scholarly journals STUDY OF FISH HELMINTHS SPECIES COMPOSITION IN THE MIDDLE STREAM OF HRAZDAN RIVER, ARMENIA

2019 ◽  
pp. 433-437
Author(s):  
Oganesyan ◽  
Rukhkyan
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Silver Carp ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Middle Stream ◽  
The Impact ◽  
River Fish

The ichthyogelminthofauna of the Hrazdan River has been little studied. The aim of the work was to identify the species composition of helminths of fish in the middle course of the river Hrazdan. The study of the helminthofauna of river fishes is of scientific and practical interest, especially in view of the increasing anthropogenic pressure in this region. In 2018, 86 specimens of fish of 6 species from Cyprinidae family were examined from the middle course of the river using the generally accepted method of parasitological autopsies. The overall invasiveness of the fish with helminths was 36%. In fish, monogenes, trematodes, cestodes, and nematodes were identified. 8 species of helminths were recorded. They were localized in the lens of the eyes, on the gills, in the body cavity and in the intestines of fish. In the fauna of fish helminths, biohelmints of 7 species dominate. Of these, metacercaria diplop and plerocercoids ligul are more common. 5 types of worms are generalists. 5 species are allogeneic, 3 species - autogenous. The impoverishment of the species composition of fish helminths is obviously a consequence of the impact of negative anthropogenic factors. The ichthyofauna of the Hrazdan River is different at different sites. In the lower reaches of the river, it is represented by more than 30 species, including the silver carp, the eastern swift fish, the Kura barbel, the Sevan temple, the Angora goletsir. Upstream, the species composition of fish is declining: only a few species are recorded — the silver carp, the Sevan temple, the eastern swift fish, the Kura barbel, etc. (Pipoyan, 2012). The helminthofauna of the Hrazdan river fish is little studied. The literature contains isolated data from the 1980s: in a survey of 22 specimens of crucian carp metacercariae by diplopost with up to 100% invasion were detected, plerocercoids liguli botriocephalus (Vartanyan, 1993). In 2016, the helminth fauna of fish in the upper reaches of the Hrazdan River was studied: 8 species of helminthes were found, the fish invasion was 37% (Oganesyan, Rukhkyan, 2018).

scholarly journals Morphological variability of Bembidion aspericolle (Coleoptera, Carabidae) populations in conditions of anthropogenic impact

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
V. O. Komlyk ◽  
V. V. Brygadyrenko
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
The Body ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Head Width ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Angular Characteristic ◽  
Western Palearctic ◽  
The Impact

Bembidion (Talanes) aspericolle (Germar, 1829) is a Western Palearctic species which lives on the shores of the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean, Black and Caspian Seas and saline inland habitats from Central Europe to Central Asia. Anthropogenic impact is one of the most important environmental factors affecting the morphological variability of ground beetles. The objective of our research is assessment of the morphological variability of this species in three ecosystems differing by intensity of anthropogenic impact. 13 linear characteristics, one angular characteristic, density of pores on the prothorax and elytra, contrast of spots on the beetles’ elytra were measured, and 6 morphometric indices were calculated. The mean value of body length in females is more than in males in the studied populations. In the ecosystem with high anthropogenic pressure, female body length is shorter by 3.7% and elytra length is shorter by 6.0% than in females in the ecosystem with low anthropogenic impact. Differences between populations in the body length of males are not significant. In the ecosystem with high anthropogenic transformation, sexual dimorphism is observed only on head and prothorax width. The ratio of maximum width of elytra to maximum prothorax width decreases significantly with increasing anthropogenic load. The impact of anthropogenic factors on the ecosystem produces significant changes in elytra length and head width of B. aspericolle and in four of the six morphometric indices. It is reasonable to use these morphometric characteristics of B. aspericolle adults in bioindication. The complex of anthropogenic factors does not have a significant impact on the value of anterior and posterior angles of prothorax, density of prothorax and elytra puncturing and contrast of the light spots at the top of the elytra. The sex of the specimen influences all linear characteristics. The absence of significant differences in morphometric indices between males and females shows that the body proportions of the beetles remain unchanged and only linear dimensions vary. Research on the morphological variability of B. aspericolle is important for understanding microevolutionary processes in populations of beetles under anthropogenically induced changes in the environment.

