Diversity of common bean in Jammu and Kashmir, India: a DIVAgeographic information system and cluster analysis

A total of 80 diverse germplasm accessions of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were collected from 31 different locations known for marginal and risk prone farming systems in remote and hilly areas of North-Western Indian Himalayan state of Jammu and Kashmir. The variability was observed in seed color, shape, size and 100- seed weight. Thirteen colors of bean seeds were represented in these 80 accessions with high predominance of red colored seeds. Cuboid, kidney and oval seed shapes observed were represented respectively in 61.25%, 25% and 13.75% of the accessions. There were significant variations in seed length, width and 100-seed weight being highly significant in the later case. All the three seed size classes (small, medium and large according to CIAT categorization) were represented in the collected accessions. 22.5% accessions have 100-seed weight less than 25g, 53.75% accessions have 100-seed weight between 25-40g while 100-seed weight of more than 40g was recorded in 23.75% of the accessions. Highly positive correlations were found between 100-seed weight and seed length and width and between seed length and seed width. The 80 accessions were grouped in three clusters at a coefficient level of 0.3 with largest cluster of 59 accessions followed by a medium cluster with 20 accessions and the least with a single accession. Grid maps generated through DIVA-GIS software indicated that diverse accessions of common bean in terms of seed size and weight can be sourced from the areas falling in Budgam, Shopian and Kulgam districts of the state. Conservation of this remarkable genetic diversity is recommended for future propagation, breeding and the investigation of the genetic relationships.

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Detection and Mapping of RAPD Markers Associated with QTL Affecting Seed Size and Shape in Common Bean

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.33.3.547b ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 547b-547

Author(s):

Soon O. Park ◽

Dermot P. Coyne ◽

Geunhwa Jung ◽

E. Arnaud-Santana ◽

H. Ariyarathne

Keyword(s):

Linkage Group ◽

Common Bean ◽

Seed Size ◽

Phenotypic Variation ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Rapd Markers ◽

Rapd Marker ◽

Seed Shape ◽

Seed Length ◽

Ri Lines

Seed size is an important trait in common bean. The objective was to identify RAPD markers associated with QTL for seed weight, seed length, and seed height in a molecular marker-based linkage map in a recombinant inbred (RI) population from the common bean cross of the larger seeded (100 seed/39 to 47 g) PC-50 (ovate seed shape) × smaller seeded (100 seed/26 to 35 g) XAN-159 (flat rhomboidal seed shape). The parents and RI lines were grown in two separate greenhouse and two field (Wisconsin, Dominican Republic) experiments using a RCBD. Continuous distributions for seed weight, seed length, and seed height were observed for RI lines indicating quantitative inheritance. One to three QTLs affecting seed weight explained 17% to 41% of the phenotypic variation. Two to three QTLs for seed length explained 23% to 45% of the phenotypic variation. One to four QTL associated with seed height explained 17% to 39% of the phenotypic variation. A RAPD marker M5.850 in linkage group 3 was consistently associated with seed weight, seed length, and seed height in all experiments and explained 7% to 13% of the phenotypic variation for these traits. A seedcoat pattern morphological marker (C) in linkage group 1 was associated with seed weight and seed height in two greenhouse experiments.

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Phenotypic Characterization of 183 Turkish Common Bean Accessions for Agronomic, Trading, and Consumer-Preferred Plant Characteristics for Breeding Purposes

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10020272 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 272 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Muhammad Azhar Nadeem ◽

Tolga Karaköy ◽

Mehmet Zahit Yeken ◽

Ephrem Habyarimana ◽

Ruştu Hatipoğlu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Common Bean ◽

