scholarly journals Cholinesterase and microbial inhibitory activities of Tetrapleura tetraptera

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-163
Author(s):  
N. E. Okoronkwo ◽  
J. O. Echeme
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Tetrapleura Tetraptera ◽  
Inhibitory Activities

The cholinesterase and microbial inhibitory activities of different parts of Tetrapleura tetraptera plant were evaluated due to their local applications. The cholinesterase results revealed that the extracts showed some levels of inhibitory effects depending on the solvents used. Tetrapleura tetraptera leaves had better inhibitory effects with maximum inhibitory activity of 70.0% at a concentration of 1.00mg/l for the water extract. Tetrapleura tetraptera bark showed highest inhibitory effect of 71.05% and (84.34%) for the ethanol and chloroform extracts at concentrations of 0.5mg/l and 1.0 mg/l respectively. While for petroleum ether, T. tetraptera bark recorded 74.34% inhibitory effect at concentration of 2.0 mg/l and also showed continuous increase in inhibitory activity as the concentration increases for aqueous methanol. The results of the antimicrobial activities showed that among all the test organisms, theethanol and water extracts of the leaves, stem, bark and root of the plants had promising activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumonia bacteria and Aspergillus fumigatus and Rhizopus species fungi. There was no activity shown by the ethanol and water extracts ofthe parts of the plants with Fugarium oxysporum, Penicillium chrysogenum and Mucor species fungi. The bacteria strains were more sensitive to the tested extracts than the fungi strains.

scholarly journals In Vitro α-Glucosidase and α-Amylase Inhibitory Activities of Free and Bound Phenolic Extracts from the Bran and Kernel Fractions of Five Sorghum Grain Genotypes

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1301
Author(s):  
Yun Xiong ◽  
Ken Ng ◽  
Pangzhen Zhang ◽  
Robyn Dorothy Warner ◽  
Shuibao Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digestive System ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Phenolic Contents ◽  
Inhibitory Activities ◽  
Sorghum Grain ◽  
Global Health Challenge ◽  
Phenolic Extracts

Diabetes is a global health challenge. Currently, an effective treatment for diabetes is to reduce the postprandial hyperglycaemia by inhibiting the carbohydrate hydrolysing enzymes in the digestive system. In this study, we investigated the in vitro α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory effects of free and bound phenolic extracts, from the bran and kernel fractions of five sorghum grain genotypes. The results showed that the inhibitory effect of sorghum phenolic extracts depended on the phenolic concentration and composition. Sorghum with higher phenolic contents generally had higher inhibitory activity. Among the tested extracts, the brown sorghum (IS131C)-bran-free extract (BR-bran-free, half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) = 18 ± 11 mg sorghum/mL) showed the strongest inhibition against α-glucosidase which was comparable to that of acarbose (IC50 = 1.39 ± 0.23 mg acarbose/mL). The red sorghum (Mr-Buster)-kernel-bound extract (RM-kernel-bound, IC50 = 160 ± 12 mg sorghum/mL) was the most potent in inhibiting α-amylase but was much weaker compared to acarbose (IC50 = 0.50 ± 0.03 mg acarbose/mL).

Growth-Inhibiting Properties of Xylem Exudate From Vitis vinifera

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA Campbell ◽  
BR Loveys ◽  
VWK Lee ◽  
S Strother
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Lemna Minor ◽  
Growth Inhibitor ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Inhibitor Activity ◽  
Xylem Exudate ◽  
Growth Inhibiting

An inhibitory effect on the growth of Lemna minor L. cultures has been demonstrated in xylem exudate from Vitis vinifera L. var. Waltham Cross bled from canes cut near the time of budburst. Most inhibitory activity was detected up to the time of maximal daily exudation, which corresponded closely with budburst. After this time the inhibitory activity rapidly disappeared. A similar pattern occurred in each of the 3 years of the study, 1988-1990. Using ultrafiltration, it was shown that most of the growth inhibitor activity of the crude exudate was located in the 0.5-10 kDa fraction. This fraction exhibited a seasonal variation in its bioactivity similar to that ofthe crude exudate samples. The 0.5-10 kDa fraction was found to contain abscisic acid but not in a sufficient quantity to account for the inhibitory effects. When chromatographically separated fractions corresponding to oligosaccharides were pooled, biological activity equivalent to that of the crude exudate was retained, which provides evidence that the inhibitor is possibly an oligosaccharide.

