scholarly journals Photosynthetic activity of white lupine plants depending on growing technology and hydrothermal conditions

1970 ◽  
pp. 134-142
Author(s):  
A.V. Holodna ◽  
O.O. Stolyar ◽  
H.H. Remez
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Biological Origin ◽  
Foliar Fertilization ◽  
Growth Stimulator ◽  
White Lupine

Purpose. Intensification of photosynthetic activity of white lupine plants in order to increase the grain yield by applying a fungicide, growth stimulator of plants of biological origin and foliar fertilization of crops with micronutrients in the critical periods of the growing season. Methods. Field (to study the interaction of the object of study with biotic and abiotic factors); morphophysiological (for biological control over the development of productivity elements by stages of organogenesis); weight (to establish the parameters of the crop structure elements and determine the yield of grain); statistical (statistical processing of the research results). Results. The results of the research on the influence of biological preparations, in particular fungicide and plant growth stimulator, as well as foliar feeding with microfertilizers in chelated form in different stages of organogenesis, on leaf surface formation and dry matter accumulation by the Chabansky variety white lupine plants are presented. Correlations have been established between the level of those indicators and the average daily air temperatures and the amount of precipitation during the growing season. Conclusions. To maximize the genetic potential of the Chaban lupine variety, the technology of its cultivation should include sowing seeds treated with bioinoculant in combination with a bioprotector, application of a biostimulator of plant growth and development and foliar fertilization of plants with microfertilizer at the second stage of organogenesis. Formation of the leaf surface of white lupine plants and their accumulation of dry matter are significantly influenced by weather conditions during April-July.

scholarly journals Formation of white lupine productivity depending on the fertilization and pre-sowing seed treatment

2019 ◽  
pp. 62-69
Author(s):  
A. V. Holodna
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Foliar Nutrition ◽  
Biological Origin ◽  
Growth Stimulator ◽  
White Lupine ◽  
Sowing Seed

Purpose. Intensification of generative development of white lupine plants in order to increase the rate of crop yield using the inoculant, fungicide and plant growth stimulator of biological origin and foliar nutrition with microfertilizer in the optimum time. Methods. Field (to study the interaction of the object of research with biotic and abiotic factors); morphophysiological (for biological control of the development of productivity elements in the stages of organogenesis); weighing (to set parameters of indices of the yield structure elements and determine grain yield); statistical (statistical processing of research results).Results. The article presents the results of research on the influence of bio-agents, in particular inoculant, fungicide and plant growth stimulator as well as foliar nutrition with microfertilizer in chelate form in various stages of organogenesis on the generative development of white lupine plants of «Chabanskyi» variety with an intermediate type of stem branching, formation of the elements of productivity and plant productivity. The optimal time period for foliar nutrition of plants is identified. It is established that the formation of the maximum mass of grain by plants in the experiment (13 g) requires the technology of white lupine growing that involves application of N30P45K90, planting of seeds treated with bio-inoculant BTU-r and bio-fungicide MikoHelp at a wide row spacing and seeding rate of 1.0 million seeds per hectare, spraying of plants in the branching phase with plant growth stimulator ‘Ratchet’ and foliar nutrition with micro-fertilizer Trazeks in the second stage of organogenesis.

scholarly journals Formation of photosynthetic parameters of winter wheat crops under foliar fertilization and herbicide application

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. O. Cherniak
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Foliar Fertilization ◽  
Net Productivity ◽  
Stress Agent ◽  
Photosynthetic Potential

