scholarly journals Thermo-tolerance characterization and bioassay of selected entomopathogenic fungal (EPF) isolates on larva of Spodoptera litura Fab.

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 182-187
Author(s):  
S. Deepak ◽  
A. G. Sreenivas ◽  
Basavaraj Kalmath ◽  
S. G. Hanchinal ◽  
K. T. Vendan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Lc50 Value ◽  
Percent Mortality ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Agriculture Pests

Entomopathogenic fungi viz. Metarizhium anisoplae and Beauveria bassiana are well characterized in respect to pathogenicity to several insects and have been used for biological control of agriculture pests worldwide. Despite their potential, several factors like low resistance to elevated temperature have hindered widespread adoption of fungi as part of biological control regimes. In this study, five isolates of B. bassiana (Bb 01, Bb 02, Bb 03, Bb 04 and Bb 05) and two isolates of M. anisoplae (Ma 01 and Ma 02) were evaluated for thermotolerance capacity and bioefficacy against third instar of Spodoptera litura. Among the isolates studied, Bb 04 recorded the higher temperature tolerance up to 34oC with mean spore germination of 35.00 percent and mean dry mycelial weight of 443.38 mg. Further, in the bioassay studies, Bb 04 caused significantly (@ P<0.01%) higher percent mortality of S. litura larva at 1×108 spores ml-1 on fifth day (80.00 %) with LT50 value of 4.08 days and LC50 value of 2.07×104 conidia ml-1 at five days. Investigation results indicated that BB 04 is a suitable EPF isolate for management of S. litura where higher temperature prevails.  

scholarly journals Entomopathogenic Fungi on Fabae bean Aphid, Aphis craccivora (Koch) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 2862-2868
Author(s):  
ABDEL-RAHEEM M.A. ◽  
ABLA F.A. SAAD ◽  
ABDEL-RAHMAN I.E.
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Aphis Craccivora ◽  
Agricultural Fields ◽  
Verticillium Lecanii ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Lc50 Value ◽  
Aphis Craccivora Koch

The Aphids, Aphis craccivora (Koch) is a serious pest in agricultural fields in Egypt. Entomopathogenic fungi are biological control agents of insects. The study was carried out on the aphid by using of Bio Catch, Verticillium lecanii, Bio Power, Beauveria bassiana and Bio Magic, Metarhizium anisopliae on A. craccivora. Laboratory experiments were done to measure the pathogenicity of three commercial compounds from entomopathogenic fungi, Bio Catch, V. lecanii, Bio Power, B. bassiana, and Bio Magic, M. anisopliae against adults and nymphs of A. craccivora. Three concentrations were used from all compounds, 107 , 108 and 109 spores/ml. at 22 ± 2°C and 75 ± 5 R.H. The concentration (109 spores/ml.) gave 100% mortality with V. lecanii and B. bassiana then M. anisopliae. The Lowest LC50 value of 2.1 x 106 spores/ml. was recorded by V. lecanii, which showed higher virulence compared to other entomopathogenic fungi. The LC50 values of V. lecanii, B. bassiana and M. anisopliae were 2.1 x 106 , 4.3 x 106 and 6.4 x 107 spores ml., respectively. At the highest concentration of 109 spores/ml., the Median LT50 values for V. lecanii, B. bassiana and M. anisopliae were 4.2, 5.2 and 7.0 days, respectively.

An assessment of biological control of the banana pseudostem weevil Odoiporus longicollis (Olivier) by entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 101262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alagersamy Alagesan ◽  
Balakrishnan Padmanaban ◽  
Gunasekaran Tharani ◽  
Sundaram Jawahar ◽  
Subramanian Manivannan
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi

