Reaction Behavior of Carbon Dioxide With Liquid Sodium Pool

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinya Miyahara ◽  
Hiroyasu Ishikawa ◽  
Yoshio Yoshizawa
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Temperature Change ◽  
Initial Temperature ◽  
Liquid Sodium ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Reaction Behavior ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Experimental Parameters ◽  
Tube Failure

Reaction behavior of carbon dioxide (CO2) with a liquid sodium pool was experimentally investigated to understand the consequences of boundary tube failure in a sodium-CO2 heat exchanger. In this study, two kinds of experiments were carried out to investigate the reaction behavior. In one experiment, about 1–5g of liquid sodium pool were poured into flowing CO2 to obtain the information mainly about the thermo-chemical conditions to initiate the reaction and the chemical constituents of reaction products. During the experiment, visual observation was made using video-camera and the temperature change of the sodium pool and near the surface was measured by thermocouples. The experimental parameters were the sodium pool diameter, the initial temperature of sodium and CO2, the CO2 flow direction against pool surface, and the initial moisture concentration in CO2. The solid products of sodium-CO2 reaction were sampled and analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersion X-ray analysis (EDX), Total Organic Carbon analysis (TOC), and chemical analysis. The reaction gas products were also sampled and analyzed by gas chromatography. In the other experiment, CO2 was injected into about 200g of liquid sodium pool to simulate the boundary failure in the sodium-CO2 heat exchanger. The CO2 was fed through a helical coil-type tube dipped into the pool to adjust the temperature to the sodium pool temperature, and injected upward into the pool from a pool bottom using a nozzle attached at the end-side of the tube. The experimental parameters were the initial temperature of sodium, the diameter of the nozzle, the flow rate and the injection time of CO2. The temperature change of sodium pool and the cover gas was measured by thermocouples during the experiment, and the reaction products were sampled and analyzed by the same manner as in the former experiments after the experiment. From these experiments, it became clear that the exothermic reaction occurred above a threshold temperature, and useful and indispensable information such as the resulting temperature and pressure rise and the behavior of solid reaction products in the pool was obtained to evaluate the consequences of boundary tube failure incident in a sodium-CO2 heat exchanger.

Effect of TiO2 addition on the combustion synthesis in the Ti–B4C system

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 1327-1333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Shen ◽  
Binglin Zou ◽  
Qichuan Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Temperature ◽  
Ignition Delay Time ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Reaction Behavior ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tio2 Addition ◽  
Favorable Reaction ◽  
Addition Amount ◽  
Velocity Decrease

The effects of TiO2 addition on the reaction behavior, product, and mechanism in the Ti–B4C system were investigated in this study. The reaction could be self-sustaining for the TiO2 addition no more than ∼33% of the total weight of the reactants. With an increase in the TiO2 addition, the combustion temperature and wave velocity decrease progressively, the ignition delay time first decreases and then increases, while the constituents of the reaction products do not vary significantly unless the relative addition content of TiO2 exceeds ∼22 wt%. Therefore, TiO2 could be used as a favorable reaction regulator for the Ti–B4C system. The reaction mechanism, as determined by differential thermal analysis and combustion front quenching experiment in combination with subsequent x-ray diffraction examination, is changed more or less by the addition of TiO2 with the extent depending on the addition amount.

Malonenamidoxim, Nickelkomplexe und deren ßeaktionsprodukte mit Sauerstoff und Kohlendioxid: Vergleichende Strukturuntersuchungen / Malonenamide Oxime, Nickel Complexes, and their Reaction Products with Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide: Comparative Structural Studies

1982 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 1255-1265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmut Endres ◽  
Nasser Kadkhodai-Elyaderani
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Structure Analysis ◽  
Macrocyclic Ligand ◽  
Nickel Complexes ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Structural Studies ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ethanol Solvate ◽  
Methylene Groups

Abstract Malonenamide oxime [HONC(NH2)CH2C(NH2)NOH = C3H8N4O2] (1), its bis-chelate complex with Ni(II) [Ni(C3H7N4O2)2] (2) and an ethanol solvate of this complex [Ni(C3H7N4O2)2 · 0.6 C2H5OH] (3) are characterized by X-ray structure analysis, as well as a paramagnetic tris-complex [Ni(C3H7N4O2)2(C3H8N4O2)] (4), which forms a catena structure in the crystal. The molecular structures of two reaction products of 2 with air are described: [Ni(C3H5N4O3)2(H2O)2] · 4 H2O (5) has formed by oxidation of the methylene groups and may be taken as a complex of mesoxalamide oxime; [NiC8H16N8O8] · 6 H2O (6) has a macrocyclic ligand which is a derivative of orthocarbonic acid, formed by addition of carbon dioxide to the oxime groups.