Inhibitory Effect of Commercial Green Tea and Rosemary Leaf Powders on the Growth of Foodborne Pathogens in Laboratory Media and Oriental-Style Rice Cakes

2009 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 1107-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUN-YOUNG LEE ◽  
SO-YOUNG GWON ◽  
SEUNG-JU KIM ◽  
BO KYUNG MOON
Keyword(s):  
Green Tea ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Enterobacter Sakazakii ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Rice Cake ◽  
Rice Cakes

The antimicrobial effects of green tea and rosemary added to foods as antagonists to foodborne pathogens were determined in laboratory media and oriental-style rice cakes. The growth of each pathogen (Bacillus cereus, Salmonella, Typhimurium, Enterobacter sakazakii, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes) in tryptic soy broth or rice cake with or without addition of green tea or rosemary leaf powders before autoclaving or cooking, respectively, was investigated after inoculation. The addition of 1% green tea or rosemary produced similar results for inhibiting the growth of pathogens in tryptic soy broth. However, green tea was more effective than rosemary for inhibiting the growth of L. monocytogenes. Both botanicals had inhibitory effects against all pathogens tested in this study. Green tea was particularly effective against B. cereus, S. aureus, and L. monocytogenes, and rosemary was strongly inhibitory against B. cereus and S. aureus. The addition of 1 or 3% green tea or rosemary to rice cakes did not significantly reduce total aerobic counts; however, levels of B. cereus and S. aureus were significantly reduced in rice cakes stored for 3 days at room temperature (22°C). The order of antimicrobial activities against B. cereus in rice cake was 1% rosemary < 1% green tea < 3% rosemary = 3% green tea. These results indicate that the use of natural plant materials such as green tea and rosemary could improve the microbial quality of foods in addition to their functional properties.

Inhibitory Activity of Extracts from Mycelia Materials of Several Mushrooms on the Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 3541-3544
Author(s):  
Pei Sheng Yan ◽  
Xiu Jun Gao
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Medium ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Angiotensin I ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Ace Inhibitory

ACE inhibitory activities of water extracts from mycelia of 6 kinds of mushrooms in liquid fermentation were investigated. All strains cultivated in shaking flask containing liquid medium, and yield of mycelia ranged from 0.051 to 1.392 g mycelia/day/L liquid medium in average. Resulting mycelia were extracted with distilled water at 50°Cfor 200 min, and the yield of water extracts from mycelia ranged from 287.475 to 490.088 mg/g dried mycelia. These water extracts were used to assay their ACE inhibitory activity. Results showed that their IC50 values ranged from 1.277 to 5.250 mg/ml. The difference among IC50 values of these water extracts were significant (p<0.05 or p<0.001). Lactarius camphorates (IC50: 1.646±0.061mg/mL) was the specie which had relatively lower IC50 value than others, as well as relatively higher water extract yield. The results highlighted the potential for making antihypertensive functional foods or drugs from liquid cultured mycelia of Lactarius camphorates.

scholarly journals EFFICIENCY OF SOME PLANT EXTRACTS TO CONTROL OF PENICILLIUM ITALICUM WEHMER CAUSING BLUE MOLD ON LEMON FRUITS IN IRAQ

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-05
Author(s):  
Ahed A.H. Matloob ◽  
Hamid A A. Khafaji
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Penicillium Italicum ◽  
Blue Mold ◽  
Lemon Fruit ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Wild Mustard ◽  
First Time ◽  
High Inhibitory Effect

The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the water extract of Propolis, Wild mustard and dates vinegar in the inhibition of Penicillium italicum causal agent of Blue mold on a lemon fruits. The results showed that all tested extracts with concentrations 5, 10 and 15% had a high inhibitory effect against P. italicum. Dates vinegar is highly effective and showed 100% inhibition of P. italicum and protected lemon fruit from infection. First time this type of natural inhibitory water extracts are used in Iraq which resulted that the dates vinegar is the best suitable option for the management of lemon blue mold disease in post-harvest.

scholarly journals Melanogenesis Inhibitory Activity of Diterpenoid and Triterpenoid Constituents from the Aerial Part of Isodon trichocarpus

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1701200
Author(s):  
Yoshiaki Manse ◽  
Kiyofumi Ninomiya ◽  
Akane Okazaki ◽  
Eriko Okada-Nishida ◽  
Takahiro Imagawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
B16 Melanoma ◽  
Related Protein ◽  
Inhibitory Effects

A methanol extract from the aerial part of Isodon trichocarpus (Labiatae) demonstrated inhibitory effects on melanogenesis in theophylline-stimulated murine B16 melanoma 4A5 cells (IC50 = 1.6 μg/mL). From the extract, nine diterpenoids (1–9) and four triterpenoids (10–13) were isolated. Among the isolates, enmein (1, IC50 = 0.22 μM), isodocarpin (2, 0.19 μM), nodosin (4, 0.46 μM), and oridonin (6, 0.90 μM) showed an inhibitory effect without notable cytotoxicity at the effective concentrations. These diterpenoids (1, 2, 4, and 6) inhibited the expression of tyrosinase, tyrosine-related protein (TRP)-1, and TRP-2 mRNA, which could be the mechanism of melanogenesis inhibitory activity.

scholarly journals In Vitro Studies of Fermented Korean Chung-Yang Hot Pepper Phenolics as Inhibitors of Key Enzymes Relevant to Hypertension and Diabetes

