Clinico-echographic manifestation of endometritis in cows

2021 ◽  
pp. 72-76
Author(s):  
D. Kuznetsova
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Ultrasound Examination ◽  
Basal Layer ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Chronic Endometritis ◽  
Ultrasound Diagnostics ◽  
Uterine Mucosa ◽  
Intermediate Cells

Purpose: to study the clinical and echographic manifestation of endometritis.Materials and methods. Clinical and echographic research was carried out on 19 red-and-white cows, in the conditions of the agricultural farm of the Druzhba breeding plant, Pavlovsky district, Voronezh region on the 30-32th day after calving using the Easi-Scan scanner from BCF Technology Ltd, Scotland. Before ultrasound examination to establish the diagnosis, all animals were examined, transrectal palpation of the uterus. Simultaneously with the ultrasound examination, a cytological study of the uterine mucosa was carried out. For this purpose, a probe was constructed from a metal catheter intended for artificial insemination of cows with sequins by the deep cervical method with rectal fixation of the cervix; a cytobrush of the Juno probe was attached to the tip of the instrument. To confirm the diagnosis, a laboratory study of cervical mucus was additionally carried out by the express method according to Whiteside, modified by N. I. Polyantsev and Yu. N. Popov.Results. According to the results of rectal examination and ultrasound diagnostics, the cows were divided into three groups: clinically healthy, animals with clinically pronounced chronic endometritis and with latent endometritis. In the group of healthy animals, individual superficial and vacuolated intermediate cells (6.17 ± 0.51) and single neutrophils (2.31 ± 0.32) were detected in smears. In the group of clinically healthy cows, no gram-positive coccobacillary microorganisms and cells of the basal layer of the uterine mucosa were detected. In the second group, in animals with clinically pronounced chronic endometritis, a large number of segmented neutrophils, lymphocytes and a large number of cocci were detected in smears. Thus, in one visual field, the number of gram-positive cocobacillary microorganisms fluctuated on average 764.45 ± 4.56 microbial bodies, while the number of neutrophils increased in comparison with clinically healthy animals by 20.84 times and averaged 48.14 ± 2 in the group. , 91, the percentage of the score averaged around 12.1%. Simultaneously with an increase in the number of leukocytes in animals, the number of epithelial cells of the uterine mucosa increased by 2.21 times, while individual basal cells were detected simultaneously with superficial and intermediate cells (0.75 ± 0.48). In smears obtained from animals of the third group of cows, there was a significant decrease in the number of coccobacillary microorganisms to 75-360 in one visual field in comparison with similar results in the group with a clinically pronounced form of chronic endometritis. The indicator for segmented neutrophils was 8.05 times higher than in clinically healthy cows, while in relation to clinically sick cows by 61.4% and amounted to 18.60 ± 2.23. In terms of the number of superficial, vacuolated intermediate and basal cells in sick animals with chronic clinically pronounced endometritis and latent endometritis, no significant changes were revealed (1.08 times), while in relation to clinically healthy animals, these indicators were 2.38 times higher. The degree of variation in the number of epithelial cells in the group of cows with latent chronic endometritis was insignificant, which indicates the stability of the trait.Conclusion. Ultrasound scanning allows you to identify the latent form of endometritis and establish degenerative changes in the tissues of the uterus. Ultrasound examination in cows in establishing a diagnosis - endometritis should be the decisive diagnostic method.

Keratin expression in human mammary epithelial cells cultured from normal and malignant tissue: relation to in vivo phenotypes and influence of medium

1989 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Taylor-Papadimitriou ◽  
M. Stampfer ◽  
J. Bartek ◽  
A. Lewis ◽  
M. Boshell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Mammary Epithelial Cells ◽  
Basal Layer ◽  
Reduction Mammoplasty ◽  
Mammary Epithelial ◽  
Luminal Cell ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Cells Cultured

