Feeding behaviour and pugmark analysis of elephants in Sarguja, Chhattisgarh

The pugmark analysis of the elephants offers basic information to track the wild elephant migratory route, identification and census. For its study, four blocks viz, Sitapur, Lundra, Batouli (Sarguja district) and Farsabahar (Jashpur district) of northern Chhattisgarh were selected because these blocks are commonly visited by elephants and a major path route of movement of heard in inter/intra state. The most commonly consumed species belongs to family poaceae (22.58%) followed by fabaceae (19.35%) but their diet was mainly dependent on availability of seasonal food round the year and on their migration. Elephants extensively fed on Artocarpus heterophyllus, Syzygium cumini, Acacia nilotica, A. catechu, Dalbergia sissoo, Zizyphus mauritiana, Aegle marmelos and Ficus species, besides these elephants also utilized various grasses and shrubs as their food, which mainly included Dendrocalamus strictus, Cynodon dactylon etc. Elephants sometimes spent long time to feed on some particular plant species like D. strictus and Ficus species. Crop raiding, which was sporadic during the rainy season, gradually increased with more area being cultivated with the onset of monsoon. Analysis of pugmark revealed that the circumference varied from 63.80 cm to 172.70 cm whereas length x width varied from 22x20 cm to 60x55 cm, which reflects a substantial variation/differentiation of individual in heard in respect of their age, sex, size etcTherefore, management implications are needed to conserve the corridors for their long term survival and reduction of HEC. The study will be helpful to provide key information and facilitate better understating of the scenario to the forest department, policy maker and conservationist to plan, manage and improve the habitat towards the restoration and afforestation of suitable palatable species preferred by elephants of northern corridors of Chhattisgarh.

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Long-Term Survival in a Patient with Pulmonary Lymphangioleiomyomatosis

Canadian Respiratory Journal ◽

10.1155/2002/958921 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 342-346 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

John K Reid ◽

Henrike Rees ◽

Donald Cockcroft

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Lung Function ◽

Symptom Onset ◽

Exercise Tolerance ◽

Lung Biopsy ◽

Term Survival ◽

Pulmonary Lymphangioleiomyomatosis ◽

Long Time ◽

Minimal Reduction

A patient with pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis was diagnosed more than 22 years after the onset of symptoms by a thoracoscopic lung biopsy, after a high resolution computerized tomogram of the chest was highly suggestive of the disease. After nearly 30 years since the onset of her symptoms, the patient leads a relatively normal life with only mildly abnormal lung function and has minimal reduction in her exercise tolerance. There have been few reports of patients surviving for such a long time after the onset of this disease; the literature suggests that most patients die within 15 years of symptom onset.

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Analysis of the relationship between corporate identity, image and reputation of the company

Tehnika ◽

10.5937/tehnika2104499v ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 76 (4) ◽

pp. 499-505

Author(s):

Milovan Vuković ◽

Aleksandra Vuković ◽

Ivana Mladenović-Ranisavljević ◽

Snežana Urošević

Keyword(s):

Corporate Reputation ◽

Relevant Literature ◽

Corporate Identity ◽

Corporate Image ◽

Economic Downturn ◽

Competitive Advantages ◽

Term Survival ◽

Whole Process ◽

Long Time

For a long time, corporate identity, corporate image and corporate reputation have been studied from a number of academic perspectives, due to their intangibility and their significant role in gaining an organization's competitive advantages. Recent business circumstances (for example, the economic downturn due to the Covid-19 pandemy) bring new challenges for companies and their long-term survival. The aim of this paper is to review the constructs of corporate identity, corporate image and corporate reputation, and, thus, to remove or reduce the misunderstanding of the three constructs in the relevant literature. After a thorough theoretical review, some influential conceptual models were examined, pointing out the role of communication in the whole process of corporate marketing.

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Long-Term Survival of Shiga Toxin-ProducingEscherichia coli O26, O111, and O157 in Bovine Feces

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.65.11.5177-5181.1999 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 65 (11) ◽

pp. 5177-5181 ◽

Cited By ~ 99

Author(s):

Hiroshi Fukushima ◽

Ken Hoshina ◽

Manabu Gomyoda

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Shiga Toxin ◽

Term Survival ◽

Long Term Survival ◽

Low Concentration ◽

Long Time ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Bovine Feces

ABSTRACT Cattle are an important reservoir of Shiga toxin-producingEscherichia coli (STEC) O26, O111, and O157. The fate of these pathogens in bovine feces at 5, 15, and 25°C was examined. The feces of a cow naturally infected with STEC O26:H11 and two STEC-free cows were studied. STEC O26, O111, and O157 were inoculated into bovine feces at 101, 103, and 105 CFU/g. All three pathogens survived at 5 and 25°C for 1 to 4 weeks and at 15°C for 1 to 8 weeks when inoculated at the low concentration. On samples inoculated with the middle and high concentrations, O26, O111, and O157 survived at 25°C for 3 to 12 weeks, at 15°C for 1 to 18 weeks, and at 5°C for 2 to 14 weeks, respectively. Therefore, these pathogens can survive in feces for a long time, especially at 15°C. The surprising long-term survival of STEC O26, O111, and O157 in bovine feces shows that such feces are a potential vehicle for transmitting not only O157 but also O26 and O111 to cattle, food, and the environment. Appropriate handling of bovine feces is emphasized.

