scholarly journals Forecast of Epizootic situation for main helminthoses of Farm livestock in the Russian Federation for 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-61
Author(s):  
E. V. Puzanova
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Retail Trade ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Cooked Meat ◽  
Farm Livestock

The purpose of the research is forecasting an epizootic situation for the main helminthoses of farm livestock in the Russian Federation for 2020.According to the WAHID of the International Office of Epizootics (Office International des Epizooties – QIE), the following zoonotic helminthoses were recorded in the Russian Federation in 2019: 489 people were infected with echinococcosis (causative agents were Echinococcus granulosus and E. multilocularis), among them 4 people died, 42 were infected with Trichinella, and 40 contracted cysticercosis. 382 people suffering from toxoplasmosis were registered, among them 3 died. The infection was caused by ingestion of poorly cooked meat (tissue cysts) which had not undergone diagnostic testing before being supplied to retail trade system. For purposes of the country’s food safety in the field of controlling livestock inventory, products obtained from livestock and health security, the annual monitoring (forecast) is becoming relevant for helminth-contaminated areas of the Russian Federation among livestock. 

scholarly journals The Establishment of Criminal Responsibility for Retail Sale of Alcoholic Products to Minors: An Analysis of the Feasibility

Lex Russica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 150-158
Author(s):  
K. V. Dyadyun
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Criminal Responsibility ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Retail Trade ◽  
Retail Sale ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation

The paper analyzes the objective and subjective features of article 151.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The problems of interpretation and application of this norm are investigated, taking into account the goals and objectives underlying its creation. Special legislation regulating the sphere under study is considered. The studied imperfections of regulation of the subject of the crime (the relationship between the concepts of alcoholic and alcohol-containing products), problems of distinguishing acts from related compounds (article 151 of the Criminal Code), the complexity of the classification. The analysis of crime-forming features is presented: "repeatability", "retail", and "sale". Imperfections of the legislative and law enforcement approach in this aspect are revealed. In particular, the key features and correlation of the concepts of wholesale and retail trade are analyzed; the problems of assessing what was done with remote methods of selling alcohol; the content aspects of the categories "duplicity and repetition" in the context under study. The question of the expediency of replacing the term "sale" with "illegal sale" in the disposition of article 151.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation is studied. The regulation of features of the subject of the studied elements is considered, and existing problems are identified. The question of the expediency of norms with administrative prejudice in the criminal law was raised. Some problematic aspects of sentencing for retail sale of alcoholic products to minors are identified; and issues of establishing the subjective side of the elements. The paper analyzes the opinions of various authors regarding the possibility of improving the norm of article 151.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, taking into account the study of statistical data and materials of judicial practice. The author indicates the need for an integrated approach in the fight against alcohol abuse among young people. The conclusion is presented regarding the validity of the existence of the studied norm in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation in the current version.

scholarly journals Restriction of Constitutional Rights and Freedoms by the Law of the Constituent Entitity of the Russian Federation when Regulating the Sale of Non-Alcoholic Tonic Drinks

Lex Russica ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
E. N. Doroshenko
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Energy Drinks ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Retail Trade ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Rights Of The Child ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Law ◽  
Court Practice

A common practice of imposing various prohibitions and rules in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, owing to the need to solve acute social problems and achieve constitutionally significant goals, draws attention to the problem of restricting by the law of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation fundamental rights and freedoms of the man and citizen. Using the regulation of retail sale of non-alcoholic toning drinks as a case-study, the paper discusses the relevant legislative work, court practice, conditions and content of imposed restrictions. The laws of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation provide for prohibitions imposed on the sale of non-alcoholic tonic drinks to minors, retail trade in educational and medical organizations, as well as in places holding activities with the participation of young people and the consumption of such drinks by minors in public places. Attempts have been made to adopt a federal law with similar content, but taking into account the negative attitude of the Government of the Russian Federation and arguments concerning the absence of unambiguous scientific data with regard to the harm caused by ”energy” drinks, the State Duma rejected four draft laws. The regional laws’ analysis is carried out in the context of delineation of jurisdictions and powers between federal bodies of state power, sectoral legislative regulation and provisions consolidated in Part 3 Article 55 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. Restrictions on the sale of “energy” drinks are considered within the framework of the content of the legislation regulating the protection of rights of the child, civil legislation and other legal acts, as well as legal stances of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation. The paper has revealed uncertainty in the interpretation of the constitutional provision restricting human rights and freedoms by the federal law, which leads to contradictions in court practice.

