scholarly journals Potential antidiabetic phytochemicals in plant roots: a review of in vivo studies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamidreza Ardalani ◽  
Fatemeh Hejazi Amiri ◽  
Amin Hadipanah ◽  
Kenneth T. Kongstad
Keyword(s):  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Scientific Databases ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Promising Source

Abstract Background Medicinal plants are used to treat various disorders, including diabetes, globally in a range of formulations. While attention has mainly been on the aerial plant parts, there are only a few review studies to date that are focused on the natural constituents present in the plant roots with health benefits. Thus, the present study was performed to review in vivo studies investigating the antidiabetic potential of the natural compounds in plant roots. Methods We sorted relevant data in 2001–2019 from scientific databases and search engines, including Web of Knowledge, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Medline, Reaxys, and Google Scholar. The class of phytochemicals, plant families, major compounds, active constituents, effective dosages, type of extracts, time of experiments, and type of diabetic induction were described. Results In our literature review, we found 104 plants with determined antidiabetic activity in their root extracts. The biosynthesis pathways and mechanism of actions of the most frequent class of compounds were also proposed. The results of this review indicated that flavonoids, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, and phytosteroids are the most abundant natural compounds in plant roots with antidiabetic activity. Phytochemicals in plant roots possess different mechanisms of action to control diabetes, including inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes, oxidative stress reduction, secretion of insulin, improvement of diabetic retinopathy/nephropathy, slow the starch digestion, and contribution against hyperglycemia. Conclusion This review concludes that plant roots are a promising source of bioactive compounds which can be explored to develop against diabetes and diabetes-related complications. Graphical abstract

Novel Phytochemical Constituents and their Potential to Manage Diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaik Ibrahim Khalivulla ◽  
Arifullah Mohammed ◽  
Kokkanti Mallikarjuna
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Large Population ◽  
World Health ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Chemical Structures

Background: Diabetes is a chronic disease affecting a large population worldwide and stands as one of the major global health challenges to be tackled. According to World Health Organization, about 400 million are having diabetes worldwide and it is the seventh leading cause of deaths in 2016. Plant based natural products had been in use from ancient time as ethnomedicine for the treatment of several diseases including diabetes. As a result of that, there are several reports on plant based natural products displaying antidiabetic activity. In the current review, such antidiabetic potential compounds reported from all plant sources along with their chemical structures are collected, presented and discussed. This kind of reports are essential to pool the available information to one source followed by statistical analysis and screening to check the efficacy of all known compounds in a comparative sense. This kind of analysis can give rise to few numbers of potential compounds from hundreds, whom can further be screened through in vitro and in vivo studies, and human trails leading to the drug development. Methods: Phytochemicals along with their potential antidiabetic property were classified according to their basic chemical skeleton. The chemical structures of all the compounds with antidiabetic activities were elucidated in the present review. In addition to this, the distribution and their other remarkable pharmacological activities of each species is also included. Results: The scrutiny of literature led to identification of 44 plants with antidiabetic compounds (70) and other pharmacological activities. For the sake of information, the distribution of each species in the world is given. Many plant derivatives may exert antidiabetic properties by improving or mimicking the insulin production or action. Different classes of compounds including sulfur compounds (1-4), alkaloids (5-11), phenolic compounds (12-17), tannins (18-23), phenylpropanoids (24-27), xanthanoids (28-31), amino acid (32), stilbenoid (33), benzofuran (34), coumarin (35), flavonoids (36-49) and terpenoids (50-70) were found to be active potential compounds for antidiabetic activity. Of the 70 listed compounds, majorly 17 compounds are from triterpenoids, 13 flavonoids and 7 are from alkaloids. Among all the 44 plant species, maximum number (7) of compounds are reported from Lagerstroemia speciosa followed by Momordica charantia (6) and S. oblonga with 5 compounds. Conclusion: This is the first paper to summarize the established chemical structures of phytochemicals that have been successfully screened for antidiabetic potential and their mechanisms of inhibition. The reported compounds could be considered as potential lead molecules for the treatment of type-2 diabetes. Further, molecular and clinical trials are required to select and establish the therapeutic drug candidates.

scholarly journals Essential Oils as Treatment Strategy for Alzheimerʼs Disease: Current and Future Perspectives

Planta Medica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (03) ◽  
pp. 239-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anju Benny ◽  
Jaya Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Symptomatic Relief ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Clinical Trial Data ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Scientific Databases ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