Plant Height ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Seed Length ◽

Plant Weight ◽

Wide Range ◽

Days To Maturity ◽

100 Seed Weight

Plant landraces represent a repository of a gene pool, local adaptation of their domestic species, and thereby are considered a great source of genetic variations. Such genetic variation can be helpful to mitigate the current and future food challenges. A total of 183 common bean accessions including three commercial varieties collected from 19 Turkish provinces were grown to record their morpho-agronomic variations and to evaluate the best performing accessions under multi-environmental conditions. Plant height, days to maturity, pods weight, seed length, and 100-seed weight were used to evaluate the best performing accessions under different environmental conditions. A wide range of variations for traits like days to maturity (99–161), plant height (21–168.7 cm), seed length (7.41–16.4 mm), seeds per plant (17.8–254.4), and 100-seeds weight (24.97–73.8 g) were observed and can be useful for breeding purposes. The analytic results derived from the first three eigenvectors suggested that plant height, plant weight, 100-seed weight, and days to flowering were biologically significant bean traits. Seed yield per plant was positively and significantly correlated with plant weight and pods weight. Genotype × environment biplot discriminated the studied common bean accessions based on their plant height and growth habit. Plant height, days to maturity, seed width, and first pod height were found highly heritable traits and were least affected by environmental forces. Among 19 provinces, accessions of Bilecik showed maximum pods per plant, seed yield per plant and 100-seed weight, while Erzincan and Sivas provinces reflected the prevalence of bushy and early maturing accessions. Information provided herein comprehensively explored the occurrence of genotypic variations which can be used for the development of candidate varieties responding to breeder, farmer, and consumer preferences.

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Germplasm Collection and Seed Diversity of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.)

Asian Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences ◽

10.24203/ajafs.v6i4.5349 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Nadiya A. Al-Saady ◽

Saleem K Nadaf ◽

Ali H. Al-Lawati ◽

Saleh A. Al-Hinai

Keyword(s):

Vigna Unguiculata ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Germplasm Collection ◽

Principal Component ◽

Color Pattern ◽

North Coast ◽

Critical Examination ◽

Seed Color ◽

Seed Length ◽

100 Seed Weight

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) is a legume crop cultivated in whole of Arabian Peninsula countries including Oman as a dual crop for both food and fodder during summer. Both consumers and farmers prefer large size seeds. This paper presents the results of collecting missions of indigenous cowpea germplasm and analysis of seed diversity of collected accessions. The collecting mission led to the accumulation of seed samples of 64 accessions with large number from the governorates of Sharqiya (North Eastern) (19), followed by Dhofar (Southern) (17), Al-Dakhiliyah (Interior) (10), South Batinah (South Coast) (9), North Batinah (North coast) (5) and Dhahira & Buraimi (4). The accessions were diverse in respect to all the seed traits studied, i.e. seed length (cm) and width (cm), 100-seed weight (g) and seed color. The accessions were grouped into 14 genetically diverse clusters based on the Principal Component Analysis, which revealed the contribution of seed length and 100-seed weight to the total variation existing in indigenous germplasm collected from all the governorates of Oman. The results of critical examination of seed color pattern of these samples indicated the presence of as many as 31 groups of which the largest group had 16 accessions followed by a group with 4 accessions, 2 groups with 3 accessions each and 9 groups with 2 accessions. There were 19 accessions numbering 193, 197, 251, 269, 276, 280, 293, 297, 301, 303, 325, 327, 328, 331, 332, 333, 339, 343 and 347 which formed groups of their own due to a unique combination of seed coat colors.

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Mapping of QTL for Seed Size and Shape Traits in Common Bean

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.125.4.466 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 125 (4) ◽

pp. 466-475 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Soon O. Park ◽

Dermot P. Coyne ◽

Geunhwa Jung ◽

Paul W. Skroch ◽

E. Arnaud-Santana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Common Bean ◽

Seed Size ◽

Strong Evidence ◽

Phenotypic Variation ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Full Model ◽

Seed Length ◽

The Mean

Our objective was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for seed weight, length, and height segregating in a recombinant inbred line population derived from the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cross `PC-50' × XAN-159. The parents and progeny were grown in two separate greenhouse experiments in Nebraska, and in field plots in the Dominican Republic and Wisconsin. Data analysis was done for individual environments separately and on the mean over all environments. A simple linear regression analysis of all data indicated that most QTL appeared to be detected in the mean environment. Based on these results, composite interval mapping (CIM) analysis was applied to the means over environments. For seed weight, strong evidence was indicated for five QTL on common bean linkage groups (LGs) 3, 4, 6, 7, and 8. Multiple regression analysis (MRA) indicated that these QTL explained 44% of the phenotypic variation for the trait. Weaker evidence was found for three additional candidate QTL on bean LGs 4, 5, and 8. All eight markers associated with these QTL were significant in a MRA where the full model explained 63% of the variation among seed weight means. For seed length, CIM results indicated strong evidence for three QTL on LG 8 and one on LG 2. Three additional putative QTL were detected on LGs 3, 4, and 11. The markers associated with the three seed length QTL on LG 8, and the QTL on LGs 2 and 11 were significant in a MRA with the full model explaining 48% of the variation among seed length means. For seed height, three QTL on LGs 4, 6, and 11 explained 36% of the phenotypic variation for trait means. Four of the seven QTL for seed length and two of three QTL for seed height also appeared to correspond to QTL for seed weight. Four QTL for common bacterial blight resistance [Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli (Smith Dye)] and for smaller seed size were associated on LGs 6, 7, and 8. The implications of these findings for breeders is discussed.