The luminal and basal epithelial cells in the human mammary gland can be distinguished in tissue sections on the basis of the pattern of keratins they express. Moreover, the invasive cells in primary carcinomas show a keratin profile that corresponds to that of the dominant luminal cell (7, 8, 18, 19). When homogeneous populations of luminal epithelial cells from milk or from breast cancer metastases are cultured the profile of keratin expression seen in vivo is maintained. We have therefore used monospecific antibodies reactive with individual keratins to examine the phenotype of cells cultured in three different media from reduction mammoplasty tissue that contains both luminal and basal cells. The phenotype of cells cultured from primary breast cancers in one of these media (MCDB170) has also been examined. In characterizing cell phenotypes, antibodies to a polymorphic epithelial mucin (PEM) expressed in vivo by luminal cells, and to smooth muscle (a) actin, expressed in vivo by basal cells, have also been used. Our results show that proliferation of different cell phenotypes is selected for in different media. In milk mix (MX) developed for growth of luminal cells from milk, only the luminal cell phenotype proliferates (for only 1 or 2 passages). In medium MCDB 170, which was developed for long-term growth of human mammary epithelial cells from reduction mammoplasty organoids, cells from the basal layer proliferate, while in MM medium the basal phenotype dominates, but a few cells with the luminal phenotype are found. Around passage 3, in medium MCDB 170, most cells senesce and a subpopulation of cells proliferates on further passage. These cells retain expression of the basal epithelial keratins but also express some features characteristic of luminal epithelial cells, suggesting that the basal layer may contain a stem cell that can develop along the luminal lineage. In culture, however, they do not express keratin 19, which in vivo is a feature of the fully differentiated luminal cell. The cells cultured from primary breast cancer in medium MCDB 170 have a similar keratin profile to that of the normal cells cultured in this medium. They do not express keratin 19, even though the invasive cells in primary cancers homogeneously express this keratin in vivo. The invasive phenotype, which in its keratin profile corresponds to the differentiated luminal cell and that of the metastatic cancer lines, cannot be cultured from primary breast cancers using MX, which supports proliferation of the corresponding normal cell.

Quantitative ultrastructure of gill epithelial cells in the larval lamprey Petromyzon marinus

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1150-1164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Mallatt ◽  
Steven J. Lampa ◽  
J. Franklin Bailey ◽  
Marc A. Evans ◽  
Wayne Tate
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Basal Layer ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Superficial Layer ◽  
Ion Uptake ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Pavement Cells ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Quantitative Ultrastructure

Cells and organelles in the respiratory epithelium of the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) gill were measured in electron micrographs of plastic-embedded sections to provide baseline data for future quantitative studies of how toxicants affect gill morphology. Stereology was used, based on the [Formula: see text] method for determining cell volumes. The method was checked against unbiased methods and was shown to be accurate within 12%. We found that cells in the basal layer of the epithelium, basal cells, are smaller (averaging 338 μm3) and contain smaller volumes of most organelles, than cells in the superficial layer. These features suggest that basal cells are either undifferentiated or differentiating cells. The superficial layer contains larger, more specialized cells: presumed ion-uptake cells (817 μm3) and mucous-pavement cells (548 μm3). Ion-uptake cells contain the largest volume of mitochondria (270 μm3), consistent with the high energy demands of ion transport. Mucous-pavement cells contain the largest volume of secretory vesicles (55 μm3), presumably for coating the lamellae with protective mucus. A new cell type was discovered, with features intermediate between basal cells and mucous-pavement cells, suggesting that the former cells transform into the latter. Volumes of gill epithelial cells are independent of animal size.

Etiological structure and diagnosis of abnormal uterine bleeding

GYNECOLOGY ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
G E Chernukha ◽  
I A Ivanov ◽  
Z N Efendieva ◽  
M R Dumanovskaya ◽  
A V Asaturova
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Endometrial Hyperplasia ◽  
Ultrasound Examination ◽  
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding ◽  
Uterine Bleeding ◽  
Histological Diagnosis ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Endometrial Polyps ◽  
Chronic Endometritis ◽  
Endometrial Pathology

Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is one of the most common indications for hysteroscopy. Most of the AUB cases occur due to endometrial or myometrium pathology. Among it, endometrial polyps (EP) and chronic endometritis (CE) prevalent in reproductive age, while endometrial hyperplasia (EH) and EP dominate in perimenopause. It was determined that EP and CE are characterized with menorrhagia and metrorrhagia approximately equally, whereas EH reveals AUB with oligomenorrhoea. Verification of exact endometrial pathology by ultrasound examination is hindered, that results in deviations of ultrasound and histological diagnosis. The usage of ultrasound data and AUB’s characteristics may improve the diagnostic accuracy on preadmission period.