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeon ◽  
Kim ◽  
Cho ◽  
Kim ◽  
Seo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Extract ◽  
Ace Inhibition ◽  
Total Phenol Content ◽  
Hot Pepper ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Inhibition Effect ◽  
Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Inhibitory Activities

This study was investigated to evaluate the antioxidant activity, the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition effect, and the α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition activities of hot pepper water extracts both before and after their fermentation. The fermented pepper water extract (FP) showed significantly higher total phenol content, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical inhibition effect, metal chelating activity and ACE inhibition activity compared to the non-fermented raw pepper water extract (RP) (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the FP showed lower α-amylase and higher α-glucosidase inhibitory activities, but the RP showed similar levels of α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Taken together, these results suggested that fermented pepper extract using water should be expected to have potentially inhibitory effects against both hyperglycemia and hypertension.

scholarly journals The effect of tropomyosin on the adenosine triphosphatase activity of desensitized actomyosin

1967 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 1235-1243 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Schaub ◽  
S V Perry ◽  
D. J. Hartshorne
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphatase ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Tryptic Digestion ◽  
Prolonged Treatment ◽  
Thiol Groups ◽  
Protein Thiol ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphatase Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Activities

1. Tropomyosin preparations of the Bailey type, and those prepared in the presence of dithiothreitol to prevent oxidation of protein thiol groups, inhibit the Ca2+-activated adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) of desensitized actomyosin by up to 60%. 2. The inhibitory activity of myofibrillar extracts and tropomyosin survives various agents known to denature proteins but to the action of which tropomyosin is unusually stable, namely heating at 100° and mild tryptic digestion. It is destroyed by prolonged treatment with trypsin. 3. The ethylenedioxybis-(ethyleneamino)tetra-acetic acid (EGTA)-sensitizing factor present in extracts of natural actomyosin and myofibrils could be selectively destroyed, leaving unchanged the inhibitory effect on the Ca2+-activated ATPase. There was no correlation between the EGTA-sensitizing and the Ca2+-activated inhibitory activities of tropomyosin prepared under different conditions. 4. Optimum inhibition was achieved when tropomyosin and the myosin of desensitized actomyosin were present in approximately equimolar proportions. Tropomyosin had no effect on the Ca2+-activated ATPase of myosin measured under similar conditions. 5. Evidence is presented showing that the tropomyosin binds to desensitized actomyosin under the conditions in which the ATPase is inhibited.

scholarly journals Effect ofNelumbo nuciferaPetal Extracts on Lipase, Adipogenesis, Adipolysis, and Central Receptors of Obesity

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandrasekaran Chinampudur Velusami ◽  
Amit Agarwal ◽  
Vijayalakshmi Mookambeswaran
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Lipase Activity ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Lipid Storage ◽  
Preclinical Models ◽  
Antagonist Activity ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Agonist And Antagonist

N. nuciferais one among the important medicinal plants assessed for its antiobesity action in various preclinical models. The present study was aimed at investigating the antiobesity effect of methanol and successive water extracts of petals ofN. nuciferaby studying its effect on adipogenesis, adipolysis, lipase, serotonin (5-HT2C), cannabinoid (CNR2), melanocyte concentrating hormone (MCHR1), and melanocortin (MC4R) receptors. Both methanol and successive water extracts ofN. nuciferapetals had an effect on inhibition of lipid storage in adipocytes and on increasing lipolysis.N. nuciferapetal methanol extract exhibited the concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on lipase activity with an IC50value of 47 µg/mL.N. nuciferapetal extracts showed evident agonist and antagonist activity towards 5-HT2Cand CNR2receptors, respectively, while it showed no effect towards MCHR1and MC4R receptors. Overall, methanol extract ofN. nuciferapetals showed better activity than successive water extract.

scholarly journals The inhibition of glucosylceramide β-glucosidase and other acid hydrolases by nucleic acids

1988 ◽  
Vol 254 (1) ◽  
pp. 297-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Sano ◽  
N S Radin
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Spectrum ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Acid Hydrolases ◽  
Activator Protein ◽  
Excess Amount ◽  
Beta Glucosidase

During the isolation of the activator protein for glucosylceramide beta-glucosidase, we found that certain column fractions contained an inhibitor of the enzyme. After separation from the activator protein by a DEAE-Sephacel column, the inhibitor was purified further with a Spehadex G-75 column. The u.v. absorption spectrum of the purified material was similar to that of nucleic acids and the protein content of the purified material was negligible. Furthermore the purified inhibitor reacted with orcinol but not with diphenylamine, and its inhibitory activity was completely destroyed by treatment with RNAases. It seems likely that the purified inhibitor was tRNA. Authentic RNA, tRNA and DNA had similar inhibitory effects on beta-glucosidase (Ki 17 micrograms/ml for tRNA, noncompetitive toward the substrate). The inhibitory effect of nucleic acids was not fully overcome by an excess amount of the activator protein, but phosphatidylserine could restore the activity to normal. Tests with several other hydrolases revealed that the inhibitory effect of nucleic acids was fairly general.

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