Dependence of the Endpoint Energy of X-Ray Radiation on the Preliminary Temperature Change during the Pyroelectric Source Operation in the Pulsed Mode

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 127-130
Author(s):  
A. N. Oleinik ◽  
E. V. Bolotov ◽  
M. E. Gilts ◽  
O. O. Ivashchuk ◽  
A. A. Klenin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Change ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Endpoint Energy ◽  
Pulsed Mode ◽  
Source Operation

Pyroelectric accelerator and X-ray source in pulsed mode

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (02) ◽  
pp. C02002-C02002 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.O. Ivashchuk ◽  
A.V. Shchagin ◽  
A.S. Kubankin ◽  
V.Y. Ionidi ◽  
A.S. Chepurnov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
X Ray ◽  
Pulsed Mode

X-Ray Characterization and Crystal Structure of SBT Doped with V2O5

2011 ◽  
Vol 287-290 ◽  
pp. 608-612
Author(s):  
Su Hua Lv ◽  
Shu Lang Guo ◽  
Hua Ji
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Temperature Change ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Ferroelectric Materials ◽  
Reaction Sintering ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Solid Reaction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Plate Shape

SBT Ferroelectric Materials are prepared by solid reaction sintering process after doping V2O5to SBT bulk and its properties are researched. The results show that this method can decrease sintering temperature , change the grains from rod to plate shape, increase grains size and lead to the grains growth with c-axis. And there are ferroelectric 90b domains in SBTV crystal .

scholarly journals Dynamic pulse-to-pulse thermal load effects in pulse-train-mode self-seeded X-ray free-electron laser

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 1725-1729
Author(s):  
Zhengxian Qu ◽  
Yanbao Ma ◽  
Guanqun Zhou ◽  
Juhao Wu
Keyword(s):  
Free Electron ◽  
Free Electron Laser ◽  
Thermal Load ◽  
Pulse Train ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Thermal Distortion ◽  
Spectral Transmission ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pulsed Mode ◽  
Load Effects

Thermal load has been a haunting factor that undermines the brightness and coherence of the self-seeded X-ray free-electron laser. Different from uniformly pulsed mode, in pulse train mode a thermal quasi-steady state of the crystal monochromator may not be reached. This leads to a dynamic thermal distortion of the spectral transmission curves and seed quality degradation. In this paper, the pulse-to-pulse thermal load effects on the spectral transmission curves and seed quality are shown, and some instructive information for the tuning process is provided.

scholarly journals Optimal speed of temperature change of a crystal in a pyroelectric X-ray radiation source

AIP Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 035207 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Kubankin ◽  
A. S. Chepurnov ◽  
O. O. Ivashchuk ◽  
V. Yu. Ionidi ◽  
I. A. Kishin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Change ◽  
Radiation Source ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Optimal Speed

scholarly journals Field induced crossover in critical behaviour and direct measurement of the magnetocaloric properties of La0.4Pr0.3Ca0.1Sr0.2MnO3

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sagar Ghorai ◽  
Ridha Skini ◽  
Daniel Hedlund ◽  
Petter Ström ◽  
Peter Svedlindh
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Temperature Change ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Mean Field ◽  
Critical Behaviour ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Ferromagnetic Transition ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Lattice Distortions

Abstract La0.4Pr0.3Ca0.1Sr0.2MnO3 has been investigated as a potential candidate for room temperature magnetic refrigeration. Results from X-ray powder diffraction reveal an orthorhombic structure with Pnma space group. The electronic and chemical properties have been confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and ion-beam analysis. A second-order paramagnetic to ferromagnetic transition was observed near room temperature (289 K), with a mean-field like critical behaviour at low field and a tricritical mean-field like behaviour at high field. The field induced crossover in critical behaviour is a consequence of the system being close to a first-order magnetic transition in combination with a magnetic field induced suppression of local lattice distortions. The lattice distortions consist of interconnected and weakly distorted pairs of Mn-ions, where each pair shares an electron and a hole, dispersed by large Jahn–Teller distortions at Mn3+ lattice sites. A comparatively high value of the isothermal entropy-change (3.08 J/kg-K at 2 T) is observed and the direct measurements of the adiabatic temperature change reveal a temperature change of 1.5 K for a magnetic field change of 1.9 T.

scholarly journals Processes connected with local laser heating of TiB2 armor ceramics

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Vlasova ◽  
Mykola Kakazey ◽  
Pedro Aguilar ◽  
Rene Tapia ◽  
Adalberto Hernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Oxides ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Irradiation Zone ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pulsed Mode ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown ◽  
Armor Ceramics ◽  
Temperature Heating ◽  
High Temperature Heating ◽  
Dense Films

The process of high-temperature heating of TiB2 armor ceramics in air in a continuous and pulsed mode of laser irradiation has been studied by the X-ray diffraction and SEM methods. It has been established that, in the irradiation zone, the temperature increases up to 3000 ?C and over, resulting in the decomposition of TiB2 and appearance of ablation products, which, in passage of air, oxidize and form dense films (in the pulsed mode) or ?reticulated? films (in the CW mode) consisting of boron and titanium oxides. The mechanism of laser-induced breakdown of TiB2 ceramics is similar to the mechanism of ballistic destruction.

