scholarly journals ECOLOGICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NEMATODES OF THE GENUS RHABDOCHONA, PARASITES OF THE MARINKA

2021 ◽  
pp. 387-393
Author(s):  
Nazhmiddinov ◽  
Kuchboev ◽  
Mukhammadiev ◽  
Soatov
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
The Body ◽  
Genetic Identification ◽  
Original Form ◽  
Mountain Rivers ◽  
Ecological Variability ◽  
The North ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Post Spawning ◽  
First Time

The article presents results of the study of morphology and ecology of 3 species of nematodes of the genus Rhabdochona, which parasitize on the marinka, a typical representative of the Nagorno-Asian fauna of fish. We collected material from the species of Rhabdohona parasitizing on the marinka in the basin of the upper reaches of the Syrdarya River, in the mountain rivers Isfayramsay, Sokh and Shakhimardansay located in the south of the Fergana Valley, as well as in the mountain rivers Chodaksay and Rezaksay located in the north of the Valley. Features of morphology of the species Rabdochona denudata, Rh. gnedini and subspecies Rh. hellichi turkestanica were described based on the study results. The characterized species differ from each other in a number of characters, including the size of the body and the spicule, and the tail and egg shape. Nevertheless, there is still a considerable amount of work to be done for molecular and genetic identification of various forms of the species Rh. hellichi. The marinka that shows high morpho-ecological variability under the conditions of the study area, is a polyphage, which contributes to the fish infecting with nematodes, especially during the period of active post-spawning feeding. The nematode Rh. hellichi turkestanica (Skryabin, 1917) was considered a subspecies and is observed in the original form of this helminth and is recorded in Uzbekistan for the first time.

scholarly journals Morphological Characteristics of Different Rates of Dying

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 35-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Putincev ◽  
D. V. Bogomolov ◽  
D. V. Sundukov
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Classical Method ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Forensic Practice ◽  
Morphological Criteria ◽  
Study Results ◽  
First Time ◽  
Further Development

The purpose of the study: scientific evidence and development of accessible morphological criteria that allow to determine the duration of dying and the rate of dying.Materials and methods. The material of the main study included 206 identified deaths of persons with different pre-known processes of dying, which served as criterion for selection from1500 deaths (n=206, 14%). Of these, 110 cases were observed by the forensic medical expertize, 79 cases were revealed by the forensic medical examination of the dead body and 17 cases were included after the postmortem autopsy. The sample included from 30 to 57 cases subdivided in 5 groups. 53 cases were selected for the first time interval, 30 observations for the second one, 32 observations for the third one, 34 observations for the fourth one and 57 observations for the fifth time interval. The following methods were used to study the material: analysis of information about the circumstances of death (based on the records), retrospective clinical and anatomical analysis, the main (classical) method of autopsy of human corpses in sectional studies and histological examination. In addition, an immunohistochemical test, as well as morphometric, macroscopic and photographic methods were used. For the accuracy and reliability of the findings, morphological and statistical analysis was used, which included both statistical analysis of morphological characteristics and tanatogenetic analysis of the cases of the sampled material.Study results. We developed and scientifically proved a methodology for determining 5 rates of dying according to the morphological characteristics systematized in morphological complexes: fulminant rate ≤15-30 min; fast rate >30 min — ≤2 h; moderate rate >2 — ≤6 h; slow rate >6 — ≤12 h; lingering rate >12 h. Approbation of the proposed method on the gross experimental material allowed to set the diagnostic limit of the total significance for each morphological complex, and thereby, to improve the methodology of establishing the rate of dying in accordance to the morphological characteristics for the use in forensic practice.Conclusion. The morphological complexes of the rate of dying established in this work would serve as a base for further development of not only forensic thanatology, but also for the aim of improving the medical and preventive care.

scholarly journals MANIFESTATION OF EVIDENTIALITY IN KARACHAY-BALKAR LANGUAGE

2020 ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
Астра Шагабановна Кошева
Keyword(s):  
North Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Turkic Languages ◽  
Special Studies ◽  
First Time ◽  
Colloquial Speech ◽  
Functional Syntax ◽  
Descriptive Method

