Characteristics of population genetic and breeding parameters of the traits of milk productivity of black-and-white and Holstein cows of the Republic of Kazakhstan

2022 ◽  
pp. 48-58
Author(s):  
A. Kharzhau ◽  
A. Shamshidin ◽  
A. Sermyagin ◽  
K. Zhumanov
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Breeding Parameters ◽  
Black And White ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

Purpose: determination of the selection and genetic parameters of the daily milk productivity of black-and-white and Holstein cows to characterize the population.Materials and methods. The studies were carried out using a database formed on the basis of the information and analytical management system of animal husbandry in the Republic of Kazakhstan (RK) for daily control milking of Holstein and black-and-white cows. The sample included indicators of milk productivity for three lactations of animals bred in 43 herds: I lactation - 14 482 records (3130 cows and 391 bull fathers), II lactation - 13 656 records (2734 cows and 537 bull fathers), III lactation - 4,911 records (886 cows and 260 bull fathers).Results. Phenotypic variability indices (CvP) by lactation varied: daily milk yield - 34.1 ... 38.8%, MJ - 9.8 ... 11.6%, BMD - 6.7 ... 8.6%, SCS - 32.5 ... 37.8%. The additive genetic variability (CvA) was lower and ranged for: daily milk yield - 22.9 ... 27.0%, MJ - 3.8 ... 4.7%, BMD - 2.6 ... 3.1%, SCS - 13 , 8 ... 14.7%. The heritability of indicators of milk productivity on average for three lactations was: in terms of milk yield - h2 = 0.440, percentage of fat - h2 = 0.155, percentage of protein - h2 = 0.121, SCS - h2 = 0.161. Evaluation of the dynamics of changes in daily milk yield and SCS showed the standard nature of the shape of lactation curves with the values ​​of the determination coefficient of the phenotypic trend equation, respectively, R2 = 69.9 ... 86.4% and R2 = 11.8 ... 20.5%. An increase in the number of recorded days of control milking from 1 to 10 increased the accuracy of the forecast of the breeding value (EBV) of animals for signs of milk production by 1.7-2.4 times. Evaluation of cows by their own productivity for milk yield with optimal values ​​of forecast reliability over 70% can be carried out on the basis of 4 control milking units. At the same time, for the percentage of fat and protein, SCS, the number of observations to achieve reliable EBV results ranged from 8 to 10. Based on the average values ​​of the breeding value of cows, the population genetic characteristics of the farmed cattle in the Republic of Kazakhstan were determined in the context of breeds, country and region (population) origin. Holstein animals (+54.3 kg of milk) were characterized by the highest EBV values. Among imported cows, the best breeding value forecast was obtained for cows imported from Germany (+63.3 kg of milk). For the Kazakh population of cattle, leading positions in terms of genetic prognosis were achieved in East Kazakhstan region (KZF, +334.4 kg of milk). A principal component analysis based on an assessment of the breeding value of cows showed clear differentiation by breed level, country and region of origin of the livestock. The most significant differences were found for animals originated in the Kostanay region (KZP).Conclusion. Analysis of the results of population-genetic and breeding parameters of the characteristics of milk productivity of black-and-white and Holstein cattle showed that there are necessary prerequisites for the development of their own breeding base, increasing the efficiency of selection of animals for breeding groups.

scholarly journals Productivity of fi rst-calf cows of different sire lines

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 58-64
Author(s):  
A. G. Kolchev
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
White Breed ◽  
High Level ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

The results of the study of milk productivity and lactation rates of fi rst-calf cows are presented. The research into fi rst-calf cows of black-andwhite Holstein breed, belonging to sire lines of Wis Ideal 1013415 and Refl ection Sovereign 198998 was conducted in 2018 in Novosibirsk region. The number of cows under study was 64, the period of the study covered 305 days of lactation. Monitoring of milk production, milk fl ow intensity, fat and protein content was carried out monthly. The research materials were analyzed for groups of cows depending on their sire line and productivity for single and daily milk yield, fat and protein content, and dynamics of milk ejection for the fi rst 3 minutes of milking. The highest daily milk yield in both lines was observed in the second month of lactation. In the fourth and fi fth months of lactation, the average daily milk yield of Refl ection Sovereign cows was signifi cantly higher (р < 0.001) than that of their peers of the Vis Ideal line, by 1.3 kg. During the lactation period, the productivity of the Vis Ideal and Refl ection Sovereign cows was almost the same: milk yield – 8296 and 8220 kg, fat content – 4.02 and 4.06%, protein – 3.36 and 3.35% and milk fl ow intensity – 2.70 and 2.78 kg/min, respectively. In the second and third months of lactation, cows of both lines had a decrease in the content of fat, protein and intensity of milk fl ow with a gradual increase in these indices in the fourth and fi fth months of lactation. First-calf cows of the black-and-white breed of Canadian selection of different sire lines showed a high level of milk productivity and proved to be suitable for further breeding work.