scholarly journals METHODS OF COMPLEX ASSESSMENT OF NATURAL AND ANTHROPOGENIC PRESSURE FOR WATER RESOURCES IN CENTRAL ASIA - KARATAL RIVER CASE STUDY

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhumakhan Suleimenovich MUSTAFAYEV ◽  
Jozef MOSIEJ ◽  
Lya Tobazhanovna KOZYKEEVA ◽  
Kurmanbek ZHANYMKHAN
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Ecological Stability ◽  
Catchment Basin ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Natural Landscapes ◽  
The Impact

Development of the national economy in the Karatal basin river is characterized by the progressive involvement and development of the resource potential of natural landscapes, the current rate of utilization of which greatly enhances the anthropogenic impact on the natural environment. A significant impact on the formation of the ecological environment of natural landscapes is provided by the rural and water sectors, as well as by industrial facilities related to processing and mining. At the same time, on the one hand the economic activity of the man in the catchment areas of the river basin gives a certain positive effect, and on the other hand, it is accompanied by an unavoidable set of negative ecological consequences that complicate ecological situations in various ranks of natural systems. Such negative natural and man-caused process in human activity occurs as a result of inadequate knowledge of the regularities of interaction between natural and anthropogenic factors, about the processes developing in the natural environment in complex watershed management, which is one of the obstacles on the way to the creation of ecologically sustainable cost-effective water catchment systems. Scientific interest to the assessment of the ecological state of the catchments of rivers and the problem of their complex development have been appeared relatively recently which is explained by the increase in modern conditions of anthropogenic load on the catchment areas, the need to assess the impact of such pressures on the ecological stability of catchments and the emergence of the problem of ensuring the sustainable function of catchments. The catena concept was developed to analyze the regular variability of soil on the slope. The example of this approach consists first in a structural component, the recurring pattern of certain soils in a landscape transects in which every chain element has its place in the chain, a soil has it in a landscape areal. The object of the research is the catchment basin of the Karatal river with a length of 390 km, an area of 19.1 thousand km², which is formed by the merger of three rivers called Tekeliaryk, Chadzha and Kora, sources which are at an altitude of 3200-3900 m. The initial 160 km is mountain character, from the Zhungarian Alatau and below the confluence of Kara and Chizhe River overlooks a wide intermountain plain. Other tributaries are Kara, Terekty, Laba, Balykty, Mokur and the most abundant is Koksu. After the confluence of the tributary of the Koksu River, Karatal flows through the sandy desert of the Southern Balkhash. At a distance of 40 km from the mouth, the river has a delta area of 860 km 2. According to long-term observations, the average annual discharge of the Karatal River in the Ushtobe section is 66.7 m3/s or 2.1 km3/ year.

Qualitative assessment of the impact of some anthropogenic factors on natural foci of tularemia in the Rostov agglomeration

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-354
Author(s):  
Lyudmila V. Sudina ◽  
Natalia L. Pichurina ◽  
Anna P Khametova ◽  
Elena P. Sokolova ◽  
Igor' V. Orekhov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Circulation System ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
The Impact

AIM: To qualitatively assess the impact of some anthropogenic factors (construction of industrial facilities, transport networks, intensification of agriculture) on natural foci of tularemia in the Rostov agglomeration. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The official data and reports of the Federal State Budgetary Institution Rosselkhoznadzor, the data of the Department of Rospotrebnadzor for the Rostov region, the Federal State Budgetary Institution Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Rostov Region of Rospotrebnadzor were analyzed. Zoological and parasitological studies were carried out in accordance with modern regulatory documents in force. The detection of F. tularensis markers in field samples was carried out using serological and molecular genetic methods. RESULTS: It was found that the existing territories under natural protection of the Russian agglomeration restrict degradation processes, while maintaining the simultaneous coexistence of native species and synanthropic animals that make up the parasitic circulation system of the tularemia pathogen. CONCLUSION: The qualitative assessment of anthropogenic pressure/action can probably be interpreted as conditionally neutral. This could lead to potential risks of infection of the unvaccinated population of the Rostov agglomeration in natural foci of tularemia. The dynamism of the processes of anthropogenic action requires constant monitoring of the changes in the species diversity of carriers and vectors, their abundance, and infection in the natural foci of tularemia in the Rostov agglomeration.

