Modernization of monitoring system of tir pressure for forest and agricultural machines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. V. Grigoryev ◽  
◽  
O. A. Kunitskaya ◽  
Yu. V. Lanskikh ◽  
S. Yu. Sandakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Tire Pressure ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Innovative Methods ◽  
Logging Industry ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Agricultural Machines

Technical solutions that can be implemented to increase mileage of tires up to 35%, eliminate the emergency of tires of forest and agricultural machines, reduce fuel consumption, increase cross-country ability and stability of machines, reduce damage of soil of cutting areas are discussed. These innovative methods for management of durability of tires are already widely used abroad, in leading transport companies in Russia, at large agricultural enterprises, but are still not known in the logging industry. The main competitive advantages of these technical solutions are simplicity of the construction, installation and operation, as well as low cost. As a result of the analysis of the existing tire pressure monitoring systems, the authors suggest the principle of improving the construction, which increases its reliability and reduces the cost.

scholarly journals Enhanced Neutralization of HIV by Antibodies Displayed on the S-Layer of Caulobacter crescentus

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
pp. 5547-5552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Duval ◽  
Christopher J. Lewis ◽  
John F. Nomellini ◽  
Marc S. Horwitz ◽  
John Smit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Caulobacter Crescentus ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Innovative Methods ◽  
Hiv Antibodies ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Anti Hiv Agents ◽  
Anti Hiv ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACTInnovative methods of prevention are needed to stop the more than two million new HIV-1 infections annually, particularly in women. Local application of anti-HIV antibodies has been shown to be effective at preventing infection in nonhuman primates; however, the concentrations needed are cost prohibitive. Display of antibodies on a particulate platform will likely prolong effectiveness of these anti-HIV agents and lower the cost of goods. Here, we demonstrate that the bacteriumCaulobacter crescentusand its highly expressed surface-layer (S-layer) protein can provide this antibody display platform. Caulobacters displaying protein G, alone or with CD4 codisplay, successfully captured HIV-1-specific antibodies and demonstrated functional neutralization. Compared to soluble antibodies, a neutralizing anti-HIV antibody displayed onCaulobacterwas as effective or more effective at neutralizing diverse HIV-1 isolates. Moreover, when an antibody reactive with an epitope induced by CD4 binding (CD4i) was codisplayed with CD4, there was significant enhancement in HIV-1 neutralization. These results suggest that caulobacters displaying anti-HIV antibodies offer a distinct improvement in the use of antibodies as microbicides. Furthermore, these reagents can specifically evaluate anti-HIV antibodies in concert with other HIV-1 blocking agents to assess the most suitable tools for conversion to scFvs, allowing for direct display within the S-layer protein and further reducing cost of goods. In summary,C. crescentus, which can be easily produced and chemically stabilized at low cost, is well suited for engineering as an effective platform, offering an inexpensive way to produce and deliver HIV-1-specific microbicides.

scholarly journals Lightweight Crypto Stack for TPMS Using Lesamnta-LW

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Yuhei Watanabe ◽  
Hideki Yamamoto ◽  
Hirotaka Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Tire Pressure ◽  
Session Key ◽  
Pseudorandom Functions ◽  
Cryptographic Primitive ◽  
Tire Pressure Monitoring System ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cyberphysical System ◽  
Key Derivation

Modern vehicles which have internal sensor networks are one of the examples of a cyberphysical system (CPS). The tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS) is used to monitor the pressure of the tires and to inform the driver of them. This system is mandatory for vehicles in the US and EU. To ensure the security of TPMS, it is important to reduce the cost of the cryptographic mechanisms implemented in resource-constrained devices. To address this problem, previous works have proposed countermeasures employing lightweight block ciphers such as PRESENT, SPECK, or KATAN. However, it is not clear to us that any of these works have addressed the issues of software optimization that considers TPMS packet protection as well as session key updates for architectures consisting of the vehicle TPMS ECU and four low-cost TPMS sensors equipped with the tires. In this paper, we propose the application of ISO/IEC 29192-5 lightweight hash function Lesamnta-LW to address these issues. When we apply cryptographic mechanisms to a practical system, we consider the lightweight crypto stack which contains cryptographic mechanisms, specifications for the implementation, and performance evaluation. Our approach is to apply the known method of converting Lesamnta-LW to multiple independent pseudorandom functions (PRFs) in TPMS. In our case, we generate five PRFs this way and then use one PRF for MAC generation and four for key derivation. We use the internal AES-based block cipher of Lesamnta-LW for encryption. Although we follow the NIST SP 800-108 framework of converting PRFs to key derivation functions, we confirm the significant advantage of Lesamnta-LW-based PRFs over HMAC-SHA-256 by evaluating the performance on AVR 8-bit microcontrollers, on which we consider simulating TPMS sensors. We expect that our method to achieve multiple purposes with a single cryptographic primitive will help us to reduce the total implementation cost required for TPMS security.

