Strategies of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO) to reduce the occupational cancer burden

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 140-154
Author(s):  
Ann Olsson ◽  
Mary Schubauer-Berigan ◽  
Joachim Schüz
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Cancer Surveillance ◽  
International Agency ◽  
Occupational Cancer ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Cancer Burden ◽  
The Russian Federation

The main mission of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO) is to conduct research for cancer prevention worldwide. The strategies of the IARC to reduce the occupational cancer burden include enhancing cancer surveillance, evaluating and classifying potential human carcinogens, and conducting epidemiological research to fill gaps in knowledge on occupationally related cancers. Beyond the IARC work, it is essential to systematically monitor occupational exposures in workplaces, in order to effectively protect workers. There are multiple sources of information about occupational exposures in workplaces, but they are often not used for hazard surveillance or for research. The Russian Federation has great potential to advance research and worker protection due to their strong tradition to monitor and record exposure concentrations in workplaces. Currently most evidence regarding occupational cancer burden comes from Western Europe and North America. Estimation of the burden of occupational cancer requires accurate data from local settings as extrapolating data from other settings may be misleading due to major differences in exposures, exposure pathways and baseline cancer risks. To fill this knowledge gap, it is important to conduct exposure surveillance and epidemiological studies on occupational cancer in the Russian Federation.

Towards the elimination of occupational cancers in the Russian Federation: cancer research for cancer prevention (Part 1)

2019 ◽  
pp. 104-106
Author(s):  
J. Schüz ◽  
A. Olsson
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Research ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cancer Control ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Cancer Registration ◽  
Occupational Cancer ◽  
Control Plan ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Incident Cases

Cancer is increasing worldwide. Th e Russian Federation is no exception in this regard with an increase of the total number of new cases predicted to rise from 529,062 in 2018 to 587,622 in 2040. Th e present high burden and increase in incident cases at the same time increases the pressure on healthcare infrastructure and related costs. Th us, primary and secondary prevention of cancer becomes essential. Occupational cancers related to exposure at the workplace are among the preventable cancer burden, due to the modifi ability of the risk through minimisation of occupational exposures and adequate worker protection. For the Russian Federation, some 20,000 cancers each year may be att ributable to occupation, but systematic recording is currently lacking. As information is also lacking on the absolute eff ect of various occupational carcinogens in the Russian workforce due to lack of large-scale epidemiological studies and because for many suspected occupational carcinogens the evidence may become stronger, the true burden may in fact be higher. Th e Russian Federation appears particularly suitable for research into occupational cancer given the sizable workforce, the heavy industr ialisation as well as the good documentation and workplace surveillance over time, so that results are both informative for the situation in the Russian Federation and on a global scale. Five challenging but not unfeasible steps of nationwide population-based cancer registration, development of a legal framework for record linkage of registries and data collections, recording of occupational cancers, large scale epidemiological occupational cancer research and rigorous implementation of worker protection on known carcinogens, lead the way to a continuously updated cancer control plan that includes the elimination of occupational cancer in the Russian Federation.

Towards the elimination of occupational cancers in the Russian Federation: cancer research for cancer prevention

2019 ◽  
pp. 167-173
Author(s):  
J. Schüz ◽  
A. Olsson
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Research ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cancer Control ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Cancer Registration ◽  
Occupational Cancer ◽  
Control Plan ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Incident Cases

Cancer is increasing worldwide. Th e Russian Federation is no exception in this regard with an increase of the total number of new cases predicted to rise from 529,062 in 2018 to 587,622 in 2040. Th e present high burden and increase in incident cases at the same time increases the pressure on healthcare infrastructure and related costs. Th us, primary and secondary prevention of cancer becomes essential. Occupational cancers related to exposure at the workplace are among the preventable cancer burden, due to the modifi ability of the risk through minimisation of occupational exposures and adequate worker protection. For the Russian Federation, some 20,000 cancers each year may be att ributable to occupation, but systematic recording is currently lacking. As information is also lacking on the absolute eff ect of various occupational carcinogens in the Russian workforce due to lack of large-scale epidemiological studies and because for many suspected occupational carcinogens the evidence may become stronger, the true burden may in fact be higher. Th e Russian Federation appears particularly suitable for research into occupational cancer given the sizable workforce, the heavy industrialisation as well as the good documentation and workplace s urveillance over time, so that results are both informative for the situation in the Russian Federation and on a global scale. Five challenging but not unfeasible steps of nationwide population-based cancer registration, development of a legal framework for record linkage of registries and data collections, recording of occupational cancers, large scale epidemiological occupational cancer research and rigorous implementation of worker protection on known carcinogens, lead the way to a continuously updated cancer control plan that includes the elimination of occupational cancer in the Russian Federation.