scholarly journals Effects of Data-Loggers Implanted for a Full Year in Female Common Eiders

The Condor ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 448-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magella Guillemette ◽  
Anthony J. Woakes ◽  
Annette Flagstad ◽  
Patrick J. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Somateria Mollissima ◽  
Aerodynamic Properties ◽  
Data Loggers ◽  
Common Eiders ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Data-loggers can be implanted into the body cavities of birds to monitor their physiology and behavior. This technology opens the potential for year-round monitoring, as long as data-loggers can be retrieved one year later and the implantation does not alter the bird's health or behavior. We tested the impact of carrying data-loggers on reproductive parameters of nine female Common Eiders breeding in the Baltic Sea. We minimized disturbance and maximized return rates of experimental females by implanting data-loggers during the second half of the incubation period and by choosing early breeders, which were presumably high quality individuals. All experimental females came back to the study plot the year following implantation. Using a before-after approach applied to an experimental and a control group, we found no evidence that carrying data-loggers had any harmful effect on laying dates, clutch sizes, or hatching success of experimental females. It appears that data-loggers implanted in the body cavities of female Common Eiders do not interfere with their reproductive activities. Explanations for this result are that data-loggers are small compared to body mass (<1%), and their implantation into the body cavity does not alter the hydrodynamic or aerodynamic properties of these diving birds. Efectos de Medidores Implantados por un Año Completo en Hembras de Somateria mollissima Resumen. Pequeños medidores (i.e., “data-loggers”) pueden ser implantados en las cavidades corporales de las aves para monitorear su fisiología y comportamiento. Esta tecnología abre el potencial para realizar monitoreos a lo largo del año, siempre y cuando los medidores puedan ser recuperados un año más tarde y éstos no afecten la salud o el comportamiento de las aves. Evaluamos el impacto de llevar medidores sobre parámetros reproductivos de nueve hembras de la especie Somateria mollissima que se estaban reproduciendo en el Mar Báltico. Minimizamos el disturbio y maximizamos las tasas de retorno de las hembras experimentales implantando los medidores durante la segunda mitad del período de incubación y escogiendo aquellas que se reprodujeron al comienzo de la estación, que presumiblemente eran individuos de alta calidad. Todas las hembras experimentales regresaron al sitio de estudio al año siguiente de la implantación. Utilizando un método de antes y después aplicado a un grupo experimental y a uno de control, no encontramos evidencia de que llevar medidores tenga algún efecto negativo sobre la fecha de postura, el tamaño de la nidada o el éxito de eclosión de las hembras experimentales. Al parecer, los medidores implantados en las cavidades corporales de las hembras de S. mollissima no interfieren con sus actividades reproductivas. Las explicaciones para este resultado son que los medidores son pequeños en comparación con la masa corporal (<1%), y que su implantación en la cavidad corporal no altera las propiedades hidrodinámicas ni aerodinámicas de estas aves buceadoras.

Long-term changes in tree species composition in the Dinaric mountain forests of Slovenia

2003 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrej Boncina ◽  
Franc Gaspersic ◽  
Jurij Diaci
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
Virgin Forest ◽  
Forest Remnant ◽  
The Impact

This study utilizes data from long-term research sites in managed fir-beech forests (Hrusica, Leskova dolina and Rog) and a virgin forest remnant (Rajhenav), used as a reference site. Data obtained from old forest management plans and forest inventories were analysed. The results of the study support the hypothesis that two main tree species—silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)—alternate site dominance. The causes of species dominance alternation include both natural processes and anthropogenic factors, in particular silvicultural practices and the impact of ungulates. More than a hundred years ago, European beech dominated stand volume. The proportion of silver fir increased until 1940–1970 when a gradual decrease started. All indicators suggest that the proportion of silver fir will decrease further in the coming decades. Key words: tree species composition alternation, diameter distribution, silver fir, European beech, forest history, forest planning, managed forests, virgin forest remnant

scholarly journals The impact of drawing on the biogenic amines content in meat of pithed pheasant

