scholarly journals Micro-histological analysis of faeces of Chukar partridge Alectoris chukar gray in Garhwal Himalaya, Uttarakhand, India

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 447-450
Author(s):  
Manish Kukreti ◽  
Surman Arya ◽  
Suneel Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Garhwal Himalaya ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Alectoris Chukar ◽  
Plant Matter ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Vegetative Matter ◽  
Chukar Partridge

In vivo studies on the feeding of Chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar Gray) in Garhwal Himalaya, Uttarakhand and micro-histological analysis of 104 samples of its faeces were investigated during January 2011 to December 2012, to get information on vegetative and non-vegetative diet and feeding behaviour. Plant matter constituted a major portion of the faecal content (87.73±4.31μg) and represented by 14 families. Non- vegetative matter could be recorded as 9.36±1.46μg of dry weight which represented by 8 orders of the arthropods. Fine organic matter + grits constitute was found to be 2.84%±1.17μg in faecal content. Saxifragaceae, Graminaceae, Rosaceae, Poaceae and Fabaceae were found the best plant families for Chukar diet while arthropod insects order like Diptera, Dissotera, Hymenoptera and Araneae remained favorite feeds. Flowers and fruits of Rhus parviflora, leaves of Rumax, roots/ tuber of Vigna and fruits of Rubus were found important diet of Chukar partridge along with Triticum in Rabi crop and Oryza in Kharif. Flies, grasshoppers, spiders were observed the main insects diet of Chukar partridge.

scholarly journals Potential antidiabetic phytochemicals in plant roots: a review of in vivo studies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamidreza Ardalani ◽  
Fatemeh Hejazi Amiri ◽  
Amin Hadipanah ◽  
Kenneth T. Kongstad
Keyword(s):  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Scientific Databases ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Promising Source

Abstract Background Medicinal plants are used to treat various disorders, including diabetes, globally in a range of formulations. While attention has mainly been on the aerial plant parts, there are only a few review studies to date that are focused on the natural constituents present in the plant roots with health benefits. Thus, the present study was performed to review in vivo studies investigating the antidiabetic potential of the natural compounds in plant roots. Methods We sorted relevant data in 2001–2019 from scientific databases and search engines, including Web of Knowledge, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Medline, Reaxys, and Google Scholar. The class of phytochemicals, plant families, major compounds, active constituents, effective dosages, type of extracts, time of experiments, and type of diabetic induction were described. Results In our literature review, we found 104 plants with determined antidiabetic activity in their root extracts. The biosynthesis pathways and mechanism of actions of the most frequent class of compounds were also proposed. The results of this review indicated that flavonoids, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, and phytosteroids are the most abundant natural compounds in plant roots with antidiabetic activity. Phytochemicals in plant roots possess different mechanisms of action to control diabetes, including inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes, oxidative stress reduction, secretion of insulin, improvement of diabetic retinopathy/nephropathy, slow the starch digestion, and contribution against hyperglycemia. Conclusion This review concludes that plant roots are a promising source of bioactive compounds which can be explored to develop against diabetes and diabetes-related complications. Graphical abstract

In vitro and in vivo activity of cinnamaldehyde against Eimeria kofoidi in chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar)

2020 ◽  
Vol 218 ◽  
pp. 107978
Author(s):  
Reza Abbasi ◽  
Bahman Abdi-Hachesoo ◽  
Seyed Mostafa Razavi ◽  
Fatemeh Namazi ◽  
Saeed Nazifi
Keyword(s):  
Alectoris Chukar ◽  
Chukar Partridge

scholarly journals Alveolar Overdistension as a Cause of Lung Injury: Differences among Three Animal Species

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel García-Delgado ◽  
Inés Navarrete-Sánchez ◽  
Virginia Chamorro-Marín ◽  
Juan Carlos Díaz-Monrové ◽  
Javier Esquivias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Tension Pneumothorax ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
High Tidal Volume ◽  
Alveolar Collapse ◽  
Alveolar Overdistension

This study analyses characteristics of lung injuries produced by alveolar overdistension in three animal species. Mechanical ventilation at normal tidal volume (10 mL/Kg) and high tidal volume (50 mL/Kg) was applied for 30 min in each species. Data were gathered on wet/dry weight ratio, histological score, and area of alveolar collapse. Five out of six rabbits with high tidal volume developed tension pneumothorax, and the rabbit results were therefore not included in the histological analysis. Lungs from the pigs and rats showed minimal histological lesions. Pigs ventilated with high tidal volume had significantly greater oedema, higher neutrophil infiltration, and higher percentage area of alveolar collapse than rats ventilated with high tidal volume. We conclude that rabbits are not an appropriate species for in vivo studies of alveolar overdistension due to their fragility. Although some histological lesions are observed in pigs and rats, the lesions do not appear to be relevant.

scholarly journals Diet of Chukar Partridge Alectoris chukar (Gray): Histological analysis of the droppings

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Bisht
Keyword(s):  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Vegetative Part ◽  
Alectoris Chukar ◽  
The Family ◽  
Food And Feeding ◽  
Chukar Partridge