Variation of X-Ray Spectral Line Position with Ambient-Temperature Change: A Source of Error in X-Ray Spectrography

1964 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 431-442
Author(s):  
Frederick S. Lee ◽  
William J. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Expansion ◽  
Spectral Line ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Temperature Change ◽  
Silicon Germanium ◽  
Peak Shift ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Bragg Angle ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Principal Axes

AbstractThe effect of temperature change on LiF, ADP, and EDDT analyzing crystals was studied by measuring the change In intensity of a selected X-ray spectral line while maintaining a constant 2θ position on the spectrometer. A change in interplanar spacing due to thermal expansion and contraction satisfactorily account for experimentally observed line shifts for LiF and ADP. EDDT showed a large unexplained decrease in reflectivity with increasing ambient temperature.An equation was developed to express the change in intensity at a constant 2θ position as an exponential function of temperature. In this equation the thermal expansion coefficients of the principal axes of the crystal, the width of the spectral line at half-height, and the Bragg angle appear as factors. Intensity changes due to peak shift were tabulated for LiF, ADP, NaCl, silicon, germanium, quartz, calcite, fiuorite, and topaz.

Research on the Softening and Disintegration Mechanism of Carbonaceous Shale

2013 ◽  
Vol 671-674 ◽  
pp. 274-279
Author(s):  
Xin Xi Liu ◽  
Zhong Jie Wu ◽  
Ge Wang ◽  
Zi Han Yang ◽  
Shi Xiong Tang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Temperature Change ◽  
Dynamic Characteristics ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Carbonaceous Shale ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mineral Particles ◽  
Scanning Electron

The microstructure and composition of carbonaceous shale are analyzed by using the scanning electron microscope and x-ray diffract meter, the dynamic characteristics of the disintegrating mechanism and microstructure are also studied. The results show: the connection between mineral particles of carbonaceous shale are destroyed under the action of water, the mineral particles will expand rapidly under the forces of sunlight and temperature change, generating uneven stress and micro-pores. The micro-pores will destroy the structure of rock and make the phenomenon of softening and disintegration. The results could provide a theoretical basis for the filling of carbonaceous shale embankment and the protection of slope.

Reaction Behavior of Carbon Dioxide With Liquid Sodium Pool

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinya Miyahara ◽  
Hiroyasu Ishikawa ◽  
Yoshio Yoshizawa
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Temperature Change ◽  
Initial Temperature ◽  
Liquid Sodium ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Reaction Behavior ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Experimental Parameters ◽  
Tube Failure

Reaction behavior of carbon dioxide (CO2) with a liquid sodium pool was experimentally investigated to understand the consequences of boundary tube failure in a sodium-CO2 heat exchanger. In this study, two kinds of experiments were carried out to investigate the reaction behavior. In one experiment, about 1–5g of liquid sodium pool were poured into flowing CO2 to obtain the information mainly about the thermo-chemical conditions to initiate the reaction and the chemical constituents of reaction products. During the experiment, visual observation was made using video-camera and the temperature change of the sodium pool and near the surface was measured by thermocouples. The experimental parameters were the sodium pool diameter, the initial temperature of sodium and CO2, the CO2 flow direction against pool surface, and the initial moisture concentration in CO2. The solid products of sodium-CO2 reaction were sampled and analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersion X-ray analysis (EDX), Total Organic Carbon analysis (TOC), and chemical analysis. The reaction gas products were also sampled and analyzed by gas chromatography. In the other experiment, CO2 was injected into about 200g of liquid sodium pool to simulate the boundary failure in the sodium-CO2 heat exchanger. The CO2 was fed through a helical coil-type tube dipped into the pool to adjust the temperature to the sodium pool temperature, and injected upward into the pool from a pool bottom using a nozzle attached at the end-side of the tube. The experimental parameters were the initial temperature of sodium, the diameter of the nozzle, the flow rate and the injection time of CO2. The temperature change of sodium pool and the cover gas was measured by thermocouples during the experiment, and the reaction products were sampled and analyzed by the same manner as in the former experiments after the experiment. From these experiments, it became clear that the exothermic reaction occurred above a threshold temperature, and useful and indispensable information such as the resulting temperature and pressure rise and the behavior of solid reaction products in the pool was obtained to evaluate the consequences of boundary tube failure incident in a sodium-CO2 heat exchanger.

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