AbstractAlzheimerʼs disease is a multifarious neurodegenerative disease that causes cognitive impairment and gradual memory loss. Several hypotheses have been put forward to postulate its pathophysiology. Currently, few drugs are available for the management of Alzheimerʼs disease and the treatment provides only symptomatic relief. Our aim is to review the relevant in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies focused toward the potential uses of essential oils in the treatment of Alzheimerʼs disease. Scientific databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar from April 1998 to June 2018 were explored to collect data. We have conducted wide search on various essential oils used in different models of Alzheimerʼs disease. Out of 55 essential oils identified for Alzheimerʼs intervention, 28 have been included in the present review. A short description of in vivo studies of 13 essential oils together with clinical trial data of Salvia officinalis, Salvia lavandulifolia, Melissa officinalis, Lavandula angustifolia, and Rosmarinus officinalis have been highlighted. In vitro studies of remaining essential oils that possess antioxidant and anticholinesterase potential are also mentioned. Our literary survey revealed encouraging results regarding the various essential oils being studied in preclinical and clinical studies of Alzheimerʼs disease with significant effects in modulating the pathology through anti-amyloid, antioxidants, anticholinesterase, and memory-enhancement activity.

scholarly journals Pharmacological potential of naturally occurring nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP)

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 307-310
Author(s):  
Dhwani T. Dave ◽  
◽  
Gaurang B. Shah ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Extract ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Secondary Plant Metabolites ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Pharmacological Potential ◽  
Crude Polysaccharide ◽  
Pharmacologically Active ◽  
Promising Source

Since ancient times, plants have been serving as a promising source of medicines and in recent times, extensive research has been made to isolate, characterize and screen a number of phytoconstituents/secondary plant metabolites for their pharmacological activities and safety in various disease models – both in vitro and in vivo. One such category of phytoconstituents is “polysaccharides”. These are found in different parts of the plant such as roots, leaves, stem and leaves and are extracted maximally in polar solvent – for eg. water extract of the afore mentioned plant parts contain the crude polysaccharide fraction. These are non-starch type in nature and can be a mixture of more than one type of polysaccharide too. In this review, an attempt has been made to discuss such therapeutically active plant polysaccharides in terms of their wide pharmacologically active profile along with methods to isolate and characterize them in brief.

scholarly journals Polyalthia Clerodane Diterpene Potentiates Hypoglycemia via Inhibition of Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Po-Kai Huang ◽  
Shian-Ren Lin ◽  
Jirawat Riyaphan ◽  
Yaw-Syan Fu ◽  
Ching-Feng Weng
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
Dipeptidyl Peptidase ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Drug Candidate ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Dose Administration ◽  
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4

Serine protease dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) is involved in self/non-self-recognition and insulin sensitivity. DPP-4 inhibitors are conventional choices for diabetic treatment; however, side effects such as headache, bronchus infection, and nasopharyngitis might affect the daily lives of diabetic patients. Notably, natural compounds are believed to have a similar efficacy with lower adverse effects. This study aimed to validate the DPP-4 inhibitory activity of clerodane diterpene 16-hydroxycleroda-3,13-dien-15,16-olide (HCD) from Polyalthia longifolia, rutin, quercetin, and berberine, previously selected through molecular docking. The inhibitory potency of natural DPP-4 candidates was further determined by enzymatic, in vitro Caco-2, and ERK/PKA activation in myocyte and pancreatic cells. The hypoglycemic efficacy of the natural compounds was consecutively analyzed by single-dose and multiple-dose administration in diet-induced obese diabetic mice. All the natural-compounds could directly inhibit DPP-4 activity in enzymatic assay and Caco-2 inhibition assay, and HCD showed the highest inhibition of the compounds. HCD down-regulated LPS-induced ERK phosphorylation in myocyte but blocked GLP-1 induced PKA expression. For in vivo tests, HCD showed hypoglycemic efficacy only in single-dose administration. After 28-days administration, HCD exhibited hypolipidemic and hepatoprotective efficacy. These results revealed that HCD performed potential antidiabetic activity via inhibition of single-dose and long-term administrations, and could be a new prospective anti-diabetic drug candidate.

An Insight into the Discovery of Potent Antifilarial Leads Against Lymphatic Filariasis

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 657-680
Author(s):  
Pone Kamdem Boniface ◽  
Ferreira Igne Elizabeth
Keyword(s):  
Lymphatic Filariasis ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Protein Targets ◽  
Scientific Databases ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
In Silico Studies ◽  
Antifilarial Activity ◽  
Insight Into

