Psychiatric Disorders in the Walbiri, Central Australia

1967 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Kidson
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Case Detection ◽  
Australian Aboriginal ◽  
Tribal Group ◽  
Sex Diagnosis ◽  
The World ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Central Australia

A survey is reported of psychiatric disorders in an Australian Aboriginal tribal group of 650 persons residing at Yuendumu, Central Australia. Methods of case detection and criteria of inclusion of cases are described. Clinical summaries of all affected individuals are supplied and the frequency distribution of psychiatric illness by age, sex, diagnosis and severity is presented. The survey results are discussed and related to sociocultural circumstances of the Walbiri people and to epidemiological findings from other parts of the world.

scholarly journals Difficulties and Concerns of Patients with Severe Mental Disorders and Their Caregivers During Hospitalization and After Discharge During the First Wave of COVID-19 Epidemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3 Special Issue on COVID-19) ◽  
pp. 348-359
Author(s):  
Amir Hossein Jalali Nadoushan ◽  
◽  
Saeedeh Shirdel ◽  
Marjan Shokrani ◽  
Porshad Pourzarabian Haghighi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Severe Mental Disorders ◽  
Safe Place ◽  
The World ◽  
Time Of Admission

Objectives: The Covid-19 has caused anxiety and stress in people all over the world. One of the most vulnerable groups during this epidemic are people with psychiatric disorders. In this study, we investigate the leading causes of concern among patients with psychiatric disorders and their families during and after hospitalization. The purpose of this study is to improve the care and service given to these patients and their caregivers regarding their concerns. Methods: In this study, 48 patients with psychiatric disorders hospitalized from late February to late April 2020 in the Iran Psychiatric Hospital were contacted by telephone. They completed a questionnaire related to the covid-19 pandemic and the problems caused by it during and after their hospitalization. Results: Inability to meet with family and the fear of infection to Covid-19 were among the main concerns of these patients at the time of admission. Their most worrying factors after discharge were the negative impact of quarantine on the recurrence of psychiatric illness. On the other hand, the most significant concern during the hospitalization of a patient with Covid-19 is the caregivers of these patients after discharge and the inaccessibility to a physician. Conclusion: The Covid-19 pandemic has caused challenges in treating psychiatric patients; thus, this study suggests some solutions such as providing a safe place for doctors to visit the patients, recommending the patients and the caregivers to observe self-hygiene protocols, and seeing patients virtually.

scholarly journals Text-setting in Kaytetye

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nay San ◽  
Myfany Turpin
Keyword(s):  
Human Activity ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Computational Method ◽  
Theoretic Analysis ◽  
Text Setting ◽  
Australian Aboriginal ◽  
The World ◽  
Central Australia ◽  
Generic Set ◽  
Vast Range

Singing is a universal human activity. Across the vast range of song traditions throughout the world, native speakers have consistent intuitions about how the syllables in a given line of song text should be set to the tunes and/or rhythms within their various song traditions. This paper presents an Optimality Theoretic analysis of text-setting in a set of ceremonial songs traditionally sung and passed on orally by groups of Kaytetye-speaking women in Central Australia. Australian Aboriginal songs are renowned for the degree to which they diverge from speech. For our analysis, we use a computational method to exhaustively generate all permitted ways sung forms may diverge from their spoken equivalents along with all possible ways each form may be set to rhythm. We show that the seemingly idiosyncratic nature of text-setting strategies in this song set can be accounted for through a relatively generic set of constraints (even when thousands of competing candidates are considered), reflecting many of the fundamental processes that govern the interaction of language, meter, and music.