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Seed Diversity of Indigenous Field Peas (Pisum sativum L.) Germplasm Collection in Oman

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v10n11p523 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 523

Author(s):

Nadiya A. Al-Saady ◽

Saleem K. Nadaf ◽

Ali H. Al-Lawati ◽

Saleh A. Al-Hinai

Keyword(s):

Pisum Sativum ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Seed Color ◽

Seed Traits ◽

Seed Length ◽

Pisum Sativum L ◽

Field Peas ◽

Dark Green ◽

Light Green ◽

100 Seed Weight

Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is a field crop cultivated in most countries of the Arabian Peninsula for both food and fodder consumption during winter. This paper presents the results of indigenous germplasm collections in Oman and assessment of their seed diversity. 27 seed samples/accessions of field peas were collected during collecting missions of indigenous legume crops from 2008 to 2011. South Batinah-coastal governorate represented by Rustaq (15) had the highest, followed by Dhahira & Buraimi governorates (8), Al-Dakhliya (Interior) governorate (2), Sharqiya (eastern) governorate (1) and North Batinah-coastal governorate (1). Seed accessions were found diverse for three seed traits and seed color. Seed length varied from 0.305 cm to 0.720 cm whereas seed width varied from 0.295 cm to 0.690 cm. 100-seed weight ranged from 4.500 g to 21.9 g. With respect to seed color, six accessions viz. Collection No. 25 (tan-light), No. 78 (dark green, mottled), No. 82 (light green), No. 173 (dark green, dark brown, mottled), No. 178 (brownish green, mottled) and No. 314 (cream, light pink) were homogenous (pure) whereas the remaining 21 seed accessions were heterogeneous (mixture) with various colors such as white cream, cream, light green, tan, light brown, dark brown and black with mottled nature. The collections were grouped into 10 genetically diverse clusters based on the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) using seed traits which revealed significant contribution of seed length (34.378%) and 100-seed weight (34.182%) to the total variation existing in indigenous field pea germplasm collected across all the governorates of Oman.

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Inheritance of seed yield, maturity and seed weight of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) under semi-arid rainfed conditions

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600087451 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 122 (2) ◽

pp. 265-273 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

J. W. White ◽

R. M. Ochoa ◽

F. P. Ibarra ◽

S. P. Singh

Keyword(s):

Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽

Common Bean ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Combining Ability ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Tropical Environments ◽

Expected Gain ◽

Days To Maturity ◽

The Common ◽

100 Seed Weight

SUMMARYTo develop an effective breeding programme for rainfed production of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), the inheritance of seed yield under such conditions should be understood, preferably considering the effects of environment to account for site or season specificity. Thus, heritability, expected and realized gain from selection, and combining ability were evaluated for a nine-parent diallel of common bean without reciprocals but including parents, at two locations each in Mexico and Colombia, using the F2 and F3 population bulks. Heritability estimated from regressions of F3 on F2 ranged from 0·09 ± 0·18 (S.E.) to 0·75±0·25 for seed yield, from 0·26±009 to 0·34±009 for days to maturity and from0·57±004 to 0·80±004 for 100-seed weight. Expected gain from selection in the F2 was estimated as a percentage of the population mean, selecting the upper 20% of the populations. Expected gain in seed yield ranged from 1·8 to 8·4% in Mexico and from 6·5 to 28·1% in Colombia. Realized gains in seed yield in the F3 were 0·4–7·4% in Mexico and 2·9–15·7% in Colombia. Realized gain values for days to maturity were < 2·2%, and for 100-seed weight > 13·4%. General combining ability (GCA) mean squares (estimated using Griffing's Method 2, Model 1) were significant (P <0·01) and larger than those for specific combining ability (SCA) for all traits at all locations. The parents from the Mexican highlands tended to have a positive GCA effect for yield in Mexico but negative values in Colombia, whereas parents adapted to mid-elevation tropical environments showed the opposite tendency. However, all significant GCA values of breeding line V8025 were positive in both countries.