Opportunities of ultrasound diagnostics of lung injury in SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19): a clinical case

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (11) ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
G. V. Neklyudova ◽  
А. V. Chernyak ◽  
N. А. Tsareva ◽  
S. N. Аvdeev
Keyword(s):  
Lung Injury ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Ultrasound Examination ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Early Recovery ◽  
Acute Period ◽  
Ultrasound Diagnostics ◽  
Early Recovery Period

The article describes a clinical case demonstrating the results of the lungs ultrasound examination in the COVID-19 patient during the acute period of the disease and early recovery period.

scholarly journals Role of Jagged1-mediated Notch Signaling Activation in the Differentiation and Stratification of the Human Limbal Epithelium

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1945
Author(s):  
Sheyla González ◽  
Maximilian Halabi ◽  
David Ju ◽  
Matthew Tsai ◽  
Sophie X. Deng
Keyword(s):  
Notch Signaling ◽  
Progenitor Cell ◽  
Basal Layer ◽  
Notch Signaling Pathway ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Proliferation Markers ◽  
Limbal Epithelium ◽  
Asymmetric Divisions ◽  
Signaling Activation

The Notch signaling pathway plays a key role in proliferation and differentiation. We investigated the effect of Jagged 1 (Jag1)-mediated Notch signaling activation in the human limbal stem/progenitor cell (LSC) population and the stratification of the limbal epithelium in vitro. After Notch signaling activation, there was a reduction in the amount of the stem/progenitor cell population, epithelial stratification, and expression of proliferation markers. There was also an increase of the corneal epithelial differentiation. In the presence of Jag1, asymmetric divisions were decreased, and the expression pattern of the polarity protein Par3, normally present at the apical-lateral membrane of basal cells, was dispersed in the cells. We propose a mechanism in which Notch activation by Jag1 decreases p63 expression at the basal layer, which in turn reduces stratification by decreasing the number of asymmetric divisions and increases differentiation.

Another role for melanocytes: their importance for normal stria vascularis development in the mammalian inner ear

Development ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.P. Steel ◽  
C. Barkway
Keyword(s):  
Neural Crest ◽  
Basal Cell ◽  
Stria Vascularis ◽  
Normal Adult ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Cochlear Duct ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
Marginal Cells ◽  
Intermediate Cells ◽  
And Function

The stria vascularis of the mammalian cochlea is composed primarily of three types of cells. Marginal cells line the lumen of the cochlear duct and are of epithelial origin. Basal cells also form a continuous layer and they may be mesodermal or derived from the neural crest. Intermediate cells are melanocyte-like cells, presumably derived from the neural crest, and are scattered between the marginal and basal cell layers. The marginal cells form extensive interdigitations with the basal and intermediate cells in the normal adult stria. The stria also contains a rich supply of blood vessels. We investigated the role of melanocytes in the stria vascularis by studying its development in a mouse mutant, viable dominant spotting, which is known to have a primary neural crest defect leading to an absence of recognisable melanocytes in the skin. Melanocytes were not found in the stria of most of the mutants examined, and from about 6 days of age onwards a reduced amount of interdigitation amongst the cells of the stria was observed. These ultrastructural anomalies were associated with strial dysfunction. In the normal adult mammal, the stria produces an endocochlear potential (EP), a resting dc potential in the endolymph in the cochlear duct, which in mice is normally about +100 mV. In our control mice, EP rose to adult levels between 6 and 16 days after birth. In most of the mutants we studied, EP was close to zero at all ages from 6 to 20 days. Melanocyte-like cells appear to be vital for normal stria vascularis development and function. They may be necessary to facilitate the normal process of interdigitation between marginal and basal cell processes at a particular stage during development, and the lack of adequate interdigitation in the mutants may be the cause of their strial dysfunction. Alternatively, melanocytes may have some direct, essential role in the production of an EP by the stria. Melanocytes may be important both for normal strial development and for the production of the EP. We believe this is the clearest demonstration yet of a role for migratory melanocytes other than their role in pigmentation.