В статье изложены промежуточные результаты исследования средств выражения эвиденциальности и миративности в одном из тюркских языков Северного Кавказа (в карачаево-балкарском языке). В центре нашего внимания - одна из объемных языковых универсалий и ее воплощение в формах глагольных наклонений. Цель исследования - выявление и описание грамматических средств репрезентации эвиденциальных значений в исследуемом языке. Актуальность обусловлена отсутствием специальных исследований категории эвиденциальности в карачаево-балкарском языке. Категория эвиденциальности в исследуемом языке впервые описывается как языковое явление с использованием современных теоретических подходов. Основными методами являются описательный метод, метод контекстуального анализа и традиционный семасиологический подход «от формы к содержанию». В качестве источников фактического материала были использованы произведения карачаево-балкарской художественной прозы, частично фольклорные тексты и разговорная речь. Анализ практического материала позволил выделить в исследуемом языке несколько разновидностей эвиденциальных высказываний, среди которых наиболее типичными эвиденциальными значениями являются ‘очевидность / неочевидность’, ‘неожиданное обнаружение / изумление’, ‘пересказ / цитирование’. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы для создания функционального синтаксиса исследуемого языка, а также при исследовании эвиденциальности в родственных языках. The article presents the intermediate results of the study of the means of manifestation of evidentiality and mirativity in one of the Turkic languages of the North Caucasus (in the Karachay-Balkar language). We focus on one of the voluminous linguistic universals and its embodiment in the forms of verbal moods. The purpose of the study is to identify and describe the grammatical means of manifestation of evidential meanings in the studied language. The relevance is due to the lack of special studies of the category of evidentiality in the Karachay-Balkar language. The category of evidentiality in the studied language is described for the first time as a linguistic phenomenon using modern theoretical approaches. The main methods are the descriptive method, the method of contextual analysis and the traditional semasiological approach «from the form to the content». The sources of factual material were the works of Karachay-Balkar fiction, partly folklore texts and colloquial speech. The analysis of the practical material made it possible to single out several types of evidential statements in the studied language, among which the most typical evidential meanings are ‘obvious / non-obvious’, ‘unexpected discovery / amazement’, ’retelling / citation’. The study results can be used to create a functional syntax of the studied language, as well as in the study of evidentiality in related languages.

A new species of Valettiopsis Holmes, 1908 (Crustacea: Gammaridea:  Lysianassoidea) from abyssal waters off California

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1501 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
ED A. HENDRYCKS
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
The Body ◽  
Amphipod Species ◽  
Central California ◽  
The North ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
The North Pacific ◽  
A New Species

Deep-sea sampling off the central California coast has provided numerous material of a new amphipod species of the genus Valettiopsis Holmes, 1908. Valettiopsis concava sp. nov. is described from abyssal collections taken from baited traps and sponge stalk communities. Morphological characteristics which distinguish the new species from its congeners are found in the dorsal profile of the body, integument surface, and shape of coxa 2 and basis of pereopod 7. This contribution presents the second recorded species of the genus Valettiopsis described from the north Pacific, the first being the type species V. dentata Holmes, 1908. The new species is fully illustrated and compared with related species. The generic identity of Valettiopsis ruffoi Serejo & Wakabara, 2003 is discussed. A key to Valettiopsis species is provided.

scholarly journals Scythian Burial of the Child with the Sword Model in the Lower Dniester

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (35) ◽  
pp. 23-36
Author(s):  
Vitalij S. Sinika ◽  
◽  
Sergey D. Lysenko ◽  
Sergey N. Razumov ◽  
Nicolai P. Telnov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Glass Bead ◽  
The Body ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Natural Clay ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
The Third ◽  
The North ◽  
Unique Item ◽  
First Time

The paper for the first time publishes and analyzes the materials obtained in the study of the burial of the child no. 10 in the barrow 16 of the “Sluiceway” group near the Glinoe village, Slobodzeya district, on the left bank of the Lower Dniester. The grave dates back to the third quarter of the 4th century BC and contained the burial of a small child. The western part of the pit was intended to sacrificial food and a knife, and the eastern part was intended for the body of the child and grave goods, where a “bed” was made of a mixture of natural clay and humus. Two Cypraea moneta shells, one glass bead, as well as an iron model of the sword were part of the necklace. The last find is a unique item in the Scythian burials of the North Black Sea region. It imitated swords of the Solokha type (with claw-shaped tops and false-triangular crosshairs), known in the Scythian burials of the Northern Black Sea Region from the last quarter of the 5th century BC until the end of the 4th century BC. It is noteworthy that it was such a sword that was found in the pair burial of the same barrow where the burial of the child was sunk. There is no doubt that the model of the sword in the necklace of a child was a votive object. Perhaps it indicated the child's belonging to the estate of the warriors.