Undigested remains from droppings of Chukar partridge Alectoris chukar (Gray) were examined under the microscope for qualitative and quantitative information on the food and feeding habits of this popular sport bird. Findings suggested that the Chukar partridge feed both the plants and animals along with grits throughout the year. The vegetative parts was comprised by overall 87.73±12.31% of faecal remains and represented by total 24 species of plants, belonging to 13 families while non-vegetative part was 9.36±2.46% and represented by hard body parts of 8 Orders of arthropods. Other than plants and animals, average 2.84±1.17% grits was also recorded from undigested faecal remains. The leaves, roots and seeds of plants like Saccharum, Brachiaria, Chloris, Echinochloa, Oryza, Apluda (of the family Poaceae) and seeds of Cajanus, Vigna and Glycine (family Fabaceae), and grasshoppers (order - Dissoptera) and flies (order - Diptera) are identified as major components of the diet of Chukar partridge

Effect of Liquid and Charcoal Based Consortium Biofertilizers Amended with Additives on Growth and Yield in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjali . ◽  
Poonam Sharma ◽  
Sharon Nagpal
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Viable Cell ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Total N ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Pgp Traits ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting

The present study was carried out to compare the shelf life and bio-efficacy of liquid and charcoal based biofertilizers of LGR33+RB1 amended with different additives viz.0.1% CMC, 2% PVP and 10mM trehalose stored at 4oC and 28oC upto 300 days in chickpea. Significantly high viable cell count of bacterial population as well as plant growth promoting (PGP) traits viz. IAA production and P solubilization at an interval of 30 days were recorded in liquid based biofertilizer treatments with additives during the entire study period (300 days) at 4oC and 28oC as compared to charcoal based biofertilizer treatments. However, among different additives amendment with 0.1% CMC showed maximum viable population and PGP traits in both liquid as well as charcoal based biofertilizers. In vivo studies, all liquid as well as charcoal based biofertilizer treatments with additives improved growth parameters in chickpea as compared to recommended consortium treatment without additives. Liquid biofertilizer treatment LGR33+RB1+0.1% CMC recorded maximum plant height, chlorophyll content, number of nodules, dry weight of nodules as well as leghaemoglobin content, soil enzyme activity, total N and P content of shoot and soil along with improvement in grain yield over uninoculated control.

MMP proteolysis of the human extracellular matrix protein aggrecan is mainly a process of normal turnover

2012 ◽  
Vol 446 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Struglics ◽  
Maria Hansson
Keyword(s):  
Knee Injury ◽  
Matrix Protein ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Active Role ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Protein ◽  
Cleavage Sites ◽  
Osteoarthritic Cartilage

Although it has been shown that aggrecanases are involved in aggrecan degradation, the role of MMP (matrix metalloproteinase) aggrecanolysis is less well studied. To investigate MMP proteolysis of human aggrecan, in the present study we used neoepitope antibodies against MMP cleavage sites and Western blot analysis to identify MMP-generated fragments in normal and OA (osteoarthritis/osteoarthritic) cartilage, and in normal, knee injury and OA and SF (synovial fluid) samples. MMP-3 in vitro digestion showed that aggrecan contains six MMP cleavage sites, in the IGD (interglobular domain), the KS (keratan sulfate) region, the border between the KS region and CS (chondroitin sulfate) region 1, the CS1 region, and the border between the CS2 and the G3 domain, and kinetic studies showed a specific order of digestion where the cleavage between CS2 and the G3 domain was the most preferred. In vivo studies showed that OA cartilage contained (per dry weight) 3.4-fold more MMP-generated FFGV fragments compared with normal cartilage, and although aggrecanase-generated SF-ARGS concentrations were increased 14-fold in OA and knee-injured patients compared with levels in knee-healthy reference subjects, the SF-FFGV concentrations did not notably change. The results of the present study suggest that MMPs are mainly involved in normal aggrecan turnover and might have a less-active role in aggrecan degradation during knee injury and OA.

scholarly journals Anti-inflammatory and ulcerogenic activities of thiazolidine-4-ones in rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Shiva Murthy N. ◽  
Srinivas V. ◽  
Shanthi M.
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Acute Peritonitis ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
And Control

Background: NSAIDS are associated with side effects and research should continue for developing safer drugs. This study aims to evaluate newer thiazolidine-4-ones for their anti-inflammatory and ulcerogenic activities in wister rats.Methods: Five groups of wister rats, 6 in each were used.  Anti-inflammatory and ulcerogenic activities of diclofenac (30mg/kg), nimesulide (50mg/kg), thia-1 (50mg/kg) and thia-2 (50mg/kg) are compared with control group (4% Gum Acacia). Carrageenin-induced paw edema, formaline induced acute peritonitis and cotton pellet-induced granulomatous tissue formation models were used for evaluating anti-inflammatory activity. After removing cotton pellets with granuloma on 8th day gastric ulcerogenicity was assessed by using macroscopic and microscopic scoring of ulcers.Results: Diclofenac, nimesulide and thia 2 reduced both paw edema and peritoneal exudate volume significantly (p <0.01). Wet weight of cotton pellets reduced significantly (p <0.01) by diclofenac, nimesulide and thia 2. Diclofenac (p <0.01) and thia 2 (p <0.05) reduced dry weight of cotton pellets significantly. nimesulide and thia-1 reduced it by 19.14% and 2.68% respectively and was considered statistically not significant (p>0.05). Nimesulide, thia-1 and thia-2 did not increase gastric ulcer score significantly (p >0.05). Diclofenac increased ulcer score significantly (p <0.01).Conclusions: Thia-2 demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory activity in acute and chronic models. In addition to inhibition of cyclooxygenase pathway, PPAR agonistic activity may be involved in its anti-inflammatory activity.  No significant ulcerogenicity was observed on comparing with nimesulide and control. Further in-vitro and in-vivo studies are recommended to confirm the results of this study.

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