scholarly journals Features of the Epidemiological Situation on Siberian Tick Typhus and other Tick-Borne Ricketsioses in the Russian Federation, Prognosis for 2019

2019 ◽  
pp. 89-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. V. Rudakov ◽  
S. N. Shpynov ◽  
D. V. Trankvilevsky ◽  
N. D. Pakskina ◽  
D. A. Savel’ev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Far East ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Very High ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

The review presents an analysis of the epidemic situation on infections of rickettsial etiology, the causative agents of which are transmitted by Ixodidae ticks in the territory of the Russian Federation. The data obtained through molecular-biological verification allow to unite under the name of “tick-borne ricketsioses” a group of infections caused by R. sibirica subsp. sibirica, R. conorii, R. heilongjiangensis and other species of rickettsiae circulating in natural foci of various regions of Russia. Cases of tick-borne rickettsioses in Siberia and the Far East, caused by various species of rickettsiae, are registered under the name of “Siberian tick-borne typhus” due to the lack of available methods of differential laboratory diagnostics. The paper presents the assessment of the incidence of Siberian tick-borne typhus, indicating not only the varying degrees of epidemic hazard of endemic regions, but also changes in the distribution of risk areas, including the identification of new, epidemically significant foci. In accordance with the risk-oriented approach to prophylaxis, forecasting of epidemic situation on tick-borne rickettsioses was given and differentiation of the endemic territories of the Russian Federation as regards Siberian tick-borne typhus was carried out with distinguishing of epidemiological zones of low, medium, above average, high and very high risk of population infection.

scholarly journals Risk-Based surveillance as a strategic tool to improve food safety in the russian consumer market

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (12) ◽  
pp. 1398-1406
Author(s):  
Nina V. Zaitseva ◽  
Irina V. May
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Dynamic State ◽  
Legal Method ◽  
The Russian Federation

Introduction. Protecting consumers’ lives and health in a condition when the number of producers and the variety of food products is continually growing is one of the state’s strategic tasks and the goals of the administrative reform in the Russian Federation. Material and methods. The work uses methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, and generalization of the existing in international practice methodological approaches and criteria to assess product safety in planning control and supervision activities, assessing the risk of harm to human health, applied the comparative legal method, methods of mathematical modeling and other methods used when searching legal and analytical research. Results. A risk-oriented model of control and supervisory activities for food safety is proposed and tested. The model is built under the general principles of the risk assessment methodology and is based on the analysis of the results of previous checks, studies and trials, data from epidemiological studies and relevant scientific literature. The model assumes three successively implemented stages: the categorization (classification) of the economic entity’s activities according to the potential risk of harm to health. Target - to select facilities for the most frequent and in-depth inspections by the supervisory authorities. The second stage is the classification of food products according to the potential risk to consumer health to justify the types of food products subject to priority supervision during scheduled inspections of economic entities. The third stage is constructing “risk profiles” of certain products to optimize laboratory control of food safety. Discussion. The construction of risk-oriented control based on the principle of step-by-step substantiation and clarification of supervision objects was shown to ensure the targeting of authority and an increase in inspection pressure on precisely those objects that are characterized by the most frequent violations of legal requirements with the most severe and large-scale consequences for health. Increasing the control density at the highest risk categories’ facilities does not require additional resources from the regulator. It is still implemented by removing facilities with moderate or low risk from planned supervision and optimizing laboratory support. Conclusion. Work out and implement a risk-based food safety surveillance model corresponds to the strategic vector of development of state control (supervision) in the Russian Federation. The system assumes that “risky” goods are unsafe for the consumer’s health. Accordingly, their producers, distributors, and sellers should be under robust inspection, including laboratory supervision, and precisely according to those indicators for which these risks are most significant. The system is in a dynamic state and development.