scholarly journals Genetic parameters of milk productivity for three lactations of Holstein cattle with different genotypes of LEP gene

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 00061
Author(s):  
Tahir M. Akhmetov ◽  
Natalia Yu. Safina ◽  
Azat M. Alimov ◽  
Margarita I. Varlamova
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Allelic Polymorphism ◽  
Dna Testing ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Lep Gene ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

The research presents the findings of DNA testing of allelic polymorphism by the AC-PCR method of the LEP gene. The research was conducted among 172 Holstein cows at Integrated Agricultural Production Centre “Stud farm named after Lenin” in Atninsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan in 2017–2018. All genotypes of the LEP gene were identified through the research. Associations of the leptin gene polymorphism with dynamics of milk production during three lactations of Holstein cows were established. The best indicators for all three lactations were found in a group of animals with the TT genotype of the LEP gene. These individuals are characterized by increased milk yield, a high yield index, and tend to increase the average daily milk yield during three lactations. These individuals are characterized by increased milk yield, a high milk yield index, and tend to increase the average daily milk yield during three lactations.

COMPARATIVE DESCRIPTION OF MILK PRODUCTIVITY OF COWS UKRAINIAN RED-AND-WHITE DAIRY CATTLE AND UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE DAIRY CATTLE AND HOLSTEIN BREEDS IN SERF «OLEKSANDRIVSKE»

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 6-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. Gladiy ◽  
G. S. Kovalenko ◽  
S. V. Priyma ◽  
G. A. Holyosa ◽  
A. V. Tuchyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
The Third ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Selection Of

The main goal of dairy breeds selection should be improving breeding and productive qualities of animals under modern conditions. The majority of farms, using native breeds to produce milk, has created optimal conditions for keeping and feeding, selection and matching, growing of replacements etc. Further improvement of created native dairy breeds for economically useful traits occurs at total use of purebred Holstein bulls (semen) of foreign selection. In order to realistically assess milk productivity (milk yield, fat content in milk and fat yield) of Ukrainian Black-and-White and Red-and-White Dairy cows should be conducted a comparative analysis of Holstein cows under the same conditions of feeding and keeping. It was established that Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cows were characterized by the highest milk yields for 305 days of all lactations, taken into account, the among three investigated breeds. Their milk yield during the first lactation was 5933 kg of milk, during the second – 6393 kg, the third – 6391 kg and during higher lactation – 6650 kg. Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cows were second by milk yield (except for the second lactation), during the first lactation – 5932 kg of milk, the third – 6462 kg and higher – 6541 kg, and Holstein cows were third, during the first lactation – 5794 kg of milk, the second – 6381 kg, the third – 6335 kg and higher – 6469 kg. The fat content was almost the same and varied within 3.49-3.58% in milk of Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cattle, 3.50-3.60% in milk of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cattle and 3.50-3.56% in Holsteins’ milk. The difference between the breeds was within 0.01-0.04%. All the investigated breeds had predominance in fat yield for three lactations over standards of these breeds: Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cows from 75.1 to 93.4 kg, Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cows – 75.1-89.0 kg respectively and Holstein cows – 41.9-60.2 kg. It was found different level of positive correlation between milk yield and fat yield in all the cases and high correlation (r = 0.604-0.921, P < 0.001) in five cases (41.7%) Negative correlation coefficients indicate that selection of animals to higher milk yield in the herd will decrease the second trait – fat content in milk. Positive and highly significant correlation between milk yield and fat yield indicates that selection of cows in the herd to higher milk yields will increase fat yield. It was revealed that bulls were among the factors impacted the milk productivity (milk yield, fat content, fat yield) of three investigated breeds. So, the force (η²x) of father’s impact on milk yield was15.4-47.9%, fat content – 22.0-43.4% and fat yield – 14.9-47.7% taking into account a lactation and a breed. The force of lines impact (η²x) was second; it was on milk yield 6.1-24.5%, fat content – 4.1-17.1 and fat yield – 5.8-23.5%. The force of breeds impact (η²x) was last; it was on milk yield 0.3-2.9%, fat content – 0.2-0.3% and fat yield – 0.6-2.7%. So, the comparative studies of milk productivity of Ukrainian Red-and-White and Black-and-White Dairy cattle with Holsteins indicate that under similar conditions of feeding and keeping, these native breeds can compete with Holstein cattle. The milk yield for 305 days of higher lactation was 6650 kg of milk in Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cows, 6541 kg in Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cows and 6469 kg in Holsteins. It was found the inverse correlation r = -0.025-0.316 between milk yield and fat content in milk in most cases. Selection and matching of animals in the herd should be carried out simultaneously on these traits. It was found positive repeatability of milk yields between the first and second, the third and higher lactations (rs = 0.036-0.741), indicating the reliability of forecasting increase in milk productivity during the next lactations in all herd. Bulls have the greatest impact (η²x) on milk productivity among the factors taken into account: milk yield – 15.4-47.9%, fat content in milk – 22.0-43.4% and fat yield – 14.9-47.7%.