scholarly journals PECULIARITIES OF THE FORMATION OF COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES

2018 ◽  
pp. 278-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ihor Yatsiv ◽  
Svitlana Yatsiv
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Quality Of Products

For agricultural enterprises, as well as other subjects of entrepreneurial activity, the acquisition of competitive advantages connected with lower costs and high quality of products becomes actual one. In this research, we have used the method that allows establishing the prevailing approaches and the main results of the formation of competitive advantages of agricultural enterprises. It is based on the analytical grouping of a set of enterprises. They can serve the criteria of competitive advantages or competitiveness of economic entities. It is revealed that the majority of agricultural enterprises of the region under study can see only cost savings in the theory of low cost savings and. It can lead to a decrease in the productivity of land and animals. The effect in the form of lower cost is a short-term one and it does not ensure the formation of a stable competitive advantage. A strategy, which is focused on obtaining a competitive advantage in the form of a higher selling price, applies a limited range of agricultural producers. The approaches, which are the basis for the strategies of large enterprises that can attract significant financial resources into production, are characterised. They focus on increasing their shares in the markets of agricultural products and resources. The often show in the report losses from the main activities.

Introduction to Low Cost/Cost Effective Automation

Robotica ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-H. Erbe
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Guide Field ◽  
Automation Systems ◽  
Control Community ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Real World Problems

I. INTRODUCTIONThe contributions to this issue aim to provide robotics and, in general, the automatic control community with results of research and applications focused on the cost-effectiveness of automation systems.Low Cost Automation or Cost Effective Automation promotes cost oriented reference architectures and development approaches that properly integrate human skill and technical solutions, includes decentralized process control strategies, addresses automation integrated with information processing, as well as automation of non-sophisticated and easily handled operations for production maintenance.Low Cost Automation is not an oxymoron like military intelligence or jumbo shrimps. It opposes the rising cost of sophisticated automation and propagates the use of innovative and intelligent solutions at an affordable cost. The concept can be regarded as a collection of methodologies aiming at exploiting tolerance of imprecision or uncertainties to achieve tractability, robustness and, in the end, low cost solutions. Mathematically, elegant designs of automation systems are often not feasible because of neglecting real world problems, i.e. they are failure-prone and therefore often very expensive for their users.Low Cost Automation does not mean basic or poor performance control. The design of automation systems considers their life cycle with respect to their costs. For example, machine vision, despite in some cases costly components, properly applied can reduce the overall cost. It is used to guide field robots, identifying and assembling parts, and to sort out agricultural products.

REEQUIPMENT OF A CULTIVATOR FOR SPREADING GRAIN ON STUBBLE

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (141) ◽  
pp. 132-139
Author(s):  
PETR TABAKOV ◽  
◽  
VASILIY TABAKOV ◽  
ALEKSEY TABAKOV ◽  
ALEKSANDR TABAKOV ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Optimal Area ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Sown Area ◽  
Agricultural Machines

Compared to 1990, the Chuvash Republic's acreage decreased by 25 percent. The gross production of agricultural products is also reduced accordingly. One of the most important ways to maintain the efficiency of the machine and tractor fleet is the modernization of existing equipment. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in reequipment of the cultivator into a sowing unit for scattered sowing on stubble, testing it in the field, organizing mass production and applying a patent for its design. (Materials and methods) The article shows the possibility of converting the cultivator into a sowing unit for grain crops of scattered sowing on stubble without tillage from decommissioned agricultural machines in the conditions of agricultural enterprises. (Results and discussion) The main reserve for reducing the cost of crop production is the use of combined tillage and sowing machines, which allow several operations to be performed in one pass of the unit. the standard cultivator paw was upgraded with a stand from the cultivator-deep cultivator KFG-3,6 for scattered seeding. It was proved that the cost of modernization is minimal; a patent was applied. (Conclusions) With the intra-soil spread method of sowing grain crops, one can get the optimal area of plant nutrition by placing them evenly in the soil. Since 22 percent of the sown area in the Middle Volga region is subject to wind and water erosion, the use of resource-saving seeding technologies becomes even more relevant. The method of reequipping the cultivator for sowing grain crops will make it possible to sow acreage that is empty due to a lack of agricultural machinery.