Purpose. To study agronomic measures for the care of winter wheat: the use of foliar fertilization and protection against weeds with sulfonylureas. Methods. Field and laboratory. Results. It was investigated that the application of Bioforge anti-stress fertilizer did not significantly affect the growth of photosynthetic potential of crops, as the leaf surface area was not significantly different. In addition to the area of the photosynthetic leaf surface, there is a more accurate indicator, that is net productivity of photosynthesis, which can, in our opinion, more accurately show whether the effects of plant protection products against weeds lead to changes in physiological processes in the plant. the mechanism of action of the anti-stress agent is somewhat different. After all, the organization of the photosynthetic apparatus of plants can be such that for a relatively small area of leaves you can get better rates of dry matter accumulation. The best indicators of photosynthetic potential for the use of plant protection products in autumn were identified with the use of such products as Granstar Pro 75, WG, Logran 75, WG, Harmony 75, WG, for introduction into the phenophase BBCH 10–13, and in spring for use in BBCH 27–29 in combination with Bioforge and separately. However, the introduction of PIC 75, WG, to form the best photosynthetic potential of winter wheat crops should be carried out in the phase of BBCH 7–9 in autumn or spring in BBCH 25–26. We also investigated that the use of Bioforge anti-stress fertilizer did not significantly affect the growth of photosynthetic potential of crops. Conclusions. It was determined that the use of the anti-stress agent Bioforge had a positive effect on the condition of plants and their accumulation of dry matter. Accordingly, the best indicators of net productivity of wheat photosynthesis were obtained with the use in autumn of such products as Granstar Pro 75, WG, Logran 75, WG, Harmony 75, WG, for introduction into the phenophase BBCH 10–13, and spring for use in BBCH 27–29 in combination with Bioforge. However, the introduction of PIC 75, WG, to form the best photosynthetic potential of winter wheat crops should be carried out in the phase of BBCH 7–9 in autumn or spring in BBCH 25–26 in combination with Bioforge.

scholarly journals Preliminary Study on Effect of Early Defoliation on Dry Matter Accumulation and Storage of Reserves on ‘Abbé Fétel’ Pear Trees

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 2169-2177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Mesa ◽  
Sara Serra ◽  
Andrea Masia ◽  
Federico Gagliardi ◽  
Daniele Bucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Sink Strength ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Pear Trees

Annual accumulation of starch is affected by carbon reserves stored in the organs during the growing season and is controlled mainly by sink strength gradients within the tree. However, unfavorable environmental conditions (e.g., hail events) or application of management practices (e.g., defoliation to enhance overcolor in bicolor apple) could influence the allocation of storage carbohydrates. This preliminary research was conducted to determine the effects of early defoliation on the dry matter, starch, and soluble carbohydrate dynamics in woody organs, roots, and mixed buds classified by age and two levels of crop-load for one growing season in ‘Abbé Fétel’ pear trees (Oct. 2012 to mid-Jan. 2013 in the northern hemisphere). Regardless of the organs evaluated (woody organs, roots, and mixed buds), an increase of soluble carbohydrate concentration was observed in these organs in the period between after harvest (October) and January (dormancy period). Among all organs, woody short-old spurs showed the highest increase (+93.5%) in soluble sugars. With respect to starch, woody organs showed a clear trend of decreasing in concentration between October and January. In this case, short-old spurs showed the smallest decline in starch concentrations, only 6.5%, whereas in other tree organs starch decreased by 34.5%. After harvest (October), leaves showed substantially higher starch and soluble sugar concentrations in trees with lower crop-loads. These results confirm that in the period between October and January, dynamic interconversions between starch and soluble carbohydrates occur at varying magnitudes among organs in pear trees.

scholarly journals Effect of biostimulants on dry matter accumulation and gas exchange in plantain plants (Musa AAB)

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-160
Author(s):  
Diana Mateus-Cagua ◽  
Gustavo Rodríguez-Yzquierdo
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Vegetative Phase ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Positive Effect

Biostimulants can potentially improve plant growth and development, modifying physiological processes. This study evaluated the effect of four biostimulants on the growth of ‘Hartón’ plantain plants and the leaf gas exchange during the vegetative phase. This experiment was developed on a plantain farm’s nursery in Fuente de Oro (Colombia) with a randomized complete block design with four replicates. The treatments were the biostimulants: Bactox WP®: Bacillus subtilis (Bs); Baliente®: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (Ba); Tierra Diatomeas®: silicon dioxide (Si); Re-Leaf®: salicylic acid (SA) and the control (water). All products had a positive effect on the accumulation of total dry matter (DM) (between 58.4 and 21.9%) and on the photosynthetic activity (a maximum of 110 and 24.3% in first and second evaluation), as compared to the control, while no differences were found (P>0.05) for the foliar emission rate and chlorophyll content between the treatments. The plants treated with Bs had the greatest DM accumulation at the end of the study and a constant, high photosynthetic activity. All the while Bs, Ba and Si managed to stimulate greater early photosynthetic activity. According to the results, the use of these biostimulants during the vegetative phase had an effect on the physiological processes that enhance DM accumulation in plantain plants, which could be potentially useful for the transplanting stage and increase the reserves used during their establishment and development in the field.