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Temozolomide and Radiotherapy versus Radiotherapy Alone in High Grade Gliomas: A Very Long Term Comparative Study and Literature Review

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2015/620643 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Salvatore Parisi ◽

Pietro Corsa ◽

Arcangela Raguso ◽

Antonio Perrone ◽

Sabrina Cossa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Combined Treatment ◽

Haematological Toxicity ◽

High Grade ◽

Term Survival ◽

Long Time ◽

Radiotherapy Alone ◽

High Grade Gliomas ◽

Time Basis ◽

Grade 3

Temozolomide (TMZ) is the first line drug in the care of high grade gliomas. The combined treatment of TMZ plus radiotherapy is more effective in the care of brain gliomas then radiotherapy alone. Aim of this report is a survival comparison, on a long time (>10 years) span, of glioma patients treated with radiotherapy alone and with radiotherapy + TMZ.Materials and Methods. In this report we retrospectively reviewed the outcome of 128 consecutive pts with diagnosis of high grade gliomas referred to our institutions from April 1994 to November 2001. The first 64 pts were treated with RT alone and the other 64 with a combination of RT and adjuvant or concomitant TMZ.Results. Grade 3 (G3) haematological toxicity was recorded in 6 (9%) of 64 pts treated with RT and TMZ. No G4 haematological toxicity was observed. Age, histology, and administration of TMZ were statistically significant prognostic factors associated with 2 years overall survival (OS). PFS was for GBM 9 months, for AA 11.Conclusions. The combination of RT and TMZ improves long term survival in glioma patients. Our results confirm the superiority of the combination on a long time basis.

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Spatiotemporal movement pattern of Asian Elephants Elephas maximus Linnaeus, 1758 in Sindhudurg District, Maharashtra, India

Journal of Threatened Taxa ◽

10.11609/jott.5573.13.5.18099-18109 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 18099-18109

Author(s):

Milind Digambar Patil ◽

Vinayak Krishna Patil ◽

Ninad Avinash Mungi

Keyword(s):

Local Community ◽

Movement Pattern ◽

Vulnerability Index ◽

Elephas Maximus ◽

Crop Raiding ◽

Forest Department ◽

Narrow Strip ◽

State Forest Department ◽

Term Data

The extension of the Asian Elephant’s Elephas maximus range in the northern Western Ghats (Sahyadri) was observed since 2002. This colonization was marked by elephant crop raiding events in the newly colonized Sindhudurg District, where the local community had no experience of living with elephants. The present study was conducted to understand the spatiotemporal patterns of crop depredation (raiding) and to prioritize areas to inform future interventions on managing this ecological phenomenon turned conflict. Data on crop raiding between 2002 and 2015 was obtained from compensation records with the state forest department, and mapped at village scale. Subsequently, we used three indices of crop raiding, viz., Crop Raiding Frequency (CRF), Relative Crop Raiding Intensity (RCRI), and Crop Raiding Vulnerability Index (CRVI). Results show a gradual northern movement of elephants and of the crop raiding zone over the period of 2002–2015. The rankings provided by CRVI, identified villages in a narrow strip of foothills of the Sahyadri mountains as severely vulnerable. With sufficient long term data, CRVI would be a highly useful index for prioritization of villages for resolving human-elephant negative interactions; and other cases of human-wildlife interactions too.

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The development and overwintering survival of free-living larvae of Haemonchus contortus in Sweden

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1079/joh2005286 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 79 (4) ◽

pp. 373-379 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

K. Troell ◽

P. Waller ◽

J. Höglund

Keyword(s):

Haemonchus Contortus ◽

Practical Significance ◽

Southern Sweden ◽

Free Living ◽

Term Survival ◽

Commercial Flock ◽

Long Time ◽

Overwintering Survival ◽

Eggs And Larvae

AbstractFive complimentary studies were undertaken with the overall aim to examine the ability of free-living stages of Haemonchus contortus to over-winter and tolerate cold stress. Two studies deal with the development and long-term survival of eggs and infective larvae of two geographically different isolates (Kenya and Sweden). Eggs and larvae were monitored in climatic chambers at temperatures that fluctuated daily between −1°C and 15°C, or at constant temperatures of 5°C and 15°C. The development from egg to larvae was dependent on temperatures over 5°C. The long time survival was favoured at lower temperatures. Furthermore, the overwintering capacity of the free-living stages of these isolates was estimated under Swedish field conditions. Two groups of lambs were experimentally infected with different isolates, and kept separated on previously ungrazed plots. In early May the following year, two parasite-naive tracer lambs were turned out on each of the plots to estimate the pick up of overwintered larvae. This experiment was replicated in central and southern Sweden. In addition, two experiments were performed in 2003 on pasture previously grazed by naturally infected sheep. One trial was on a pasture in southern Sweden grazed by a commercial flock, where extreme numbers of H. contortus were found towards the end of the grazing season 2002. The other study was on a pasture plot in central Sweden grazed by a hobby flock in 2002, where three of six lambs died due to haemonchiasis. Overwintered H. contortus was recorded on three of four experimental sites. Worm burdens were in all instances extremely low. No differences in development and survival were found between the isolates. Consequently, overwintering on pasture is of no practical significance in the transmission of H. contortus between grazing-seasons in Sweden.