scholarly journals Characteristics of microbial contamination of animal raw materials and products in the Russian Federation from 2015 to 2018

2020 ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
I. V. Borodkina ◽  
N. B. Shadrova ◽  
O. V. Pruntova ◽  
O. I. Ruchnova ◽  
Ye. S. Yerofeeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Microbiological Test ◽  
Anaerobic Microorganisms ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Food Safety And Quality

To date, there is a whole system of legal documents, regulating food security issues in the Russian Federation. Monitoring of food quality and safety is performed on the federal level, on the level of the Russian Federation Subjects and on the municipal level based on the developed and adopted regulatory and methodical documents. The paper presents the analysis of ASSOL information system data related to microbial contamination of animal raw materials and products, collected within the following official activities: “Laboratory Testing within Official Monitoring of Food Safety and Quality” and “Laboratory Testing of Animal Raw Materials and Products, Feed and Biological Materials for the Purposes of Food Safety and Quality Assurance”. Microbiological test data were obtained from 37 Russian laboratories, subordinate to the Rosselkhoznadzor, within 2015–2018. The analysis performed showed that the maximum number of tests was performed for the following pathogenic microorganisms: Salmonella bacteria (29.5% within official monitoring and 26.8% within official programme). The highest number of non-compliances within monitoring was revealed when testing for total viable count (total mesophilic anaerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms) – 14.8% and Coliforms – 8.98%; within the official programme most violations were related to yeast (18.8%), yeasts and molds (18.5%) and TVC (12.4%). The parameters, showing less than 1% of positives within official programme testing, were identified. They include Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Proteus bacteria and sulphite-reducing clostridia. The necessity in further tests for safety and quality of animal raw materials and products in the Russian Federation was justified.

ORGANIZATION OF LABORATORY RESEARCHES ON CONTROL OF FOOD SAFETY IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 414-420
Author(s):  
V.I. Вelousov ◽  
◽  
A.I. Grudev ◽  
E.G. Shubina ◽  
O.Yu. Chernykh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticides ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Poisonous Plants ◽  
Safety Control ◽  
Microbiological Control ◽  
Chemical Studies ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Positive Results

The article presents and analyzes the results of laboratory studies on food safety control conducted in 2015-2019 by state veterinary laboratories of the Russian Federation and Federal institutions of Rosselkhoznadzor. During this period, the laboratories annually conducted from three to seven million different types of studies of samples of products, feed and water. Positive results for microbiological control were 3%. Salmonella (7%) and staphylococci (4,38%) were detected in the food egg, and 0,01% of the isolated microorganisms were resistant to antibiotics. In chemical studies, positive results were obtained in 0,1% of cases. At the same time, organochlorine (0,09%) and organophosphorus pesticides (1,4%), mercury-containing compounds (0,4%), zoocides (0,38%), herbicides (0,13%), nitrates (1,4%), nitrites (0,08%), antibacterial agents (0,9%), arsenic-containing substances (0,5%), pyrethroids (0,1%), chlorides (0,07%), fluorine (0,8%), growth stimulants (2%), plant poisons (0,1%) preservatives (0,09%); the feed revealed: microorganisms: Escherichia coli (0,06%), Salmonella (0,7%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2,5%), Proteus (0,1%), Pasteurella (0,4%), enterococci (0,7%), anaerobes (0,15%); mycotoxins: aflatoxin B0,2 (0,4%), zearalenone (1%), T-0,2 toxin (0,7%), ochratoxin (2%), DON (0,7%), fumonisin (0,5%); xenobiotics: herbicides (0,6%), metaphos (0,4%), phosphamide and diazinone (0,9% each), carbamates (0,01%), urease (0,1%), feed preservatives (0,2%), peroxide and acid number (2,8%), poisonous plants (0,6%), barn pests (2,6%).

scholarly journals Economic and Mathematical Models and Tools Development for Forecasting the Level of Attractiveness of Russian Cities