High ear number is key to achieving high wheat yields in the high-rainfall zone of south-western Australia

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heping Zhang ◽  
Neil C. Turner ◽  
Michael L. Poole ◽  
Senthold Asseng
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
High Rainfall ◽  
Sink Capacity

The growth and yield of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were examined to determine the actual and potential yields of wheat at a site in the high rainfall zone (HRZ) of south-western Australia. Spring wheat achieved yields of 5.5−5.9 t/ha in 2001 and 2003 when subsurface waterlogging was absent or minimal. These yields were close to the estimated potential, indicating that a high yield potential is achievable. In 2002 when subsurface waterlogging occurred early in the growing season, the yield of spring wheat was 40% lower than the estimated potential. The yield of wheat was significantly correlated with the number of ears per m2 (r2 = 0.81) and dry matter at anthesis (r2 = 0.73). To achieve 5–6 t/ha of yield of wheat in the HRZ, 450–550 ears per m2 and 10–11 t/ha dry matter at anthesis should be targetted. Attaining such a level of dry matter at anthesis did not have a negative effect on dry-matter accumulation during the post-anthesis period. The harvest index (0.36−0.38) of spring wheat was comparable with that in drier parts of south-western Australia, but relatively low given the high rainfall and the long growing season. This relatively low harvest index indicates that the selected cultivar bred for the low- and medium-rainfall zone in this study, when grown in the HRZ, may have genetic limitations in sink capacity arising from the low grain number per ear. We suggest that the yield of wheat in the HRZ may be increased further by increasing the sink capacity by increasing the number of grains per ear.

Effects of drought on leaf area development, biomass production and nitrogen uptake of durum wheat grown in a Mediterranean environment

1995 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Giunta ◽  
R Motzo ◽  
M Deidda
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Mediterranean Environment ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Area Development ◽  
Leaf Area Development

A field experiment was carried out in Sardinia (Italy) on durum wheat to analyse the effects of different moisture treatments, irrigated (I), rainfed (R) and stressed (S), on leaf area index (LAI), radiation intercepted (Q) and water use (WU), efficiency of conversion of radiation and water into dry matter (RUE and WUE), nitrogen uptake and carbon and nitrogen partitioning in the above-ground part of the plant. In the period between beginning of stem elongation and heading, drought affected the maximum LA1 in the most stressed treatment (4.7 in S v. about 6.9 in R and I), but not Q and WU. RUE was also lowered by drought in this period (0.68 in S v. about 0.95 g MJ-1 in R and I) as a reduced biomass was recorded in S at heading (528gm-2 in S v. 777 g m-2 on average in R and I). In contrast with the previous period, the reduction in LA1 between heading and maximum ear weight (MEW) determined a significant reduction in Q and WU, WUE and RUE, resulting, ultimately, in notable differences in the total biomass produced until MEW (1203, 930 and 546 gm-2 in I, R and S respectively). The amount of stem reserves relocated to the grain decreased as the level of stress increased, going from 223gm-2 in I to 9gm-2 in S and was accumulated almost entirely (from 76% of the total in I to 100% in S), in the post-heading period. Nitrogen percentage was not affected by the treatments applied apart from the higher values in stem and flag leaf in S later in the growing season due to an inhibition of nitrogen translocation in S. The total nitrogen uptake was lower in S (12.3gm-2) than in I (16.6gm-2) only as a consequence of the different dry matter accumulation patterns. The importance of WUE in this type of Mediterranean environment is discussed, with particular concern to the key role of modulation of leaf area development through the growing season.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF MODIFIED LIGHT QUALITY ON DENDRANTHEMA GRANDIFLORA TZVELEV. GROWTH

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1144c-1144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nihal C. Rajapakse ◽  
John W. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Light Quality ◽  
Optical Filters ◽  
Ornamental Plant ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Specific Leaf Weight ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Sulfate Solutions

The use of light quality as an alternate method for controlling ornamental plant growth was evaluated using copper sulfate solutions as optical filters, The light passed through CuSO4 solutions had high red/far-red (R/FR) ratio. Plant height and average internode length were significantly reduced by high R/FR light. Plants grown under high R/FR light had smaller leaves and a lower total leaf area but had thicker leaves, as indicated by specific leaf weight, than the control plants. Fresh and dry weights of leaves, stems and roots were reduced by high R/FR light. Dry matter accumulation in leaves was increased by high R/FR light while it was reduced in stems. Exogenous gibberellic acid (GA) application partially overcame the height reduction under high R/FR light indicating that GA biosynthesis maybe affected by light treatment. Results suggests alteration of light quality could be used in controlling ornamental plant growth as an alternate method to conventional chemical growth regulator applications.