Background and Objectives: Lymphatic filariasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by infection with filarial worms that are transmitted through mosquito bites. Globally, 120 million people are infected, with nearly 40 million people disfigured and disabled by complications such as severe swelling of the legs (elephantiasis) or scrotum (hydrocele). Current treatments (ivermectin, diethylcarbamazine) have limited effects on adult parasites and produce side effects; therefore, there is an urgent to search for new antifilarial agents. Numerous studies on the antifilarial activity of pure molecules have been reported accross the recent literature. The present study describes the current standings of potent antifilarial compounds against lymphatic filariasis. Methods: A literature search was conducted for naturally occurring and synthetic antifilarial compounds by referencing textbooks and scientific databases (SciFinder, PubMed, Science Direct, Wiley, ACS, SciELO, Google Scholar, and Springer, among others) from their inception until September 2019. Results: Numerous compounds have been reported to exhibit antifilarial acitivity in adult and microfilariae forms of the parasites responsible for lymphatic filariasis. In silico studies of active antifilarial compounds (ligands) showed molecular interactions over the protein targets (trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase, thymidylate synthase, among others) of lymphatic filariasis, and supported the in vitro results. Conclusion: With reference to in vitro antifilarial studies, there is evidence that natural and synthetic products can serve as basic scaffolds for the development of antifilarial agents. The optimization of the most potent antifilarial compounds can be further performed, followed by their in vivo studies.

scholarly journals The Role of Selected Natural Biomolecules in Sperm Production and Functionality

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (17) ◽  
pp. 5196
Author(s):  
Eva Tvrdá ◽  
Filip Benko ◽  
Tomáš Slanina ◽  
Stefan S. du Plessis
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Dna Integrity ◽  
Sperm Production ◽  
Reproductive Dysfunction

Emerging evidence from in vivo as well as in vitro studies indicates that natural biomolecules may play important roles in the prevention or management of a wide array of chronic diseases. Furthermore, the use of natural compounds in the treatment of male sub- or infertility has been proposed as a potential alternative to conventional therapeutic options. As such, we aimed to evaluate the effects of selected natural biomolecules on the sperm production, structural integrity, and functional activity. At the same time, we reviewed their possible beneficial or adverse effects on male reproductive health. Using relevant keywords, a literature search was performed to collect currently available information regarding molecular mechanisms by which selected natural biomolecules exhibit their biological effects in the context of male reproductive dysfunction. Evidence gathered from clinical trials, in vitro experiments and in vivo studies suggest that the selected natural compounds affect key targets related to sperm mitochondrial metabolism and motion behavior, oxidative stress, inflammation, DNA integrity and cell death. The majority of reports emphasize on ameliorative, stimulating and protective effects of natural biomolecules on the sperm function. Nevertheless, possible adverse and toxic behavior of natural compounds has been indicated as well, pointing out to a possible dose-dependent impact of natural biomolecules on the sperm survival and functionality. As such, further research leading to a deeper understanding of the beneficial or adverse roles of natural compounds is necessary before these can be employed for the management of male reproductive dysfunction.

scholarly journals Micro-histological analysis of faeces of Chukar partridge Alectoris chukar gray in Garhwal Himalaya, Uttarakhand, India

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 447-450
Author(s):  
Manish Kukreti ◽  
Surman Arya ◽  
Suneel Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Garhwal Himalaya ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Alectoris Chukar ◽  
Plant Matter ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Vegetative Matter ◽  
Chukar Partridge

In vivo studies on the feeding of Chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar Gray) in Garhwal Himalaya, Uttarakhand and micro-histological analysis of 104 samples of its faeces were investigated during January 2011 to December 2012, to get information on vegetative and non-vegetative diet and feeding behaviour. Plant matter constituted a major portion of the faecal content (87.73±4.31μg) and represented by 14 families. Non- vegetative matter could be recorded as 9.36±1.46μg of dry weight which represented by 8 orders of the arthropods. Fine organic matter + grits constitute was found to be 2.84%±1.17μg in faecal content. Saxifragaceae, Graminaceae, Rosaceae, Poaceae and Fabaceae were found the best plant families for Chukar diet while arthropod insects order like Diptera, Dissotera, Hymenoptera and Araneae remained favorite feeds. Flowers and fruits of Rhus parviflora, leaves of Rumax, roots/ tuber of Vigna and fruits of Rubus were found important diet of Chukar partridge along with Triticum in Rabi crop and Oryza in Kharif. Flies, grasshoppers, spiders were observed the main insects diet of Chukar partridge.

scholarly journals Assessment of antidiabetic potential and phytochemical profiling of Rhazya stricta root extracts

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashid Mahmood ◽  
Waqas Khan Kayani ◽  
Tanveer Ahmed ◽  
Farnaz Malik ◽  
Shahzad Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Rhazya Stricta ◽  
Dpp Iv