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Agronomical and Physiological Response of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Genotypes to Low Soil Fertility at the Southern Highland Region of Yemen

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v8n3p92 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 92 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Y. A. A. Molaaldoila ◽

K. A. A. Al-Hakimi

Keyword(s):

Soil Fertility ◽

Common Bean ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Geometric Mean ◽

Low Fertility ◽

Coefficient Of Determination ◽

Nutrient Efficiency ◽

Shoot Mass ◽

Southern Highland ◽

100 Seed Weight

Production of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is often limited by the low soil fertility (LF). Identification of common bean genotypes adapted to LF may be a feasible strategy to overcome the poor plant growth and production in NP-deficient soils. Eight bean genotypes samples/derived from International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) and three local common bean cultivars were evaluated in low soil fertility (LF) and recommended fertilizers (RF) at three locations representing high (Mashwarah), medium (Shaban) and low (Al-Qaidah) rainy seasons at Southern Highland Region (SHR), Ibb, Yemen in 2011, 2012 and 2013 following a completely randomized block design, arranged as split plot with either (LF) or (RF) as the main plots and the genotypes as sub plots. Three replications were used. The LF plots was absolute control, it did not receive any fertilizer (LF) and in (RF) plots, it received only 34.5 kg N and 92 kg P2O5 kg. The common bean genotypes varied in phenotypic, nutrient efficiency traits and low fertility tolerant indices. The genotypes G2381B, MIB-156, BFB-140, BFB-141 performed favorably under both (RF and LF) environments. These genotypes were associated with higher values of pod number/plant, seed number/plant and 100 seed weight and leaf area, root nodules mass, shoot mass and root mass, shoot mass, physiological, nutrients and recovery efficiency and geometric mean percent (GMP), mean percent (MP) and susceptible tolerant index (STI) and low values of agronomy efficiency, percent of reduction (PR), low fertility susceptible index (LFSI) and tolerant (TOL). The results also showed that high and significant positive correlation of low fertility yield (LFY) and recommended fertility yield (RFY) with seed number/plant and 100 seed weight, NP recovery and use efficiency, geometric mean percent (GMP), mean percent (MP) and susceptible tolerant index (STI) under LF or RF. These correlations indicates that direction selection for yield under LF or RF would result into improved LF tolerant genotypes. Using phenotypic, nutrient efficiency traits, low fertility tolerant indices and stability indices criteria, only G2381B, MIB-156, BFB-140, BFB-143 and BFB-144 showed high average of yields, with b-value of 1.00 and a very low standard deviation (s2d) approaching zero, low ecovalence value (W) and highly significant coefficient of determination (r2). However, the regression coefficients indicating stability (b’s) and residuals were highly correlated with slopes (r = 0.943; P < 0.001) and coefficient of determination (r = 0.711; P < 0.001) and equivalent value (r = 0.809; P < 0.001), respectively. Thus the data collected from three locations x three years can be used to select low fertility tolerant (or ‘stable’) genotypes. Such low fertility tolerant genotypes would be better suited for poor farmers in the SHR-Ibb and other similar production regions in Yemen.

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A preliminary investigation of cultivated and wild species of Luffa for oil and protein contents

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

10.1017/s147926211300035x ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 103-111 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Krishna Prakash ◽

Jalli Radhamani ◽

Anjula Pandey ◽

Sangita Yadav

Keyword(s):