OCCUPATIONAL CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Schüz ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Occupational Cancer ◽  
Total Cancer ◽  
The Russian Federation

Abstract. It is estimated that exposure to carcinogens at the workplace are responsible for around 3-5% of the total cancer burden in Europe; this figure may be even somewhat higher for the Russian Federation due to its large industrial workforce. As most occupational exposures are modifiable risk factors, occupational hygiene and safety has a major role in primary cancer prevention. While both experimental and epidemiological studies contribute to the identification of carcinogens, ultimately the epidemiology is needed for determining the risk of individuals and populations under real-life exposure conditions and co-exposures. Occupational cohort studies are a very strong methodology to obtain this scientific evidence and with the conduct of a large-scale study of chrysotile workers in Asbest, Sverdlovsk Oblast, a blueprint has been developed on how to conduct further studies of that type in other industries. This will inform the elimination strategy of occupational cancer in the Russian Federation as well as our understanding of occupational cancers on global scale.

Language as a Factor in the New Identity Formation (Illustrated by Central Asian States)

2019 ◽  
pp. 175-187
Author(s):  
Tetiana Liashenko
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Political Space ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Positive Image ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
National Languages ◽  
The Russian Language

Attempts to build a “Russian world” within the former Soviet republics of Central Asia by introducing an idea of a single linguistic, cultural and political space with the Russian Federation are studied in the article. The threats to the Central Asian countries’ information space are analyzed. The data on gradual changing of orientations of the Central Asian states’ citizens when choosing sources of information is provided. It is concluded that the technologies of the Russian Federation’s propaganda in Central Asia are aimed primarily at the formation of the president of Russia positive image among the widest possible groups of population. Attempts to push so-called “the Russian world”, which already jeopardize global peaceful balance, are grounded, in particular, on a widespread use of the Russian language within the territories of the former USSR that serves to propagate an idea of a single linguistic, cultural and political space. At the same time, a revival and development of national languages and cultures are intensively ongoing in all new independent states. It provokes a confrontation that often causes points of tension and conflicts. A large number of the Russian media, including federal state editions, TV channels. the Sputnik news agency etc. operates in Central Asian information space. Using own controlled media, the Kremlin seeks to convince the Central Asian states’ citizens that the Russia’s foreign policy is a right one, as well as to form a positive image of Russia and president Putin as a politician who is capable to ensure stability and security in the Central Asian region. The Russian Federation pays a special attention to Eastern Kazakhstan, where a large number of ethnic Russians is concentrated. Kazakhstan has much in common with Ukraine on its ethnic population composition, economic situation and geographical proximity to Russia. As in Ukraine, the ethnic Russians make up about 1/5 of the population in Kazakhstan, meanwhile the Russian language is widely used in all spheres. Russia calls its initiative a “humanitarian project”, but there is no doubt that the Kremlin is fighting for minds of younger generation, trying to impose own culture and values on young people. Recently, while alternative sources of information have been spreading, more and more Central Asian habitants opt for online information in their national languages, considering Russianspeaking news resources to be a propaganda.

TRENDS AND PROSPECTS FOR THE EVOLUTION OF THE INSTITUTION OF POLITICAL PARTIES IN MODERN RUSSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 87-95
Author(s):  
D.L. TSYBAKOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Party System ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Party Elites ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
State Bureaucracy ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
Post Industrial

The purpose of the article is to assess the nature of the evolution of the institution of political parties in post – Soviet Russia. The article substantiates that political parties continue to be one of the leading political institutions in the modern Russian Federation. The premature to recognize the functional incapacity of party institutions in the post-industrial/information society is noted. It is argued that political parties continue to be a link between society and state power, and retain the potential for targeted and regular influence on strategic directions of social development. The research methodology is based on the principles of consistency, which allowed us to analyze various sources of information and empirical data on trends and prospects for the evolution of the party system in the Russian Federation. As a result, the authors come to the conclusion that in Russian conditions the convergence of party elites with state bureaucracy is increasing, and there is a distance between political parties and civil society.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF ATTITUDES TOWARDS IMMUNIZATION IN DIFFERENT GROUPS OF POPULATION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2017 ◽  
pp. 98-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. I. Briko ◽  
A. Ya. Mindlina ◽  
R. V. Polibin ◽  
N. P. Galina ◽  
A. S. Gorokhova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Technical Students ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Different Sources