scholarly journals Влияние климатогеографических факторов Севера на адаптивные реакции организма человека

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A. Ulyanovskaya ◽  
D.V. Bazhenov ◽  
V.G. Shestakova ◽  
M.N. Kalinkin
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Endogenous Factors ◽  
The North ◽  
Study Results ◽  
And Function ◽  
Adaptive Reactions

В обзоре анализируется влияние климатогеографических факторов Севера на адаптивные реакции организма человека с позиций патологической физиологии. Основа адаптационных перестроек организма на Севере заключается в расширении физиологической нормы реакций и референсных пределов отдельных эндокринных и метаболических показателей. При выходе за пределы видовой нормы происходит снижение резервных возможностей организма, что приводит к патологии. Важную роль при этом играют внутригодовые колебания уровня гормонов, связанные с фотопериодикой. Ритмическая организация физиологических процессов имеет приспособительный характер, так как способствует подготовке и адаптации организма к условиям внешней среды в целях сохранения гомеостаза. Сезонные ритмы влияют на структуру и функцию всех систем организма человека. Многие патологические процессы в организме сопровождаются развитием десинхронозов. Рассогласование ритмов функционирования организма сопровождается нарушением исходной хроноструктурной организации физиологических реакций, что приводит не только к изменениям показателей функции эндокринной системы, но и к структурным изменениям в органах. Вопросы, рассмотренные в обзоре, отражают важность учета особенностей климатогеографических факторов Севера, приводящих к возникновению выраженных сдвигов в функционировании и структуре органов. Подтверждением вышесказанному является выявленный нами дисбаланс, в виде парциальной гипоплазии внешнесекреторного аппарата поджелудочной железы на фоне выраженного развития эндокринного компонента железы и стромы, это рассматривается как предпосылка для развития патологии. Анализ литературы показал также, что длительно действующий стрессовый фактор приводит к морфологической перестройке органов с адаптивными модификациями структуры.The review analyzes effects of climatic and geographic factors of the North on adaptive reactions of the human body in terms of pathological physiology and morphology. The aim was to study adaptive reactions of the human body in the north to external factors, which include severe light and cold conditions. Methods. Analysis of current literature on the issue under study. Results. The adaptive rearrangement of the body in the North involves expanding physiological boundaries of individual endocrine and metabolic parameters. Beyond the normal limits of a species, the capacity of body reserve decreases, which may lead to a pathology. Of a great importance are intra-annual fluctuations of hormones associated with the photoperiodism. The rhythmic organization of physiological processes has an adaptive nature as it helps preparing and adapting the body to environmental conditions to maintain its homeostasis. Adaptive changes are known to occur not only at the level of physiological systems but also at the ultrastructural level. Seasonal rhythms affect the structure and function of all systems in the human body. Many pathological processes are associated with development of desynchronosis. Mismatching biorhythms under the action of exogenous or endogenous factors is accompanied by disorders in the original chronostructural organization of physiological functions, which may leads not only to endocrine shifts but also to structural changes in organs. The review addresses the importance of taking into account the features of climatic and geographical factors of the North, which may induce pronounced changes in the structure and function of organs. The above-said is supported by the established imbalance evident as partial hypoplasia of the pancreatic exocrine apparatus associated with a pronounced endocrine component of the gland and stroma. These disorders are considered a prerequisite for development of abnormalities and may underlie congenital pancreatic pathology, such as fibrosis and diabetes. Conclusion. Long-acting stress factors lead to morphological rearrangements of organs and adaptive modifications of their structure.

SEM and TEM observations of sperm development in the testis of the freshwater fish Oreochromis mossambicus

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 58-59
Author(s):  
Daryl A. Cornish ◽  
George L. Smit
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Oreochromis Mossambicus ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Sem And Tem ◽  
Sperm Development ◽  
Ultrastructural Characteristics ◽  
The University

Oreochromis mossambicus is currently receiving much attention as a candidater species for aquaculture programs within Southern Africa. This has stimulated interest in its breeding cycle as well as the morphological characteristics of the gonads. Limited information is available on SEM and TEM observations of the male gonads. It is known that the testis of O. mossambicus is a paired, intra-abdominal structure of the lobular type, although further details of its characteristics are not known. Current investigations have shown that spermatids reach full maturity some two months after the female becomes gravid. Throughout the year, the testes contain spermatids at various stages of development although spermiogenesis appears to be maximal during November when spawning occurs. This paper describes the morphological and ultrastructural characteristics of the testes and spermatids.Specimens of this fish were collected at Syferkuil Dam, 8 km north- west of the University of the North over a twelve month period, sacrificed and the testes excised.