Seed Size ◽

Seed Coat ◽

Wild Species ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Seed Protein ◽

Biochemical Traits ◽

Major Cluster ◽

Cultivated Species ◽

Edible Seed ◽

100 Seed Weight

Seeds of wild and cultivated species of Luffa were studied to determine the variability in morphological (seed size, colour, seed-coat surface and 100-seed weight) and biochemical (oil and protein) characteristics. A total of 80 accessions of three cultivated species (71 accessions) and three wild species (9 accessions) of Luffa under the present investigation from diverse regions (12 states of five regions) of India showed variations in seed size, colour, seed-coat surface, 100-seed weight, and seed protein and oil contents both within the accessions of the same species and between different species. Significant variability in seed morphological traits was observed. Both seed oil and soluble seed protein contents were highest in some accessions of the cultivated species (25–27% oil and 8–10% protein, respectively, on a fresh seed weight basis). Using the 2D scatter plot diagram derived from the principal components analysis, the morphological and biochemical traits of the 80 Luffa accessions classified the wild species into one cluster (cluster I) and the cultivated species into a second major cluster (cluster II). The present investigation on the correlation between seed morphology and biochemical traits in the cultivated and wild species of Luffa can help in identifying the genotypes of Luffa species with valuable traits for further exploring the potential of this valuable crop as a source of edible oil, food and fodder in edible seed types or as a source of industrial oil/biodiesel in non-edible seed types. The protein-rich seed could be further explored to be utilized in the fortification of food products for value addition.

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Genotypic Variability and Correlation Studies in Pod and Seed Characteristics ofPongamia pinnata(L.) Pierre in Orissa, India

International Journal of Forestry Research ◽

10.1155/2011/728985 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Deebe Prasad Sahoo ◽

Gyana Ranjan Rout ◽

Swarnalata Das ◽

Subhashree Aparajita ◽

A. K. Mahapatra

Keyword(s):

Coefficient Of Variation ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Pongamia Pinnata ◽

Effective Parameters ◽

Seed Length ◽

Additive Gene ◽

High Heritability ◽

Pod Length ◽

Seed Characteristics ◽

100 Seed Weight

Pongamia pinnata(L.) Pierre is a fast growing leguminous tree with high potential for oil seed production. Fifty-three candidate plus trees (CPTs) ofPongamia pinnatawere selected from different locations in Orissa, India, on the basis of their seed and pod characteristics to identify suitable seed source with high oil content for production of quality planting seedling for use in afforestation programs. All the CPTs showed significant variation among themselves in respect to their pod and seed characters. Phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) estimates were high for pod thickness, seed thickness, 100-pod weight, and 100-seed weight. High heritability values accompanied by high genetic advance for 100-seed weight (96.1%, 59.6) and 100-pod weight (90.9%, 37.3) indicated additive gene action. High estimates of genotypic correlations than the corresponding phenotypic correlations indicated the presence of strong inherent association between pod length and pod breadth; 100-pod weight, and pod thickness; 100-pod weight and seed length; 100-seed weight and 100-pod weight. Seed length, seed breadth, seed thickness, 100-pod weight and 100-seed weight had significant positive correlation with each other, and these characters should be considered as effective parameters to select CPTs for different agroforestry programs.

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Genetic Mapping for Agronomic Traits in IAPAR 81/LP97-28 Population of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under Drought Conditions

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10081568 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1568

Author(s):

Júlio César Ferreira Elias ◽

Maria Celeste Gonçalves-Vidigal ◽

Mariana Vaz Vaz Bisneta ◽

Giseli Valentini ◽

Pedro Soares Vidigal Filho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Quantitative Trait Loci ◽

Drought Tolerance ◽

Common Bean ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Quantitative Trait ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Drought Conditions ◽

Days To Maturity ◽

100 Seed Weight

One of the significant challenges of common bean breeding is developing cultivars with high yields under drought conditions. The present study attempted to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and identify molecular markers that are linked to drought tolerance in the common bean. We evaluated 160 recombinant inbred lines (RILs), derived from the cross between the carioca cultivars IAPAR 81 (drought tolerant) and LP97-28 (susceptible to drought). In 2014 and 2015, two experiments were conducted (DS—drought stress, and NS—no drought stress). In the DS experiment, water suppression was performed at the flowering stages R5 to R6. The results of our experiments showed that drought conditions play an essential role in reducing most of the traits that were evaluated. RILs under drought conditions reduced the grain yield by 62.03% and 24% in 2014 and 2015, respectively. We identified 15 quantitative trait loci distributed on the chromosomes Pv01, Pv02, Pv03, Pv07, Pv08, Pv09, Pv10, and Pv11, related to grain yield, seed yield per day, 100-seed weight, number of pods per plant, plant height, number of days for flowering, and number of days to maturity. The characteristics of seed yield per day, 100-seed weight, and number of days to maturity showed that QTLs colocalized on Pv07. Identifying QTLs that are linked to drought tolerance in the RIL population IAPAR 81 × LP97-28 is of particular importance for common bean breeding programs seeking to improve carioca beans that are cultivated in regions with drought conditions, such as Brazil.

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