scholarly journals Modeling Daily Milk Yield in Holstein Cows Using Time Series Analysis

1990 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 539-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.A. Deluyker ◽  
R.H. Shumway ◽  
W.E. Wecker ◽  
A.S. Azari ◽  
L.D. Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Series Analysis ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

scholarly journals Is rumenocentesis a safe technique to collect rumen fluid in dairy cows?

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. PANOUSIS ◽  
G. KITKAS ◽  
G. E. VALERGAKIS
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Safe Technique ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

Subacute ruminal acidosis is a major issue in dairy cattle and a definite diagnosis is only established by measuring the rumen fluid pH, most credibly collected by rumenocentesis. However, due to its invasive nature, there is still some debate whether it is a safe method or poses risks for cows’ health and welfare. The aim of the study was to retrospectively evaluate the safety of rumenocentesis as a technique to obtain rumen fluid in dairy cows. Results were derived from 2 studies. In study 1, rumenocentesis was performed in 153 Holstein cows from 12 herds, once, between 10 and 90 days in milk (DIM). In study 2, 83 Holstein cows from a dairy farm were repeatedly subjected to rumenocentesisat 30, 90 and 150 DIM. From the 83 cows that were initially enrolled, 8 were culled before the end of the study for reasons irrelative to rumenocentesis; therefore, 236 rumenocenteses were actually performed in study 2 (3 times in 75 cows, twice in 3 cows and once in 5 cows). All cows were monitored for 10 days after rumenocentesis for presence of complications. In addition, daily milk yield was automatically recorded for each cow in study 2 to detect any possiblepost-rumenocentesis short-term reduction of milk yield. Minor only complications were recorded in 7 cases: in 4/153 (2.61%) and 3/236 (1.27%) rumenocenteses in studies 1 and 2, respectively. Small diameter abscesses in 6 cows (3 in study 1 and 3 in study 2) and a larger one in 1 cow in study 1 were observed. The 3 small abscesses in study 2 were all recorded after the 1st rumenocentesis, at DIM 30. All 7 cases were resolved spontaneously within two weeks. Moreover, short-term daily milk yield of study 2 cows was not affected by rumenocentesis. The conclusion is that rumenocentesis is a safe technique to collect small volume of rumen fluid for SARA diagnosis, which does not compromise cows’ health and welfare when appropriately performed.

scholarly journals Development and optimization of the equations of the mixed BLUP model for the evaluation of the breed value of bulls-producers of the golstin black-motioned breed of the Republic of Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
K. Zh. Zhumanov ◽  
T. N. Karymsakov ◽  
M. A. Kineev ◽  
A. D. Baimukanov
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Value ◽  
Residual Variance ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Scientific Principles ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
White Breed ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Basic Approaches

The relevance of research. Currently the methodological base for assessing the breeding qualities of bulls-producers of dairy and milk-meat breeds by the quality of offspring is carried out in accordance with the Instruction approved by the MA of the Republic of Kazakhstan in 2007. The principle of assessment, set out in the Instruction, is to compare the phenotypic indicators of the offspring with each other according to the principle of “peer daughter”. Although this document was approved already in the XXI century, nevertheless the basic approaches, which were put the basis, were developed in the first half of the last century and currently do not correspond to modern scientific principles. At the same time the world leaders in the field of breeding in dairy cattle breeding have been successfully using the BLUP method in breeding practice to assess the breeding qualities of animals for decades. This principle of assessing the breeding value of bulls is the most theoretically grounded and allows you to obtain results comparable to each other. Therefore the development and optimization of the equations of mixed BLUP models is extremely relevant for the conditions of the Republic of Kazakhstan from both scientific and practical points of view.Material and research methods. The material of the research was the data on the phenotypic indicators of the signs of milk productivity of first-calf cows of the Holstein black-and-white breed obtained from the republican database of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2016-2017. As a criterion for choosing the best equation the residual variance values of each model under study were used.Results: when improving the method for assessing bulls-sires of the Holstein black-and-white breed according to the quality of offspring, out of the four studied equations of the mixed BLUP model one equation was optimized to assess the breeding qualities of the sires. In principle, to assess the breeding qualities of producers by the quality of offspring it is possible to use any of the models under consideration, since the established differences for all analyzed characteristics of milk productivity are insignificant (no more than 6%)