2013 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-419
Author(s):  
Zdeňka Hutařová ◽  
Vladimír Večerek ◽  
Petr Maršálek ◽  
Gabriela Bořilová ◽  
Iva Steinhauserová
Keyword(s):  
Biogenic Amines ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Breast Muscle ◽  
Thigh Muscle ◽  
Hygienic Quality ◽  
New Information ◽  
The Impact

With the increasing popularity of game meat, greater emphasis is being placed on ensuring high hygienic quality of this food. Biogenic amines are among possible indicators of the hygienic quality of meat. The aim of this study was to monitor biogenic amine concentrations in the muscle tissues of pheasants (n = 20) killed by pithing and treated by drawing (guts are removed from the body cavity through the cloaca using a specially fashioned hook). The pheasants’ bodies were stored hanged by the neck for 21 days at ±7 °C. Breast and thigh muscle samples were collected at weekly intervals (day 1, 7, 14 and 21 of storage). Biogenic amines (putrescine, cadaverine, tyramine, histamine, tryptamine and phenylethylamine) were analysed by reverse phase liquid chromatography and detected by tandem mass spectrometry. In breast muscle, the most evident change was noted in the concentration of cadaverine (0.026 and 1.070 mg/kg for storage day 1 and 21, respectively) and tyramine (0.001 and 0.958 mg/kg for storage day 1 and 21, respectively). Throughout the storage period, the concentration of 5 mg/kg (indicating a loss of high hygienic quality of meat) was not exceeded by any of the assessed biogenic amines. In thigh muscle, the concentration indicating high hygienic quality of meat was exceed after 14 days of storage in the case of cadaverine, tyramine and putrescine (at the end of storage their concentrations were 9.058, 10.708 and 3.345 mg/kg, respectively). Hygienic quality of thigh muscle decreased faster compared to breast muscle. This study brings new information about the content of biogenic amines in the meat of pithed pheasants treated by drawing.

scholarly journals Comparative studies on storage cells in tardigrades during starvation and anhydrobiosis

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy Reuner ◽  
Steffen Hengherr ◽  
Franz Brümmer ◽  
Ralph O. Schill
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nutrient Regime ◽  
Storage Cells ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The impact of starvation and anhydrobiosis on the number and size of the storage cells in the tardigrade species Milnesium tardigradum, Paramacrobiotus tonollii and Macrobiotus sapiens was investigated to gain more insight on the energetic side of anhydrobiosis. Storage cells are free floating cells within the body cavity of tardigrades and are presumed to store and release energy in form of glycogen, protein and fat to maintain a constant nutrient regime for the other tissues. The body size of the animals was not correlated with the size of the storage cells, however, M. tardigradum the largest species analysed also had the largest storage cells. A reduction in the size of the storage cells is apparent in all three species after seven days of starvation. A seven-day period of anhydrobiosis leads to a decrease in cell size in M. tardigradum but not in P. tonollii and M. sapiens. Although M. sapiens was raised on green algae, and M. tardigradum and P. tonollii were fed with rotifers and nematodes this difference in nourishment was not reflected in the response of the storage cells to anhydrobiosis.

scholarly journals Midgut microbiota and host immunocompetence underlie Bacillus thuringiensis killing mechanism

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (34) ◽  
pp. 9486-9491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Caccia ◽  
Ilaria Di Lelio ◽  
Antonietta La Storia ◽  
Adriana Marinelli ◽  
Paola Varricchio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Immune Gene ◽  
Cry Toxin ◽  
Insecticidal Toxins ◽  
Sound Foundation ◽  
Epithelial Lesions ◽  
The Impact