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 68-79
Author(s):  
М. M. Nizamutdinov ◽  
V. V. Oreshnikov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Dispersion Analysis ◽  
Retail Trade ◽  
Production Volume ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Territorial Development ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Trade Turnover ◽  
The Russian Federation

The subject of the research is the factors influencing the attractiveness of Russian cities for the population, business and tourism. The objects of the research via economic and mathematical methods are the cities of the Russian Federation with population over 100 thousand people and the parameters of their social-economic development. The purpose of the research is economic and mathematical modeling of the attractiveness change level of Russian cities. In the course of the research a system of regressive equations has been formed, and a corresponding dispersion analysis has been conducted. As the factors influencing the attractiveness of cities for people the authors detected the following ones: the number of residents, housing, payroll rate, crime rate, and medical service density. To evaluate the attractiveness of cities for businesses the authors study the production volume, the volume of retail trade turnover, and the number of people living in the city. On the whole, the regression equations obtained meet the case and can be used henceforward with the aim of forecasting the change of indicators under study. Functional blocks of tools for monitoring and forecasting attractiveness levels of cities are proposed. The key ones are the blocks of forming the task, creating scenarios, forecasting, information analysis, regions rating forming, results visualization. It is concluded that being an integral system, models of cities’ attractiveness for people, business and tourism supplement each other and make it possible to fulfill a comprehensive approach to solving the problem. The results obtained can be used by the authorities in order to solve problems concerning integrated territorial development of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals Activators hemorrhagic fevers and them epidemiology

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-172
Author(s):  
A V Moskalev ◽  
B Yu Gumilevskiy ◽  
P V Astapenko ◽  
V Ya Apchel ◽  
A I Solov’yev
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
Suspected Infection ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fevers ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Human Infections ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

The current epidemiological characteristics of pathogens of especially dangerous infections abroad and in the Russian Federation are given. The biology of the causative agents of hemorrhagic fevers, as well as their species and subspecies, is especially reflected. The biology and epidemiology of the most common causative agents of hemorrhagic fevers are described in more detail: Dengue, Ebola, Marburg, Lassa, Machupo (Bolivian), Hanin (Argentinean) fever, Rift Valley fever, Omsk, Congo-Crimean, and renal fever their intermediate hosts - mosquitoes and ticks, the options for getting these pathogens into the human body. The most severe and widespread human infections, caused by alpha viruses and flaviviruses, the most severe epidemics in various countries are characterized. The modern systematics and immunopathogenesis of the causative agents of these infections, the features of virological and immunological diagnostics using both classical and modern techniques are presented. The new pathogens of hemorrhagic fevers, which have been fatal in recent years, are described. Given the current tense situation associated with the causative agents of hemorrhagic fevers, measures are proposed that are aimed at preventing the entry of pathogens into the Russian Federation, as well as the algorithm of actions of employees of medical institutions when patients with suspected infection associated with causative agents of especially dangerous infections are admitted.

State of art epidemic situation and prognosis by major helminthoses of animals within the Russian Federation for 2018 (spring and the beginning of the grazing season)

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.V. Gorokhov ◽  
I.F. Klenova ◽  
Y.V. Puzanova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Grazing Season ◽  
Air Atmosphere ◽  
Precipitation Total ◽  
State Boundary ◽  
Ground Condition ◽  
Farm Livestock

We had analyzed longstanding meteorological data (precipitation total and average monthly temperature of air, atmosphere relative humidity), pond and feeding ground condition in order to develop prognosis by major helminthiasis of farm livestock within Russian Federation for 2018. Combination of such limiting factors determines the importance of territory zoning for studying the regularity of helminthiasis epidemic processes. Data received in analysis of forms on veterinary medicine accountability for the previous years are taken into account. Obtained results are based on the initial registration of disease and animals mortality, diagnostic testing, on prophylaxis, medicative as well as veterinary and sanitary arrangements, which are held by institutes of state veterinary service and by Veterinary Health Office workers in other households, at enterprises, and also on transport and state boundary. Analysis of epidemic situation suggests that grazing season in 2018 will be unfavorable in relation to transfer of “grazing” helminthiasis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document