scholarly journals Fuel Cells Based on Natural Polysaccharides for Rail Vehicle Application

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1144
Author(s):  
Paweł Daszkiewicz ◽  
Beata Kurc ◽  
Marita Pigłowska ◽  
Maciej Andrzejewski
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Innovative Methods ◽  
Rail Vehicles ◽  
Independent Power Supply ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
The Cost

This manuscript shows the use of natural polysaccharides such as starch and cellulose as a carbon source for fuel cells. To achieve this, two innovative methods of obtaining hydrogen have been shown: by adsorption and by enzyme. The carbonization path of the material results in excellent sorption properties and allows gas with high efficiency to be obtained. The enzymatic method for the degradation of the compound is more expensive because specific enzymes (such as laccase, tyrosinase) must be used, but it allows greater control of the properties of the obtained material. A scientific novelty is the use of natural raw materials, the use of which increases the biodegradability of the electrochemical system and also reduces the cost of raw materials and increases the range of their acquisition. Energy should be generated where it is used. Another goal is decentralization, and thanks to the proposed solutions, hydrogen cells represent an innovative alternative to today’s energy giants—also for independent power supply to households. The proposed harvesting paths are intended to drive rail vehicles in order to reduce emissions and secondary pollution of the environment. The goals of both methods were easy recycling, high efficiency, increased environmental friendliness, low cost and a short hydrogen production path.

Advance Protection for Three Phase Induction Motor using Microcontroller Atmega32

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Karan S Belsare ◽  
Gajanan D Patil
Keyword(s):  
Induction Motor ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Cost Factor ◽  
Protection Scheme ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
The Cost

A low cost and reliable protection scheme has been designed for a three phase induction motor against unbalance voltages, under voltage, over voltage, short circuit and overheating protection. Taking the cost factor into consideration the design has been proposed using microcontroller Atmega32, MOSFETs, relays, small CTs and PTs. However the sensitivity of the protection scheme has been not compromised. The design has been tested online in the laboratory for small motors and the same can be implemented for larger motors by replacing the i-v converters and relays of suitable ratings.

Janus – A New Approach to Air Combat Pilot Training

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-22
Author(s):  
Georges Bridel ◽  
Zdobyslaw Goraj ◽  
Lukasz Kiszkowiak ◽  
Jean-Georges Brévot ◽  
Jean-Pierre Devaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Training System ◽  
Embedded Sensors ◽  
Pilot Training ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Combat Aircraft ◽  
Air Combat ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Advanced jet training still relies on old concepts and solutions that are no longer efficient when considering the current and forthcoming changes in air combat. The cost of those old solutions to develop and maintain combat pilot skills are important, adding even more constraints to the training limitations. The requirement of having a trainer aircraft able to perform also light combat aircraft operational mission is adding unnecessary complexity and cost without any real operational advantages to air combat mission training. Thanks to emerging technologies, the JANUS project will study the feasibility of a brand-new concept of agile manoeuvrable training aircraft and an integrated training system, able to provide a live, virtual and constructive environment. The JANUS concept is based on a lightweight, low-cost, high energy aircraft associated to a ground based Integrated Training System providing simulated and emulated signals, simulated and real opponents, combined with real-time feedback on pilot’s physiological characteristics: traditionally embedded sensors are replaced with emulated signals, simulated opponents are proposed to the pilot, enabling out of sight engagement. JANUS is also providing new cost effective and more realistic solutions for “Red air aircraft” missions, organised in so-called “Aggressor Squadrons”.

TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF A DEVICE FOR THE PREVENTION OF APNEA DURING PHYSIOLOGICAL SLEEP IN HUMANS

2020 ◽  
pp. 198-210
Author(s):  
Сергей Борисович Казаков ◽  
Дмитрий Михайлович Шишов ◽  
Антон Игоревич Ларин ◽  
Александр Петрович Николаев ◽  
Аза Валерьевна Писарева
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Humidity Sensor ◽  
Lung Ventilation ◽  
High Price ◽  
Device Structure ◽  
Artificial Lung Ventilation ◽  
Exact Moment ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Physiological Sleep

В статье представлен обзор существующих технических решений в сфере мониторинга и предотвращения апноэ во сне. Произведён анализ существующих аппаратов для предотвращения апноэ, который показал, что на рынке присутствует большое количество импортных моделей, однако они имеют довольно высокую цену. Разработанный нами Российский аналог проектируемого аппарата, при схожих характеристиках, будет иметь более привлекательную цену, чем у импортных приборов. Интегрирование датчика влажности в персональную маску пациента даёт возможность отслеживать остановки дыхания пациента во время сна, и тем самым включать процесс принудительной подачи дыхательной смеси именно в тот момент, когда она необходима для устранения патологии. Целью научной работы является разработка конструкции прибора и создание алгоритма программы для управления аппарата искусственной вентиляции лёгких для предотвращения апноэ во сне. Показана разработка структуры устройства аппарата. Подобран компрессор и датчик влажности с обоснованными характеристиками для создания аппарата, а также основные элементы. Разработана конструкция корпуса аппарата и разработана компоновка. Выполнено технико-экономическое обоснование разработки аппаратно-программного комплекса для предотвращения апноэ во сне. Показано, что себестоимость готового изделия достаточно конкурентна The article presents an overview of existing technical solutions in the field of monitoring and prevention of sleep apnea. An analysis of existing devices for preventing apnea was made, which showed that there are a large number of imported models on the market, but they have a fairly high price. The Russian analog of the designed device developed by us, with similar characteristics, will have a more attractive price than that of imported devices. The integration of the humidity sensor into the patient's personal mask makes it possible to monitor the patient's breathing stops during sleep, and thus enable the process of forced delivery of the respiratory mixture at the exact moment when it is necessary to eliminate the pathology. The purpose of the research is to develop the device design and create a program algorithm for controlling the artificial lung ventilation device to prevent sleep apnea. The development of the device structure is shown. The compressor and humidity sensor with reasonable characteristics for creating the device, as well as the main elements are selected. The design of the device body and its layout were developed. A feasibility study for the development of a hardware and software system for preventing sleep apnea has been completed. It is shown that the cost of the finished product is quite competitive

Microcontroller Device for Conductor Identification Using Acoustic Signal

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Aleksandr V. Vinogradov ◽  
Aleksey V. Bukreev
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Signal ◽  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Electrical Circuit ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Electrical Wiring ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Technical Solutions

When repairing and replacing electrical wiring in enterprises, the main difficulty is the lack or poor quality of documentation, plans for conductors laying. Distinguishing wires (cables) and their cores by the color of the shells or using tags attached to the ends is difficult if the shells have the same color and there are no tags. Devices and technical solutions used to identify wires and cables do not allow recognizing conductors without breaking the electrical circuit, removing insulation, and de-energizing the network. Searching for the right conductor is a time-consuming operation. (Research purpose) The research purpose is developing a new microcontroller device for identifying wires using an acoustic signal. (Materials and methods) Literature sources has been searched for devices for conductors identifying. (Results and discussion) The article proposes a method that involves feeding an acoustic signal to a wire at one point and capturing it at another, in order to recognize the desired wire. The article presents results of comparison of the developed microcontroller device for identifying conductors using an acoustic signal with known devices and methods for conductors recognizing. (Conclusions) The article reveals the shortcomings of existing methods and means of identifying wires and cables. Authors performed a theoretical calculation of the sound pressure in the conductor at a given distance. The article presents the calculation of speed of acoustic waves in conductors with different types of insulation. Authors designed a microcontroller device for identifying conductors using an acoustic signal and tested it. It was determined that the device increases the safety of work, reduces the cost of operating internal wiring and identification time; eliminates the violation of wire insulation, the need to disable electrical receivers. The convergence of theoretical calculations and experimental data was shown.

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