Aim. The study the attitude of population towards the necessity of vaccination. Materials and methods. The survey about the attitude towards vaccination among different groups of population was held. In total there were 1209 respondents: 1031 students of medical, humanitarian and technical universities and 178 parents of children under 2. Results. The most positive attitude towards vaccination was shown by medical students (77%) and parents (71%) and only 33% and 37% of humanitarian and technical students correspondency realize the significance of vaccination. It is worth noting that large number of people could not define their attitude to vaccination. The majority of respondents notices the lack of knowledge about vaccination wherein less than 50% of respondents get the information from doctors. The rest gets it from different sources mostly from the Internet. About 80% of respondents would prefer to get answers to their questions about vaccination in the Internet. Conclusion. The adherence of population of Russia to vaccination has a rather low level. The main reason for it is the lack ofknowledge and availability of true information about vaccination. It is necessary to use diverse sources of information to provide the population with true facts about vaccination, its significance and safety via mass media and the Internet as well.

scholarly journals On the Question of Medieval Artillery in the Muslim Regions of Contemporary Russia

Islamovedenie ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-40
Author(s):  
Nabiev Rustam Fanisovich ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Northern Eurasia ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Islamic Culture ◽  
The West ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Relationship Of

The article deals with the problem of the spread of artillery weapons from the East to the West through the territory of the Eurasian steppes. Among the regions important for the devel-opment of firearms were countries with Islamic culture, which are currently part of the Russian Federation and the CIS. They were one of the most important links in the movement of new technologies from the East to Europe. Evidence of the development of artillery in the northern Muslim countries is not only written sources, but also finds of genuine medieval weapons. The author shows that the Muslim peoples of northern Eurasia have contributed to the world process of the development and spread of firearms. The article substantiates the view that in the territory of Russia powder technologies, the newest at that time, began to be used much earlier than in Western Europe. The author also identifies a number of areas of research into the history of powder technologies in the medieval Muslim world, such as sources of information, regions, landscapes, the main ways of spreading technologies, as well as terminology from the standpoint of cultural relationship of languages

scholarly journals MINI-PARLIAMENTS IN THE POST-DICTATORSHIP DEMOCRACIES OF WESTERN EUROPE AND LATIN AMERICA

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 942-964
Author(s):  
Alexey S. Koshel
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Parliamentary Democracy ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Ongoing Development ◽  
Parliamentary Procedure

The article investigtes the powers and parliamentary procedures in the standing committees and commissions of several countries of Western Europe and Latin America. The author believes that one of the modern paradigms for the development of parliamentary democracy is to strengthen the role of standing committees in the work of parliament by transferring to the committee level a number of constitutional powers of parliaments. In this regard, the author clarifies approaches to the classification of the committee structure of parliaments and looks at committee parliamentary procedures in Italy, Germany, Greece, Portugal, Spain, Brazil and Argentina at the present stage. The author comes to certain conclusions regarding the paradigm of the committee parliamentary procedure, including further improvement of domestic constitutional-legal matter in the context of the ongoing development of parliamentary democracy in the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals Basic Technologies and Equipment Used for Peat Deposits Development in Foreign Countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 01046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg Misnikov
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Technological Equipment ◽  
Peat Extraction ◽  
Peat Deposits ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Combating Desertification ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article discusses the perspectives of the use of peat to solve several issues. First, there are prospects of using peat fuel for solving energy problems. Second, there is a need to use peat processing products for increasing soil fertility and combating desertification of territories. The author considers a possible solution of the problem of utilization of livestock wastes together with the obtaining of peat composts. The objective prerequisites for increasing the volume of peat extraction in the Russian Federation are given. The article discusses features of the main technologies for the extraction of milled and sod peat. The interrelation of the technology of peat harvesting with the technology of its further processing is substantiated. A limited amount of technological equipment produced in Russia causes the need for its importing. The paper overviews the main peat extraction technologies used in Western Europe and Canada. An analysis of the features of technological processes related to the characteristics of raw materials and the needs of the market is made. The tendencies in development of production of technological equipment are considered. Currently, it is recommended to use mixed sets of technological equipment of various manufacturers.

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