Characterization and evolution of spearfishing in Madeira archipelago, Eastern Atlantic

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Roi Martínez-Escauriaza ◽  
Claudio Vieira ◽  
Lídia Gouveia ◽  
Nuno Gouveia ◽  
Margarida Hermida
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Teleost Fishes ◽  
The North ◽  
Southeast Coast ◽  
Madeira Archipelago ◽  
First Time

Data obtained from licenses of spearfishers and surveys conducted in 2004 and 2017 allowed for the analysis, for the first time, of the practice of spearfishing in the Madeira archipelago. Only a small percentage of the population practices spearfishing, mostly local young men. Most of them practice the activity with a partner throughout most of the year and along most of the island's coastal areas, although preferentially along the North and Southeast coast. Results show how, in recent years, despite the population of spearfishers decreasing, the abundance in the annual catch potentially increased, probably due to the higher investment of time in this activity. It has been observed that many fishers complement their catches with manual collecting of invertebrates. Overall, 40 teleost fishes and also 4 crustaceans and 8 molluscs were identified. The most frequently captured fish species were parrotfish and white seabream, while limpets were the most collected invertebrates in both selected periods.

Pathophysiological mechanisms of hepatic immune reactivity in prolonged experimental exposure of the body to sodium fluoride

2019 ◽  
pp. 64-72
Author(s):  
А.С. Казицкая ◽  
Т.К. Ядыкина ◽  
М.С. Бугаева ◽  
А.Г. Жукова ◽  
Н.Н. Михайлова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Immune Reactivity ◽  
Organ Protection ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanisms ◽  
Subchronic Exposure ◽  
Study Results

В условиях непрерывного воздействия неблагоприятных факторов окружающей и производственной среды на человека особую актуальность приобретает изучение механизмов, поддерживающих гомеостаз организма. Длительное поступление фторидов в организм приводит к формированию хронической фтористой интоксикации, патогенез которой вызывает многочисленные споры и дискуссии. До сих пор недостаточно внимания уделяется изучению висцеральной патологии, обусловленной нарушениями иммунного статуса в условиях воздействия на организм соединений фтора. Практически отсутствуют исследования по изучению иммунной реактивности, определяющей морфофункциональный характер ответной реакции печени на ранних стадиях развития фтористой интоксикации. Цель работы - изучение действий патофизиологических механизмов иммунной реактивности печени при субхроническом действии на организм соединений фтора. Методика. Опыты проведены на 210 лабораторных крысах-самцах массой 180-220 г., разделенных на 2 группы: контрольную (n=80) и группу животных с субхроническим действием фторида натрия (n=130). Экспериментальные животные в течение 12 нед имели свободный доступ к водному раствору фторида натрия (концентрация 10 мг/л, что составляет суточную дозу фтора 1,2 мг/кг массы тела). Для изучения иммунологических и биохимических показателей забирали кровь из хвостовой вены через 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 нед от начала эксперимента. Для оценки состояния гуморального звена иммунитета определяли уровень сывороточных иммуноглобулинов (IgA, IgG, IgM) иммуноферментным анализом с помощью наборов реактивов ЗАО «Вектор-Бест» (Новосибирск). Уровень сывороточных цитокинов: TNF-α, IL-1β, 2, 4, 6, 10 определяли на анализаторе Multiskan EX методом иммуноферментного анализа с использованием наборов «Вектор Бест» (Новосибирск). Подсчет общего количества лейкоцитов произведен классическим способом в камере Горяева, анализ лейкоцитарной формулы - в окрашенных мазках периферической крови. Метаболические изменения оценивали по активности ферментов в ткани печени: щелочной фосфатазы (ЩФ), аланин- и аспартатаминотрансфераз (АЛТ, АСТ), лактатдегидрогеназы (ЛДГ), гаммаглутамилтранспептидазы (γ-ГТ). Активность ферментов определяли унифицированными методами с помощью наборов реактивов ЗАО «Вектор-Бест» (Новосибирск) на фотометре PM-750 (Германия). Гистологические исследования печени осуществляли после декапитации крыс, проводимой под эфирным наркозом. Результаты. Показано, что субхроническое воздействие фторида натрия сопровождается формированием внутриклеточных и внутрисосудистых повреждений печени. Активация медиаторов воспаления и развитие иммунологических нарушений в динамике эксперимента способствуют формированию системной воспалительной реакции, которая приводит к появлению стойких морфологических нарушений в печени и изменению активности ферментов основных метаболических путей. Заключение. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы при разработке и проведении профилактических мероприятий в условиях воздействия на организм высоких концентраций фтора с последовательным применением детоксикационной, иммуномодуляторной и органопротекторной коррекции. Studying mechanisms, which maintain the body homeostasis, is particularly important in the conditions of continuous impact of adverse environmental and manufacturing factors. Long-term exposure to fluorides leads to chronic fluoric intoxication, the pathogenesis of which is a subject of multiple controversy and discussions. Not enough attention is still paid to elucidating the visceral pathology associated with fluorine-induced immune disorders. There are virtually no studies of immune reactions that define the morphofunctional nature of the liver response to early stages of fluoric intoxication. Aim. To study pathophysiological mechanisms of hepatic immune reactivity in subchronic exposure of the body to fluorine compounds. Methods. Experiments were performed on 210 male rats weighing 180-220 g. The animals were divided into two groups: 1) control (n=80) and 2) subchronic exposure to sodium fluoride (n=130). The rats had free access to a 10 mg/l aqueous solution of sodium fluoride (daily dose, 1.2 mg/kg body weight) for 12 weeks. Blood was withdrawn from the caudal vein at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks of the experiment for immunological and biochemical tests. Histological study of the liver was performed after decapitation of rats under ether anesthesia. Results. The subchronic exposure to sodium fluoride was associated with intracellular and intravascular damage of the liver. Activation of inflammatory mediators and development of immunological disorders during the experiment contributed to a systemic inflammatory reaction, which resulted in persistent morphological injuries of the liver and changes in enzyme activities in major metabolic pathways. Conclusion. The study results can be used for development and implementation of preventive measures against the effects of high fluorine concentrations, which would include a successive use of detoxification, immunomodulation and organ protection.

