scholarly journals Victimization of people by natural disasters: Spatial and temporal distribution of consequences

Temida ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 19-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasa Mijalkovic ◽  
Vladimir Cvetkovic
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
International Database ◽  
Statistical Research ◽  
The World ◽  
Disaster Epidemiology ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Descriptive Statistical Analysis

This paper is a descriptive statistical analysis of geospatial and temporal distributions of victimized people (killed, injured, affected and damage) with specific reference to geophysical, meteorological, climatological, biological and hydrological disasters that have occurred in the world of from 1900 to 2013 year. In addition, people affected by the various natural disasters could be classified as invisible victims as they are not recognized as victims either by the state or society, and consequently they do not receive adequate protection, assistance and support. Statistical research was conducted on data from the international database of the Centre for Research on Disaster Epidemiology Disaster (CRED) in Brussels. Temporal analysis examined the distribution and effects of natural disasters on people, at intervals of ten years. The same methodology was adopted for analyses of geospatial distribution of victimized people because of natural disasters by continent. The aim of the research is to determine the geospatial and temporal distribution of victimization of people with natural disasters in the world geospace in the period from 1900 to 2013. The survey results clearly indicate an increase in the number and severity of the consequences of natural disasters.

scholarly journals GPS Data in Urban Online Car-Hailing: Simulation on Optimization and Prediction in Reducing Void Cruising Distance

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Yuxuan Wang ◽  
Jinyu Chen ◽  
Ning Xu ◽  
Wenjing Li ◽  
Qing Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greedy Algorithm ◽  
Waiting Time ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Gps Data ◽  
The World ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Statistical Results

Ride-hailing, as a popular shared-transportation method, has been operated in many areas all over the world. Researchers conducted various researches based on global cases. They argued on whether car-hailing is an effective travel mode for emission reduction and drew different conclusions. The detailed emission performance of the ride-hailing system depends on the cases. Therefore, there is an urgent demand to reduce the overall picking up distance during the dispatch. In this study, we try to satisfy this demand by proposing an optimization method combined with a prediction model to minimize the global void cruising distance when solving the dispatch problem. We use Didi ride-hailing data on one day for simulation and found that our method can reduce the picking up distance by 7.51% compared with the baseline greedy algorithm. The proposed algorithm additionally makes the average waiting time of passengers more than 4 minutes shorter. The statistical results also show that the performance of our method is stable. Almost the metric in all cases can be kept in a low interval. What is more, we did a day-to-day comparison. We found that, despite the different spatial-temporal distribution of orders and drivers on different day conditions, there are little differences in the performance of the method. We also provide temporal analysis on the changing pattern of void cruising distance and quantity of orders on weekdays and weekends. Our findings show that our method can averagely reduce more void cruising distance when ride-hailing is active compared with the traditional greedy algorithm. The result also shows that the method can stably reduce void cruising distance by about 4000 to 5000 m per order across one day. We believe that our findings can improve deeper insight into the mechanism of the ride-hailing system and contribute to further studies.

Role of Self Help Groups A Study with Specific Reference to Vellore District

GIS Business ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 243-252
Author(s):  
Dr. M.A. Bilal Ahmed ◽  
Dr. S. Thameemul Ansari
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Role ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
Research Article ◽  
Self Help ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
Self Help Groups

SHG is a movement which came to being in the early 1969. Prof. Muhammed Younus, a great economist of Bangladesh took initiative in setting up Self Help Groups and these SHGs were gradually spread all over the world. This social movement unites the people hailing from poor background. Those who are joining this group feel socially and economically responsible to one another. In India, there are some likeminded bodies and stakeholders of some government organizations play pivotal role towards the formation of SHG In this research article, role of SHGs in Vellore district is studies under the three dimensions of Cognitive role, leadership role and role towards entrepreneurship.

Implementasi Manajemen Pengetahuan pada Perguruan Tinggi Swasta di Kabupaten Garut

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendarsita Amartiwi
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Private Higher Education ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Unit Of Analysis ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Use Of Knowledge ◽  
Descriptive Statistical Analysis

This study scrutinize the factors affecting knowledge management, consisting of acquisition of knowledge, storage of knowledge, distribution of knowledge and use of knowledge, at Private Higher Education Institutions in Garut Regency.  The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors shaping the knowledge management.  By using a survey method with a quantitative approach, the unit of analysis of this study is lecturer at 14 Private Universities in Garut Regency, with 229 lecturers as respondents. Data is obtained from survey results through questionnaires distributed directly to lecturers. Data is processed using descriptive statistical analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). The research findings showed that the use of knowledge and the storage of knowledge are the most powerful factors in knowledge management, followed by the acquisition of knowledge, and distribution of knowledge.

Tendencias del cambio climático en la Demarcación Hidrográfica de Manabí

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Campos Cedeño Antonio Fermín ◽  
Mendoza Álava Junior Orlando
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
Water Network ◽  
Monthly Distribution ◽  
Index Terms

Abstract— The Manabí Hydrographic Demarcation (DHM) is characterized as the only one that does not receive input from Andes Mountains, therefore, its water network is fed exclusively by the rainfall that occurs in the rainy season and that the warm current of El Niño plays a fundamental role in its production. In order to have technical information, important for the planning, control and development of the water resources of the DHM, in this research is made a temporal analysis of the monthly precipitation for 55 years, period 1963-2017. The National Institute of Hydrology and Meteorology of Ecuador (INAMHI) in station M005, located in the Botanical Garden of the Technical University of Manabí (Universidad Técnica de Manabí) in Portoviejo, obtained these records. An analysis is made of the monthly and annual patterns, establishing that the El Niño events that occurred in 1983, 1997 and 1998, have set guidelines for the change in rainwater production at the intensity and temporal distribution levels, increasing the months of drought, while the levels of rainfall increase, concentrating in fewer months, basically in February and March. This is a situation that increases the water deficit especially when there is not enough infrastructure of hydraulic works for the storage and regulation of runoff.   Index Terms— Hydrology, rainfall, monthly distribution, annually distribution, climate change, El Niño phenomenon