Severe Localized Pain Associated with the Depressive Syndrome

1963 ◽  
Vol 109 (463) ◽  
pp. 741-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
General Practitioner ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Depressive Syndrome ◽  
Somatic Complaints ◽  
Organic Disease

Depressive illness is protean in its manifestations. The symptoms may be primarily psychological, such as misery, indecisiveness, irritability, inability to concentrate, or insomnia. They may be mainly physical, and the patient may present with one or more of a bewildering number of somatic complaints, often blaming those for his change in mood (Watts, 1957). Pain is a common and diagnostically puzzling presenting symptom of depression and other psychiatric disorders (Walters, 1961). It may take the form of generalized or poorly localized aches and pains, often associated with a feeling of tension, or it may be sharply delimited (Critchley, 1935). This form of localized pain may so dominate the symptomatology that the patient is referred by his general practitioner to a variety of specialists, who may perform a series of special investigations or even exploratory operations. Clearly, every effort must be made to exclude organic disease, even if positive signs of psychiatric illness are recognized, as an organic disease can obviously co-exist with a psychiatric one. In spite of thorough investigation, there will remain a proportion of patients in whom no lesion can be found to account for their symptoms.

scholarly journals Victimization of people by natural disasters: Spatial and temporal distribution of consequences

Temida ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 19-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasa Mijalkovic ◽  
Vladimir Cvetkovic
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
International Database ◽  
Statistical Research ◽  
The World ◽  
Disaster Epidemiology ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Descriptive Statistical Analysis

This paper is a descriptive statistical analysis of geospatial and temporal distributions of victimized people (killed, injured, affected and damage) with specific reference to geophysical, meteorological, climatological, biological and hydrological disasters that have occurred in the world of from 1900 to 2013 year. In addition, people affected by the various natural disasters could be classified as invisible victims as they are not recognized as victims either by the state or society, and consequently they do not receive adequate protection, assistance and support. Statistical research was conducted on data from the international database of the Centre for Research on Disaster Epidemiology Disaster (CRED) in Brussels. Temporal analysis examined the distribution and effects of natural disasters on people, at intervals of ten years. The same methodology was adopted for analyses of geospatial distribution of victimized people because of natural disasters by continent. The aim of the research is to determine the geospatial and temporal distribution of victimization of people with natural disasters in the world geospace in the period from 1900 to 2013. The survey results clearly indicate an increase in the number and severity of the consequences of natural disasters.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF SOME BUSINESS MACRO ENVIRONMENT FORECASTING METHODS

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vulfs Kozlinskis ◽  
Kristine Guseva
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Future Expectations ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Forecasting Methods ◽  
The World ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
System Of Parameters ◽  
Key Indicators ◽  
Further Development

Latest studies in the field of business macro environment (BME) assessment and forecasting have been undertaken and successfully implemented by the World Bank (2003–2004). Considerable contribution to the field has been made by Nobel Prize winners in Economics F. Kydland and E. Prescott in 2004. Nonetheless, a number of issues concerning BME evaluation and forecasting is still left unstudied. The Article highlights two major issues of BME: the fist part of the paper is focused on assessment of BME and the quality of BME development prognosis made by entrepreneurs. Based on key findings the following second part of the research examines the accuracy (validity) of businessmen prognosis and identifies key indicators businessmen rely on for formulating their future expectations. For that purpose a system of parameters and trends, as well as entrepreneurs’ survey results have been applied. The study concludes by illustrating the effect of inaccurately formulated prognosis and expectation on further development of BME events in conjunction with new assessment and forecasting proposals.

Whither Psychiatric Diagnosis

1999 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen J. Frances ◽  
Helen Link Egger
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Explanatory Models ◽  
Psychiatric Research ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Current State ◽  
System Method ◽  
Dsm Iv

Objective: The aim of this paper is to describe the development of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV), its purposes and limitations, and the psychiatric nosologies which may emerge from advances in psychiatric research and which may supersede the current classification system. Method: A review of the methodology used to develop DSM-IV, considered in the context of current and future psychiatric, neurobiological, and genetic research, was undertaken. Results: The DSM-IV is a descriptive nosology that has shaped psychiatric research and clinical practice by providing agreed-upon definitions of psychiatric disorders based on the current state of empirical data. Despite the critical importance of the DSM system of classification, this complex yet limited nosology will eventually be replaced by simpler, more incisive explanatory models of psychiatric illness that reflect the interplay of biological, psychological, environmental and social variables affecting the expression and treatment of psychiatric disorders. Conclusions: As we continue to understand the pathophysiology of brain disorders, as well as the biological effects of psychiatric interventions, we will be able to move from a descriptive model to an integrative, explanatory model of psychiatric illness.