scholarly journals Pathogenicity of Metarhizium rileyi (Farlow) Kepler, S.A. Rehner and Humber isolates against Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) and their extracellular enzymatic activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gurmehar Kaur Grewal ◽  
Neelam Joshi ◽  
Yadhu Suneja
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Metarhizium Rileyi ◽  
Percent Mortality ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Extracellular Enzymatic Activities ◽  
Chemical Pesticides ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Abstract Background Spodoptera litura (Fab.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a serious agricultural pest that infests many commercially important crops of Southeast Asian countries. Indiscriminate use of chemical pesticides has led to various health hazards as well as insecticide resistance. Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) provide an important alternative as biological control agents. Metarhizium rileyi is an EPF with a specific host range for lepidopteran pests. The present study aimed to identify virulent M. rileyi isolate against S. litura larvae and analyse their extracellular cuticle-degrading enzyme activities. Results Three M. rileyi isolates viz M. rileyi NIPHM, M. rileyi MTCC 4254 and M. rileyi MTCC 10395 formulations were evaluated at different concentrations against 2nd instar larvae of S. litura. A maximum percent mortality of 63.33% was recorded in M. rileyi NIPHM (12 g/l), followed by M. rileyi MTCC 4254 (58.33%) at the same concentration, 10 days post-treatment. Maximum means of chitinase, protease and lipase activities (0.44, 1.58 and 2.95 U/ml, respectively) were recorded in the case of M. rileyi NIPHM. Correlation analysis was positive between enzyme activity and larval mortality. Conclusions Metarhizium rileyi NIPHM recorded the highest enzymatic activity and exhibited the maximum mortality rate against 2nd instar larvae of S. litura, suggesting the possible role of these enzymes in the pathogenicity of the fungus. Further knowledge in this regard may help in the development of enzyme-based screening methods for selecting virulent fungal isolates for the eco-friendly management of crop pests.

scholarly journals Classification and infection mechanism of entomopathogenic fungi

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Margy Alejandra Esparza Mora ◽  
Alzimiro Marcelo Conteiro Castilho ◽  
Marcelo Elias Fraga
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Insect Cuticle ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Intensive Research ◽  
Infection Mechanism ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject

ABSTRACT: Entomopathogenic fungi are important biological control agents throughout the world, have been the subject of intensive research for more than 100 years, and can occur at epizootic or enzootic levels in their host populations. Their mode of action against insects involves attaching a spore to the insect cuticle, followed by germination, penetration of the cuticle, and dissemination inside the insect. Strains of entomopathogenic fungi are concentrated in the following orders: Hypocreales (various genera), Onygenales (Ascosphaera genus), Entomophthorales, and Neozygitales (Entomophthoromycota).

Thermal Resistance of Fly Ash Geopolymers with Alumina as Additive

2018 ◽  
Vol 281 ◽  
pp. 182-188
Author(s):  
Yong Sing Ng ◽  
Yun Ming Liew ◽  
Cheng Yong Heah ◽  
Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah ◽  
Kamarudin Hussin
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Thermal Resistance ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Sodium Silicate ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Strength Degradation ◽  
Alumina Addition ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Temperature Exposure

The present work investigates the effect of alumina addition on the thermal resistance of fly ash geopolymers. Fly ash geopolymers were synthesised by mixing fly ash with activator solution (A mixture of 12M sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate) at fly ash/activator ratio of 2.5 and sodium silicate/sodium hydroxide ratio of 2.5. The alumina (0, 2 and 4 wt %) was added as an additive. The geopolymers were cured at room temperature for 24 hours and 60°C for another 24 hours. After 28 days, the geopolymers was heated to elevated temperature (200 - 1000°C). For unexposed geopolymers, the addition of 2 wt % of alumina increased the compressive strength of fly ash geopolymers while the strength decreased when the content increased to 4 wt.%. The temperature-exposed geopolymers showed enhancement of strength at 200°C regardless of the alumina content. The strength reduced at higher temperature exposure (> 200°C). Despite the strength degradation at elevated temperature, the strength attained was relatively high in the range of 13 - 45 MPa up to 1000°C which adequately for application as structural materials.

scholarly journals Bioaktivitas Campuran Ekstrak Biji Barringtonia asiatica L. (Kurz.) (Lecythidaceae) dan Getah Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (Meliaceae) terhadap Larva Spodoptera litura F. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Agrikultura ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Indah Meutia Arisanti ◽  
Danar Dono
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Feeding Method ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Lc50 Value ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Insecticidal Toxicity ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