Bacillus thuringiensis is a widely used bacterial entomopathogen producing insecticidal toxins, some of which are expressed in insect-resistant transgenic crops. Surprisingly, the killing mechanism of B. thuringiensis remains controversial. In particular, the importance of the septicemia induced by the host midgut microbiota is still debated as a result of the lack of experimental evidence obtained without drastic manipulation of the midgut and its content. Here this key issue is addressed by RNAi-mediated silencing of an immune gene in a lepidopteran host Spodoptera littoralis, leaving the midgut microbiota unaltered. The resulting cellular immunosuppression was characterized by a reduced nodulation response, which was associated with a significant enhancement of host larvae mortality triggered by B. thuringiensis and a Cry toxin. This was determined by an uncontrolled proliferation of midgut bacteria, after entering the body cavity through toxin-induced epithelial lesions. Consequently, the hemolymphatic microbiota dramatically changed upon treatment with Cry1Ca toxin, showing a remarkable predominance of Serratia and Clostridium species, which switched from asymptomatic gut symbionts to hemocoelic pathogens. These experimental results demonstrate the important contribution of host enteric flora in B. thuringiensis-killing activity and provide a sound foundation for developing new insect control strategies aimed at enhancing the impact of biocontrol agents by reducing the immunocompetence of the host.

scholarly journals Drivers of Timberline Dynamics in Rodna Montains, Northern Carpathians, Romania, over the Last 131 Years

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2089
Author(s):  
Dumitru Mihăilă ◽  
Petruț-Ionel Bistricean ◽  
Vasilică-Dănuț Horodnic
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Northern Slope ◽  
Southern Slope ◽  
Eastern Carpathians ◽  
Upper Timberline ◽  
The Impact

Currently, there is little information regarding the recent spatiotemporal dynamics of upper timberline in the Carpathian Mountains. We reconstructed the temporal (1887–2018) and spatial dynamics of upper timberline in the Rodna Mountains (Eastern Carpathians) based on seven sets of maps and aerial photographs and explained its variability in relation to three main drivers: air temperature, land morphometry and anthropogenic pressure. The impact of natural drivers (temperature, morphometry) on timberline position was evaluated using a high-resolution digital elevation model, local and regional instrumental and modelled climate databases. The impact of anthropogenic factors on timberline position was documented from published sources such as local paleolimnological studies and historical documents. Results show that timberline rose on average with 113 ± 2 m on the northern slope of the Rodna Mts (currently reaching 1640 m above sea level (a.s.l.)) and with 182 ± 2 m on the southern slope (up to an elevation of 1539 m a.s.l.). Our results suggest that this pattern might be connected with the rising temperature over the recent decades. On the northern slope where land morphometry restricts anthropogenic activities, timberline reached the highest elevation. On the more accessible southern slope, anthropogenic land-use changes likely moderated timberline elevational rise under increasing temperatures.

scholarly journals Cladocera paleocommunity to disentangle the impact of anthropogenic and climatic stressors on a deep subalpine lake ecosystem (Lake Iseo, Italy)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Leoni ◽  
Martina Patelli ◽  
Veronica Nava ◽  
Monica Tolotti
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Food Web ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Food Web Structure ◽  
Subfossil Cladocera ◽  
Web Structure ◽  
Pelagic Food Web ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Plankton Communities

AbstractIn big lakes with strong anthropogenic pressure, it is usually difficult to disentangle the impacts of climate variability from those driven by eutrophication. The present work aimed at the reconstruction of change in the species distribution and density of subfossil Cladocera in Lake Iseo (Italy) in relation to climate and anthropogenic pressure. We related subfossil Cladocera species composition and density in an 80-cm sediment core collected in the pelagic zone of Lake Iseo to long-term temperature trends and phosphorus concentration inferred by diatoms frustules. The Cladocera remains detected in Lake Iseo sediment reflected the species composition and density of modern pelagic Cladocera assemblages. Cladocera rapidly respond to environmental change, and that climate change combined with eutrophication can induce changes in community composition and species density. At the beginning of twentieth century, when global warming was not yet so accentuated, the nutrient increase in water resulted as the principal driver in determining the long-term development of plankton communities and pelagic food web structure. Moreover, catchment-related processes may decisively affect both species composition and density of the lake planktonic communities due to the decrease of lake water transparency induced by input of inorganic material from the catchment area to the lake. The paleolimnological investigation, through the combined study of biotic and abiotic factor, allowed clarifying the synergic effects of the most important drivers of change in lake ecosystems, suggesting that climatic factors should be considered with nutrient availability as determinant element in controlling the temporal development of plankton communities and pelagic food web structure.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document