Experimental investigation of reaction behavior between carbon dioxide and liquid sodium

2011 ◽  
Vol 241 (5) ◽  
pp. 1319-1328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinya Miyahara ◽  
Hiroyasu Ishikawa ◽  
Yoshio Yoshizawa
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Liquid Sodium ◽  
Reaction Behavior

CO2 Reduction to Propanol by Copper Foams: A Pre- and Post-Catalysis Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Rudd ◽  
Ewa Kazimierska ◽  
Louise B. Hamdy ◽  
Odin Bain ◽  
Sunyhik Ahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Surface Composition ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Structural Rearrangement ◽  
Copper Electrode ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Copper Electrodes

The utilization of carbon dioxide is a major incentive for the growing field of carbon capture. Carbon dioxide could be an abundant building block to generate higher value products. Herein, we describe the use of porous copper electrodes to catalyze the reduction of carbon dioxide into higher value products such as ethylene, ethanol and, notably, propanol. For <i>n</i>-propanol production, faradaic efficiencies reach 4.93% at -0.83 V <i>vs</i> RHE, with a geometric partial current density of -1.85 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>. We have documented the performance of the catalyst in both pristine and urea-modified foams pre- and post-electrolysis. Before electrolysis, the copper electrode consisted of a mixture of cuboctahedra and dendrites. After 35-minute electrolysis, the cuboctahedra and dendrites have undergone structural rearrangement. Changes in the interaction of urea with the catalyst surface have also been observed. These transformations were characterized <i>ex-situ</i> using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. We found that alterations in the morphology, crystallinity, and surface composition of the catalyst led to the deactivation of the copper foams.

Nano-Folded Gold Electrocatalysts Enhance the Selectivity of Carbon Dioxide Reduction

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kam Sang Kwok ◽  
Yuxuan Wang ◽  
Michael Cao ◽  
Hao Shen ◽  
Weinan Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Mass Transport ◽  
Gold Film ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Thin Gold Film ◽  
Faradaic Efficiency ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Carbon Monoxide Formation ◽  
Catalytic Interfaces

<p>The local structure and geometry of catalytic interfaces can influence the selectivity of chemical reactions. Here, using a pre-strained polymer, we uniaxially compress a thin gold film to form a nano-folded catalyst. We observe two kinds of folds and can tune the ratio of loose to tight folds by varying the extent of pre-strain in the polymer. We characterize the nano-folded catalysts using x-ray diffraction, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. We observe grain reorientation and coarsening in the nano-folded gold catalysts. Electroreduction of carbon dioxide with these nano-folded catalysts reveals an enhancement of Faradaic efficiency for carbon monoxide formation by a factor of about four. This result suggests that electrolyte mass transport limitations and an increase of the local pH in the tight folds of the catalyst outweigh the effects of alterations in grain characteristics. Together, our studies demonstrate that nano-folded geometries can significantly alter grain characteristics, mass transport, and catalytic selectivity. </p>

scholarly journals Enhancing removal efficiency of anionic dye (Cibacron blue) using waste potato peels powder