scholarly journals LEVEL OF FEEDING AND THE DYNAMICS OF MILK YIELDS OF AYRSHIRE BREED OF COWS AFTER FIRST CALVING

2021 ◽  
Vol 246 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-87
Author(s):  
O.V. Zelenina ◽  
◽  
E.V. Ermoshina ◽  
M.A. Gerasimova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Ayrshire Breed ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk ◽  
Pronounced Peak

Evaluation of the nutritional value of feed mixtures for lactation periods of the Ayrshire first-calf breed showed that in the first period there is an excess of dry matter and easily digestible protein in the diet, and a lack of sugar in all periods. The consumption of energy and nutrients for the synthesis of 1 kg of milk was optimal. For 305 days of lactation, an average of 7653 kg of milk per cow was obtained after the first calving, and the maximum daily milk yield was recorded in the second month of lactation. The research of lactation curves showed that highly productive cows have a more pronounced peak of milk yield in the first lactation months; the level of milk productivity remains high up to 9-10 months of the lactation period.

scholarly journals Monitoring of production use of cows in dairy herd conditions with highly productive breeding livestock

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-215
Author(s):  
N. V. Kazarovets ◽  
T. V. Pavlova ◽  
K. A. Moiseev
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Technical Program ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
White Breed ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Productivity Potential

 Over the past decades, in many countries with developed dairy cattle breeding milk yield per cow per lactation has significantly increased, and period of cow productive use has been significantly reduced. The average duration of cow use in many countries is 2.5–2.8 lactations, and this is not enough for sustainable implementation of genetic potential of animals, which is revealed only at the 5–6th lactations. There is an increase in milk productivity and improvement of exterior type of black-and-white breed of cows in the Republic of Belarus, which is due to the use of Holstein cattle with outstanding milk productivity potential and a well-defined milk exterior type, however, as in other countries, there is a decrease in cow use period. The paper presents the results of monitoring of production use of cows in dairy herd conditions with highly productive breeding livestock. 5670 Holsteinized cows of Belarusian black-and-white breed were evaluated in two herds. The main causes of cows culling are determined, effect of genetic (blood level of Holstein breed, level of fathers and mothers performance) and paratypic (age of the 1st calving, level of heifers milking, inter-calving period, service period, results of the first insemination) factors for the life-long milk performance and cow use period. Correlation and heritability of indicators of productive longevity of cows is determined. A system of arrangement and breeding measures to improve longevity of highly productive livestock has been developed. Implementation of the developed system will allow to improve the integrated indices of breeding value of bulls and dairy cows and increase profitability of milk production by increasing the period of use of dairy herd maternal livestock.  Acknowledgments. The work was carried out as part of the state research and technical program “Agropromcomplex – sustainable development” for 2011–2015 sub-task 3.3.1 on topic “Develop system of breeding work with maternal livestock of Holsteinized dairy herds of different productivity levels”. 

scholarly journals Application of correlation and regression analysis in the selection of black-and-white cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 282 ◽  
pp. 07020
Author(s):  
I.M. Donnik ◽  
O.S. Chechenikhina
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Correlation And Regression Analysis ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Daily Milk

The use of the method of correlation-regression analysis as the most widespread method of statistical processing of experimental data makes it possible to organize the selection of animals according to the leading characteristics of productivity. A positive and high correlation was established between milk yield and milk yield in all groups of studied animals (r = from 0.64 to 0.90), and between milk yield in 305 days of lactation and the highest daily milk yield - only in groups of Reflection Sovering and Montvik Chieftain cows. (r = 0.65 to 0.92). Cows of the Vis Back Aydial line have higher correlation coefficients between indicators of milk composition (r = from 0.72 to 0.91, depending on the trait). The calculation of the regression coefficients showed that in the studied groups of animals with an increase in the coefficient of constancy of lactation, the coefficient of milk production and the indicator of the highest daily milk yield per unit, the amount of milk for 305 days of lactation increased by an average of 1.63 - 221.04 kg.

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