scholarly journals Effects of a 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching agent on rat oral epithelium proliferation

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo de Castro Albuquerque ◽  
Ricardo Santiago Gomez ◽  
Rodrigo Aliprandi Dutra ◽  
Wallison Arthuso Vasconcellos ◽  
Renato Santiago Gomez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Topical Application ◽  
Basal Layer ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Oral Epithelium ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Immunohistochemical Expression ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Peroxide Bleaching ◽  
Short Course

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the influence of short course topical application of carbamide peroxide on proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunohistochemical expression in the oral tongue mucosa of rats. Twelve male Wistar rats were submitted to topical application of 10% carbamide peroxide on one side of the dorsal tongue once a week for three consecutive weeks. Only distilled water was applied on the control side. The animals were killed on days 0, 10, and 20 after the last application. The tongue was fixed in buffered formalin for 24 h and embedded in paraffin. Tissue blocks (3 µm) were subjected to the biotin-streptavidin amplified system for identification of PCNA. The percentage of epithelial-positive basal cells in each side of the tongue mucosa was calculated. The results demonstrated that topical application of 10% carbamide peroxide increases PCNA immunohistochemical expression on the basal layer of the oral mucosa epithelium of rats on day 0 after treatment. In conclusion, short-course use of carbamide peroxide induces transient epithelial cell proliferation of the oral mucosa of rats.

IV. Paneth cell antimicrobial peptides and the biology of the mucosal barrier

1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (2) ◽  
pp. G257-G261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre J. Ouellette
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Paneth Cell ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Paneth Cells ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Intermediate Cells

The hypothesis that epithelial cells release preformed antibiotic peptides as components of mucosal innate immunity has gained experimental support in recent years. In the mammalian small intestine, Paneth cells secrete granules that are rich in α-defensins and additional antimicrobial peptides into the lumen of the crypt. The α-defensins are homologues of peptides that function as mediators of nonoxidative microbial cell killing in phagocytic leukocytes, and they are potent microbicidal agents in in vitro assays. Because certain mouse α-defensins stimulate cultured epithelial cells to secrete chloride ion, those peptides appear to be capable of interacting directly with the apical membranes of neighboring cells and perhaps influencing crypt physiology. In instances of crypt disruption or induced Paneth cell deficiency, crypt intermediate cells appear to compensate by accumulating and secreting Paneth cell antimicrobial peptides. Challenges for the future will be to understand the mechanisms of this epithelial plasticity and to show that Paneth cells contribute directly to innate immunity in the crypt microenvironment.

scholarly journals Coordinate expression of cytokeratins 7 and 14, vimentin, and Bcl-2 in canine cutaneous epithelial tumors and cysts

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason B. Pieper ◽  
Adam W. Stern ◽  
Suzette M. LeClerc ◽  
Karen L. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
Basal Layer ◽  
Dermal Papilla ◽  
Myoepithelial Cells ◽  
Vimentin Expression ◽  
Outer Root Sheath ◽  
Apocrine Glands ◽  
Coordinate Expression ◽  
Epithelial Tumors

Forty-seven canine cutaneous epithelial tumors and cysts were examined to determine coordinate expression of cytokeratins 7 (CK7) and 14 (CK14), vimentin, and Bcl-2 using commercially available antibodies. Within non-affected normal skin adjacent to tumors or cysts, CK7 expression was observed in luminal cells in apocrine glands; CK14 expression was observed in the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, basal layer of outer root sheath, sebaceous glands, and myoepithelial cells of apocrine glands; vimentin expression was observed in dermal papilla and scattered non-epithelial cells within the epidermis; and Bcl-2 expression was observed in scattered non-epithelial cells in the epidermis and some apocrine glands. The pattern of expression of CK7 and CK14 in cases of adenocarcinoma of the apocrine gland of the anal sac (CK7+/CK14–) and hepatoid gland tumors (CK7–/CK14+) may prove useful for diagnostic purposes. Loss of expression of CK14 and vimentin, identifying myoepithelial cells, was observed in apocrine and ceruminous adenocarcinomas. Differences in patterns of expression of Bcl-2 were observed between infundibular keratinizing acanthomas compared to trichoepitheliomas.

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