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kahina Bouhadjra ◽  
Wahiba Lemlikchi ◽  
Azedine Ferhati ◽  
Samuel Mignard
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Potato Peel ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cibacron Blue ◽  
Anionic Dye ◽  
Experimental Parameters ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Potato Peels ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractIn the present study, the potato peel waste (PP) was used for the removal of the anionic dye Cibacron Blue P3R from an aqueous solution, activated with phosphoric acid (PPa) and calcined at 800 °C (PPc). The materials were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope, Energy dispersive X-ray analysis and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. The effects of various experimental parameters (pH, dye concentration, contact time) were also studied. The experimental results have shown that PPc has a greater capacity compared to pp and ppa. The capacity of PP bio-char (PPc) is 270.3 mg g−1 compared to PP (100 mg g−1) and PPa (125 mg g−1). Equilibrium experiments at 180 min for all materials were carried out at optimum pH (2.2): 76.41, 88.6 and 94% for PP, PPa and PPc respectively; and the Langmuir models agreed very well with experimental data. The ability of sorbent for the sorption of CB dye follows this order: calcined > activated > native materials. Potato peel biochar (PPc) can be considered a promising adsorbent for removing persistent dyes from water.

scholarly journals Numerical Analysis of Liquid–Liquid Heat Pipe Heat Exchanger Based on a Novel Model

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 589
Author(s):  
Qilu Chen ◽  
Yutao Shi ◽  
Zhi Zhuang ◽  
Li Weng ◽  
Chengjun Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Heat Pipe ◽  
Temperature Change ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Change Trend ◽  
Liquid Heat ◽  
Novel Model ◽  
Pipe Heat ◽  
Vapor Temperature

Heat pipe heat exchangers (HPHEXs) are widely used in various industries. In this paper, a novel model of a liquid–liquid heat pipe heat exchanger in a countercurrent manner is established by considering the evaporation and condensation thermal resistances inside the heat pipes (HPs). The discrete method is added to the HPHEX model to determine the thermal resistances of the HPs and the temperature change trend of the heat transfer fluid in the HPHEX. The established model is verified by the HPHEX structure and experimental data in the existing literature and demonstrates numerical results that agree with the experimental data to within a 5% error. With the current model, the investigation compares the effectiveness and minimum vapor temperature of the HPHEX with three types of HP diameters, different mass flow rates, and different H* values. For HPs with a diameter of 36 mm, the effectiveness of each is improved by about 0.018 to 0.029 compared to HPs with a diameter of 28 mm. The results show that the current model can predict the temperature change trend of the HPHEX well; in addition, the effects of different structures on the effectiveness and minimum vapor temperature are obtained, which improve the performance of the HPHEX.

scholarly journals Joining of SiO2 glass and 316L stainless steel using Bi–Ag-based active solders

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 3444-3454
Author(s):  
Felix Weber ◽  
Markus Rettenmayr
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
316L Stainless Steel ◽  
Dissimilar Materials ◽  
Intermetallic Phases ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Cast State ◽  
Metallic Component ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Solder Interface

Abstract Active brazing is a commonly used method for joining dissimilar materials with at least one non-metallic component. In the present study, joining of SiO2 glass to 316L stainless steel was performed utilizing Bi–Ag-based solders. Ti up to a concentration of 4 and Mg up to 1 wt.% were added as active elements. Microstructures of the solder alloys in the as-cast state and of cross sections of the joined compounds were analysed using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. In the as-cast state of the solder, Ti is found in Bi–Ti intermetallic phases; Mg is partially dissolved in the fcc-(Ag) phase and additionally contained in a ternary Ag-Bi-Mg phase. After soldering, a tight joint was generated using several alloy compositions. Ti leads to the formation of reaction products at the steel/solder and glass/solder interfaces, and Mg is exclusively accumulated at the glass/solder interface.

scholarly journals Investigation and Possibilities of Reuse of Carbon Dioxide Absorbent Used in Anesthesiology

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 5052
Author(s):  
Bartłomiej Rogalewicz ◽  
Agnieszka Czylkowska ◽  
Piotr Anielak ◽  
Paweł Samulkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Powder Diffraction ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Closed Circuit ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Absorption ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Absorbent

Absorbents used in closed and semi-closed circuit environments play a key role in preventing carbon dioxide poisoning. Here we present an analysis of one of the most common carbon dioxide absorbents—soda lime. In the first step, we analyzed the composition of fresh and used samples. For this purpose, volumetric and photometric analyses were introduced. Thermal properties and decomposition patterns were also studied using thermogravimetric and X-ray powder diffraction (PXRD) analyses. We also investigated the kinetics of carbon dioxide absorption under conditions imitating a closed-circuit environment.

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