Chronic Mental Illness in Prisons

2019 ◽  
pp. 568-589
Author(s):  
Meghamala S. Tavaragi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
General Public ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Medical Intervention ◽  
Remedial Measures ◽  
Mentally Disordered ◽  
Mentally Disordered Offender ◽  
Hospital Systems

It has been known that psychiatric disorders are highly prevalent among prisoners. Many people with identifiable psychiatric illness do conflict with the law, often by no fault of their own but because of symptoms of their psychiatric illness and end up in jails. Poor communication between the prison, court, and hospital systems hinders the assessment and management of the mentally disordered offender, and medical intervention can actually delay release from custody. In conclusion Prisons are detrimental to mental-health, and the standards of psychiatric care are significantly lower than those for the general public. Certain remedial measures are to be implemented for a better future of prison and community because ultimately these prisoners will be released from prison and become a part of community. Beginning of reforms is the immediate need as a long journey ahead.

Chronic Mental Illness in Prisons

2017 ◽  
pp. 203-224
Author(s):  
Meghamala S Tavaragi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
General Public ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Medical Intervention ◽  
Remedial Measures ◽  
Mentally Disordered ◽  
Mentally Disordered Offender ◽  
Hospital Systems

It has been known that psychiatric disorders are highly prevalent among prisoners. Many people with identifiable psychiatric illness do conflict with the law, often by no fault of their own but because of symptoms of their psychiatric illness and end up in jails. Poor communication between the prison, court, and hospital systems hinders the assessment and management of the mentally disordered offender, and medical intervention can actually delay release from custody. In conclusion Prisons are detrimental to mental-health, and the standards of psychiatric care are significantly lower than those for the general public. Certain remedial measures are to be implemented for a better future of prison and community because ultimately these prisoners will be released from prison and become a part of community. Beginning of reforms is the immediate need as a long journey ahead.

General introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 6445-6446
Author(s):  
Michael Sharpe
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
Psychotropic Drugs ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Differential Diagnoses ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Medical Patients ◽  
General Introduction ◽  
General Medical Practice

All physicians experience situations in which they need the knowledge, skills, and attitudes commonly thought of as belonging to psychiatry. This section of the book aims to help physicians to acquire these. It includes: (1) guidance on how to assess medical patients for psychiatric illness; (2) information about psychiatric presentations and the differential diagnoses most relevant to general medical practice; (3) brief reviews of the psychiatric disorders most commonly seen in general medical practice and the practical management of these; (4) guidance on the use of psychotropic drugs and psychological treatments when given as part of general medical care; (5) evidence-based strategies for helping patients who are smoking, using alcohol excessively, or who are overweight.

scholarly journals Review of cariprazine in management of psychiatric illness

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 221-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca H. Campbell ◽  
Michael Diduch ◽  
Kristen N. Gardner ◽  
Christopher Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Antipsychotic Drugs ◽  
Partial Agonist ◽  
Adverse Side Effects ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Properties ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Novel Antipsychotic

Abstract Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are severe and debilitating psychiatric disorders. Despite the availability of numerous antipsychotic drugs, many patients still experience poor outcomes and treatment-limiting adverse side effects. Cariprazine is a novel antipsychotic with unique pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties. It is both a dopamine type 2 and dopamine type 3 partial agonist with 2 equipotent metabolites, desmethyl cariprazine and didesmethyl cariprazine, of which didesmethyl cariprazine has a half-life of 1 to 3 weeks. The objective of this article is to review the literature regarding efficacy and tolerability of cariprazine in the management of psychiatric disorders to determine its current place in therapy.

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