Dinitrogen Fixation, Nitrogen and Dry Matter Accumulation, and Nodulation in White Lupine

Crop Science ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 1197-1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kingsley K. Ayisi ◽  
Daniel H. Putnam ◽  
Carroll P. Vance ◽  
Peter H. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dinitrogen Fixation ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
White Lupine

scholarly journals Growth and Photosynthetic Activity of Selected Spelt Varieties (Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta L.) Cultivated under Drought Conditions with Different Endophytic Core Microbiomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 7987
Author(s):  
Karolina Ratajczak ◽  
Hanna Sulewska ◽  
Lidia Błaszczyk ◽  
Aneta Basińska-Barczak ◽  
Katarzyna Mikołajczak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Core Microbiome ◽  
Drought Conditions

The role of the microbiome in the root zone is critically important for plants. However, the mechanism by which plants can adapt to environmental constraints, especially water deficit, has not been fully investigated to date, while the endophytic core microbiome of the roots of spelt (Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta L.) grown under drought conditions has received little attention. In this study, we hypothesize that differences in the endophytic core of spelt and common wheat root microbiomes can explain the variations in the growth and photosynthetic activity of those plants, especially under drought conditions. Our greenhouse experimental design was completely randomized in a 2 × 4 × 3 factorial scheme: two water regime levels (well-watered and drought), three spelt varieties (T. aestivum ssp. spelta L.: ‘Badenstern’, ‘Badenkrone’ and ‘Zollernspelz’ and one wheat variety: T. aestivum ssp. vulgare L: ‘Dakotana’) and three mycorrhizal levels (autoclaved soil inoculation with Rhizophagus irregularis, control (autoclaved soil) and natural inoculation (non-autoclaved soil—microorganisms from the field). During the imposed stress period, relative water content (RWC), leaf chlorophyll fluorescence, gas exchange and water use efficiency (WUE) were measured. Microscopic observations of the root surface through fungi isolation and identification were conducted. Our results indicate that ‘Badenstern’ was the most drought tolerant variety, followed by ‘Zollernspelz’ and ‘Badenkrone,’ while the common wheat variety ‘Dakotana’ was the most drought sensitive. Inoculation of ‘Badenstern’ with the mycorrhizal fungi R. irregularis contributed to better growth performance as evidenced by increased whole plant and stalk dry matter accumulation, as well as greater root length and volume. Inoculation of ‘Zollernspelz’ with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) enhanced the photochemical efficiency of Photosystem II and significantly improved root growth under drought conditions, which was confirmed by enhanced aboveground biomass, root dry weight and length. This study provides evidence that AMF have the potential to be beneficial for plant growth and dry matter accumulation in spelt varieties grown under drought conditions.

Seasonal Development of Yellow and Purple Nutsedges(Cyperus esculentusandC. rotundus)in Illinois

Weed Science ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 614-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Jordan-Molero ◽  
E. W. Stoller
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Seasonal Development ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Tuber Growth ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Tuber Production ◽  
Sunlight Intensity

Yellow nutsedge(Cyperus esculentusL.) and purple nutsedge(C. rotundusL.) were grown in clay pots in the field to investigate the effect of sunlight intensity, planting date, and harvesting date on growth and development. Reducing the length of the growing season by delayed planting or early harvesting reduced the growth (dry matter accumulation) and tuber production of both species. Purple nutsedge growth (dry matter accumulation) was linearly reduced at 30 and 73% shade, but yellow nutsedge growth at 30% shade was not different from that at full sunlight. Tuber production in both species began about August 1, with slight delays in the initiation of tuber growth as planting date was delayed. At the end of the growing season a significant number of tubers were formed in both species even at the latest planting date under 73% shade.

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