Abstract Background Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease characterized by hyperglycemia that may occur due to genetic, environmental or lifestyle factors. Natural remedies have been used to treat diabetes since long and many antidiabetic compounds of varied efficacies have been isolated from medicinal plants. Rhazya stricta has been used for decades for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and associated ailments. Considering the folkloric use of R. stricta against diabetes, it was aimed to investigate the effectiveness of its root extracts against diabetes through in vitro assays and in vivo studies using animal model along with phytochemical profiling through GCMS. Methods Various fractions of Rhazya stricta obtained through column chromatography were evaluated for a variety of assays including α-glucosidase, Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), β-secretase and Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion studies. For the in vivo studies the alloxan-induced diabetic mice were treated with root extracts and blood glucose levels, HbA1C, and other biochemical markers along with the histological study of the liver were done. The phytochemical identification was performed using an Agilent 7890B GC coupled to a 7010 Triple Quadrupole (MS/MS) system. GraphPad Prism software version 5.01 was used for statistical analysis. Results Majority of the extract fractions showed excellent results against diabetes by inhibiting enzymes DPP-IV (Up to 61%) and β-secretase (Up to 83%) with IC50s 979 μg/ml and 169 μg/ml respectively with increase in the GLP1 secretion. The results of in vivo studies indicated a marked reduction in blood glucose and HbA1c levels along with positive effects on other parameters like lipid profile, liver functions and renal functions of extract-treated mice as compared to control. The histological examination of the liver demonstrated hepatoprotective effects against diabetes led changes and various classes of phytochemicals were also identified through GCMS in different fractions. Conclusion The results revealed strong antidiabetic activity of R. stricta root with the potential to protect body organs against diabetic changes. Moreover, a variety of phytochemicals has also been identified through GCMS that might be responsible for the antidiabetic potential of Rhazya stricta root. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Fluctuations of Histone Chemical Modifications in Breast, Prostate, and Colorectal Cancer: An Implication of Phytochemicals as Defenders of Chromatin Equilibrium

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Samec ◽  
Alena Liskova ◽  
Lenka Koklesova ◽  
Veronika Mestanova ◽  
Maria Franekova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Research ◽  
Chromatin Structure ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Regulation Of Transcription ◽  
Natural Substances ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Posttranslational Histone Modifications

Natural substances of plant origin exert health beneficiary efficacy due to the content of various phytochemicals. Significant anticancer abilities of natural compounds are mediated via various processes such as regulation of a cell’s epigenome. The potential antineoplastic activity of plant natural substances mediated by their action on posttranslational histone modifications (PHMs) is currently a highly evaluated area of cancer research. PHMs play an important role in maintaining chromatin structure and regulating gene expression. Aberrations in PHMs are directly linked to the process of carcinogenesis in cancer such as breast (BC), prostate (PC), and colorectal (CRC) cancer, common malignant diseases in terms of incidence and mortality among both men and women. This review summarizes the effects of plant phytochemicals (isolated or mixtures) on cancer-associated PHMs (mainly modulation of acetylation and methylation) resulting in alterations of chromatin structure that are related to the regulation of transcription activity of specific oncogenes, which are crucial in the development of BC, PC, and CRC. Significant effectiveness of natural compounds in the modulation of aberrant PHMs were confirmed by a number of in vitro or in vivo studies in preclinical cancer research. However, evidence concerning PHMs-modulating abilities of plant-based natural substances in clinical trials is insufficient.

scholarly journals The STANDARDIZATION OF A TRADITIONAL POLYHERBAL FORMULATION WITH PHARMACOGNOSTIC STUDY; ITS PHYTOCHEMICAL CONTENT, ANTIOXIDANT, AND ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY

2019 ◽  
pp. 182-190
Author(s):  
ARUNIKA SUBBA ◽  
PALASH MANDAL ◽  
Arunika Subba
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Acetone Extract ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Phytochemical Content ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus

Objective: Pharmacognostic study, evaluation of antioxidant and antidiabetic activity along with phytochemical contents of an ethnomedicine (AR) which is used for the treatment of arthritis and diabetes in some villages of West Sikkim. Methods: The herbal formulation was extracted in a Soxhlet apparatus successively in ten solvents from low to high polarity. The extracts were subjected to antioxidant activity, qualitative and quantitative phytochemical estimation as well as in vitro antidiabetic activity. For pharmacognostic characterization, parameters such as fluorescence activity, physicochemical values, powder microscopy, and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) were performed. Mean values with p<0.05 were considered significant in statistical analysis. Results: Pharmacognostic study revealed various plants tissues. Ash values suggested the presence of earthy materials and moisture content near to the maximum range. Variation of colors was exhibited by AR in fluorescence analysis. TLC expressed the presence of phytoconstituents and the Rf values were noted down to be used in the future for authentication of the sample. Potential antioxidant capacity was observed in AR, phenolics significantly contributing in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity, 2, 2’-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)+ scavenging activity and reducing power. Non-polar solvent showed the presence of alkaloid and steroids. The antidiabetic activity was very high in some extracts of AR with acetone extract showing the highest enzyme inhibiting activity. IC50 of acetone extract was 0.26±0.003 mg/ml. Conclusion: Overall study established a basic reference for the formulation AR. It was considered to possess antioxidant activity, but the interesting part of the study was its antidiabetic activity which is needed to be validated with in vivo studies and toxicity assessment.

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