Sphagnum mosses (Sphagnaceae, Bryophyta) of mires Chefandzar and Masota in North Ossetia (Caucasus)

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 455-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ya. Doroshina ◽  
I. A. Nikolajev
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
The Other ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Sphagnum Mosses ◽  
Greater Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
First Time ◽  
North Ossetia

Sphagnum mires on the Greater Caucasus are rare, characterized by the presence of relict plant communities of glacial age and are in a stage of degradation. The study of Sphagnum of Chefandzar and Masota mires is carried out for the first time. Seven species of Sphagnum are recorded. Their distribution and frequency within the North Caucasus are analyzed. Sphagnum contortum, S. platyphyllum, S. russowii, S. squarrosum are recorded for the first time for the study area and for the flora of North Ossetia. The other mosses found in the study area are listed.

Materials to the lichen flora of Samurskiy Ridge (high mountainous Dagestan)

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-406
Author(s):  
A. B. Ismailov ◽  
G. P. Urbanavichus
Keyword(s):  
North Caucasus ◽  
Lichenicolous Fungi ◽  
Greater Caucasus ◽  
Altitudinal Range ◽  
The North ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Mountainous Landscapes ◽  
First Time ◽  
Lichen Flora

The lichens and lichenicolous fungi of high mountainous landscapes of Samurskiy Ridge were studied in altitudinal range 2400–3770 m a. s. l. for the first time and 112 species are recorded. Among them 33 species, 10 genera (Arthrorhaphis, Baeomyces, Calvitimela, Epilichen, Lambiella, Psorinia, Rufoplaca, Sagedia, Sporastatia, Tremolecia) and 4 families (Anamylopsoraceae, Arthrorhaphidaceae, Baeomycetaceae, Hymeneliaceae) are new for Dagestan, six species (Buellia uberior, Carbonea atronivea, Lecanora atrosulphurea, Lecidea fuliginosa, L. swartzioidea, Rhizoplaca subdiscrepans) are reported for the first time for the Greater Caucasus and two species (Acarospora subpruinata and Rhizocarpon postumum) — for the North Caucasus. Most of the new findings were collected from 3500–3770 m a. s. l.

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