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A Combination of Systemic and Intracranial Anti-CD25 Immunotherapy Elicits a Long-Time Survival in Murine Model of Glioma

Journal of Oncology ◽

10.1155/2009/963037 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2009 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Marie-Denise Poirier ◽

Houda Haban ◽

Abdeljabar El Andaloussi

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Antitumor Immune Response ◽

Term Survival ◽

Long Term Survival ◽

Long Time ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

The Brain ◽

Gl261 Glioma ◽

New Strategies

Abrogating the suppression of glioma-infiltrating Tregs in the periphery and the central nervous system is essential to successful glioma rejection. We sought to improve the immune response in glioma-bearing mice, by investigating new strategies using the anti-CD25 immunotherapy. We found a complete long-term survival of glioma-bearing mice treated with a combination of systemic and intracranial anti-CD25 mAb immunotherapy as compared to systemic administration of anti-CD25 mAb. In addition, the group of mice that had been cured by the combined anti-CD25 mAb showed long-term survival without late tumor relapse when challenged with the GL261 glioma. The antitumor immune response was investigated by analysis of antitumor immune response (CTL). Results showed that the use of the combined injections of anti-CD25 mAb induced efficient targeting of Tregs expansion inside and outside of the brain and altered Tregs trafficking in the bone marrow and brain areas where antitumor immunity was primed.

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Therapeutic Effect of CAOLD Chemotherapy Regimen on Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma: A Case Study

Frontiers in Oncology ◽

10.3389/fonc.2021.758445 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Yu Liu ◽

Pingping Li ◽

Liren Qian

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

Cell Lymphoma ◽

Salvage Chemotherapy ◽

T Cell Lymphoma ◽

High Recurrence Rate ◽

Term Survival ◽

Angioimmunoblastic T Cell Lymphoma ◽

T Cell Lymphomas ◽

Long Time

Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) is a kind of peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) with a highly invasive feature. At present, patients are often treated with CHOP or CHOP-like regimens which is of poor prognosis whilst having high recurrence rate. Once the patient fails to achieve remission or relapse after the first-line treatment, many salvage chemotherapy regimens are always ineffective, and the long-term survival will be difficult to achieve for them. In this circumstance, more effective therapy methods are needed. In this study, two patients with relapsed/refractory AITL were treated with the CAOLD regimen [cyclophosphamide 400 mg/m2 qd d1, cytarabine 30 mg/m2 qd d1–d4, vindesine 2 mg/m2 qd d1, pegaspargase (PEG-ASP) 2,500 IU/m2 qd d2, dexamethasone 7.5 mg/m2 qd d1–d5], and long-term remission was achieved after chemotherapy. One is still alive after achieving complete remission (CR) after two cycles of chemotherapy, who has been followed up for 82 months. Besides, another patient achieved partial remission (PR) after the first course of chemotherapy. Then, CR was obtained after four courses of consolidation chemotherapy. The patient has been followed up for 63 months and is still alive. Both of them achieved long-time survival. These two successful cases demonstrated that the CAOLD regimen can be a better choice for relapsed/refractory AITL and offers hope of breakthrough in this medical field.

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Caspases and apoptosis

Essays in Biochemistry ◽

10.1042/bse0380009 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 38 ◽

pp. 9-19 ◽

Cited By ~ 121

Author(s):

Guy S Salvesen

Keyword(s):

Cysteine Proteases ◽

Signalling Pathways ◽

Term Survival ◽

Mature Adult ◽

Intracellular Signalling Pathways ◽

Adult Cell ◽

Caspase Family ◽

Cell Fragments ◽

Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

The ability of metazoan cells to undergo programmed cell death is vital to both the precise development and long-term survival of the mature adult. Cell deaths that result from engagement of this programme end in apoptosis, the ordered dismantling of the cell that results in its 'silent' demise, in which packaged cell fragments are removed by phagocytosis. This co-ordinated demise is mediated by members of a family of cysteine proteases known as caspases, whose activation follows characteristic apoptotic stimuli, and whose substrates include many proteins, the limited cleavage of which causes the characteristic morphology of apoptosis. In vertebrates, a subset of caspases has evolved to participate in the activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and thus members of the caspase family participate in one of two very distinct intracellular signalling pathways.

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