ABSTRACTBioactivity of mixed seed extract of Barringtonia asiatica l. (kurz.) (lecythidaceae) and sap of Azadirachtaindica A. Juss. (meliaceae) against larvae of Spodoptera litura f. (lepidoptera: noctuidae)Barringtonia asiatica and Azadirachta indica are known to have variety of chemical compounds that haspotency to be developed as botanical pesticides. The study aimed to determine insecticidal toxicity of B.asiatica seed extract and A. indica sap and their mixture. The experiment was carried out in the Laboratoryof Pesticides and Application Technology, Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture,Universitas Padjadjaran. The experiments were conducted either on toxicity test of the seed extract of B.asiatica and the sap of A. indica singly or their mixture based on the comparison of LC95. Toxicity testing wasperformed using a leaf-residue feeding method on the instar I of Spodoptera litura larvae. The resultsshowed that seed extractof B.asiatica has a moderate toxicity to S.liturawith the LC50 value of 0.491% andaffected body weight of the larvae. The sap of A.indicahas had slightly low toxicity with the LC50 value of1.310%. The mixture of B. asiatica seed extract and A. Indica sap (based on ratio of 4.1%of B. asiaticacompare to 4.9% of A. Indica) has LC50 value of 0.970% (slightly low toxicity) and the LC95 value of 15.99%that was antagonistic on the LC95 level with Cotoxicity Ratio value of 0.23% on 12 days after treatment.Keywords: Cotoxicity ratio, independent joint action, Barringtonia asiatica, Azadirachta indica, SpodopteralituraABSTRAKBarringtonia asiatica dan Azadirachta indica diketahui memiliki berbagai senyawa kimia yang berpotensidikembangkan sebagai pestisida nabati. Penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui toksisitas ekstrak biji B.asiatica dan getah A. indica serta campurannya telah dilakukan di Laboraturium Pestisida dan TeknikAplikasi, Departemen Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran.Penelitian meliputi uji toksisitas ekstrak biji B. asiatica dan getah A.indica secara tunggal, dan pengujiancampuran ekstrak biji B. asiatica dan getah A.indica berdasarkan pada perbandingan LC95. Pengujiantoksisitas dilakukan dengan metode celup pakan pada larva instar I Spodoptera litura. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa ekstrak biji B. asiatica bersifat toksik sedang terhadap S. litura dengan nilai LC50sebesar 0,491% dan berpengaruh terhadap bobot basah larva. Getah A. indica bersifat toksik ringan dengannilai LC50 1,310%. Campuran ekstrak biji B. asiatica dan getah A. indica berdasarkan rasio 4,1% B. asiaticaberbanding 4,9% A. indica memiliki LC50 sebesar 0,970% (toksisitas ringan) dengan LC95 sebesar 15,99% dandinyatakan bersifat antagonis pada LC95 dengan nilai Nisbah Kotoksisitas 0,23% pada 12 hari setelahaplikasi.Kata kunci: Nisbah Kotoksisitas, Kerja bersama bebas, Barringtonia asiatica, Azadirachta indica, Spodopteralitura

scholarly journals Holistic approach to control Melolontha spp. in organic strawberry plantations

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (S1) ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
Eligio Malusá ◽  
Małgorzata Tartanus ◽  
Ewa M. Furmanczyk ◽  
Barbara H. Łabanowska
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Predictive Models ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Biological Cycle ◽  
Effective Reduction ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Root Feeding

AbstractTo achieve an effective reduction of the damage by root feeding grubs of Melolontha spp. in organic strawberry plantations, we have tested an approach targeting different stages of the insect’s biological cycle. Adult beetles were caught by using light traps or by manual shaking off trees associated to the monitoring of cockchafer swarm flights supported by forecasts models. Phytosanitary pre-crops and the application of biological control agents were tested against the larvae. The three predictive models utilized to forecast the period of emergence of the cockchafer were suitable to support the deployment of the light traps before the adults’ swarm flights. Traps positioned at 4-m height were more effective in attracting the beetles than those kept at 2-m height. Buckwheat in mixtures with either a mustard or leguminous species used as pre-crops was able to reduce the population of grubs, and considering also its capacity in solubilizing recalcitrant phosphorous sources should enter in a rotation with strawberry or any other crop susceptible to grubs damage. The distribution of two different strains of entomopathogenic fungi resulted in a reduction of the damage to plants due to the cockchafer grubs’ activity, even though the efficacy resulted to be dependent on environmental and agronomic factors, including the kind of formulation used. It is concluded that to assure a sufficient level of control of Melolontha spp. in organic strawberry plantations, it is necessary to integrate several methods that are targeting the different biological stages of the insect and are based on different kinds of practices.

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