DESASTRES NATURAIS NO BRASIL E NO MUNDO: UMA ANÁLISE HOLÍSTICA COM ÊNFASE NOS IMPACTOS DOS EVENTOS HIDROLÓGICOS E METEOROLÓGICOS/NATURAL DISASTERS IN BRAZIL AND OVER THE WORLD: AN ANALYSIS EMPHASIZING HYDROLOGICAL AND METEOROLOGICAL EVENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 73718-73740
Author(s):  
Andreilcy Alvino-Borba ◽  
Paula Marianela Guerra ◽  
Lídia Aparecida Gomes Moreira ◽  
Helenice Maria Sacht ◽  
José António Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
The World

scholarly journals Development of a Shipment Policy for Collection Centers

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1385
Author(s):  
Irais Mora-Ochomogo ◽  
Marco Serrato ◽  
Jaime Mora-Vargas ◽  
Raha Akhavan-Tabatabaei
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Markov Decision Process ◽  
Decision Process ◽  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Humanitarian Organizations ◽  
The World ◽  
Markov Decision ◽  
Unsatisfied Demand

Natural disasters represent a latent threat for every country in the world. Due to climate change and other factors, statistics show that they continue to be on the rise. This situation presents a challenge for the communities and the humanitarian organizations to be better prepared and react faster to natural disasters. In some countries, in-kind donations represent a high percentage of the supply for the operations, which presents additional challenges. This research proposes a Markov Decision Process (MDP) model to resemble operations in collection centers, where in-kind donations are received, sorted, packed, and sent to the affected areas. The decision addressed is when to send a shipment considering the uncertainty of the donations’ supply and the demand, as well as the logistics costs and the penalty of unsatisfied demand. As a result of the MDP a Monotone Optimal Non-Decreasing Policy (MONDP) is proposed, which provides valuable insights for decision-makers within this field. Moreover, the necessary conditions to prove the existence of such MONDP are presented.

scholarly journals Strategic retreat for resilient and equitable climate adaptation: the roles for conservation organizations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mali‘o Kodis ◽  
Marci Bortman ◽  
Sarah Newkirk
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Policy Paper ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Government ◽  
Conservation Organizations

AbstractAs climate change accelerates the frequency and intensity of natural disasters, damage to public and private property is also increasing, putting exorbitant strain on governments and communities. Societies across the world are working to adapt to climate change, but climate adaptation is currently inadequate to meet the needs of the people left increasingly vulnerable and the places that risk being irreversibly changed or destroyed. One tactic of climate adaptation is strategic retreat, sometimes referred to as managed retreat. Strategic retreat is the process by which the government or another entity purchases (buys out) developed properties that are at risk of destruction or have been destroyed by natural disasters. The structure is most often demolished, and the land is placed under a permanent easement to prevent future development. What happens next is dependent on the entities involved in the buyouts, and can range from derelict, vacant lots to full restoration of ecosystems and their abilities to mitigate flood damage. Sometimes recreational amenities, such as trails or park infrastructure, are prioritized and funded as well. Conservation organizations can leverage their expertise in conservation planning, land acquisition and restoration, policy advocacy, and partnership development to improve the implementation of strategic retreat so that nature and people can thrive in the long term. In this policy paper, we review ways that conservation organizations have and can continue to engage in buyout processes to ensure positive outcomes for communities and nature. Conservation organizations must also evolve their approaches to climate adaptation to integrate equity and redress historical injustices in land use, and contribute towards improving strategic retreat for a more just and resilient future across disaster-prone communities. This work focuses on the context of disasters and climate adaptation in the USA, though many of the principles presented are applicable around the world.

scholarly journals Country transition index based on hierarchical clustering to predict next COVID-19 waves

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo A. Rios ◽  
Tatiane Nogueira ◽  
Danilo B. Coimbra ◽  
Tiago J. S. Lopes ◽  
Ajith Abraham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Clustering ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Systems Science ◽  
Collateral Damage ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
University Center ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Johns Hopkins University ◽  
The World ◽  
Transition Index

AbstractCOVID-19 has widely spread around the world, impacting the health systems of several countries in addition to the collateral damage that societies will face in the next years. Although the comparison between countries is essential for controlling this disease, the main challenge is the fact of countries are not simultaneously affected by the virus. Therefore, from the COVID-19 dataset by the Johns Hopkins University Center for Systems Science and Engineering, we present a temporal analysis on the number of new cases and deaths among countries using artificial intelligence. Our approach incrementally models the cases using a hierarchical clustering that emphasizes country transitions between infection groups over time. Then, one can compare the current situation of a country against others that have already faced previous waves. By using our approach, we designed a transition index to estimate the most probable countries’ movements between infectious groups to predict next wave trends. We draw two important conclusions: (1) we show the historical infection path taken by specific countries and emphasize changing points that occur when countries move between clusters with small, medium, or large number of cases; (2) we estimate new waves for specific countries using the transition index.

Modern aspects of epidemiology and prevention of typhoid infection (review)

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-26
Author(s):  
Alla Nikolaevna Kaira ◽  
Vyacheslav Fedorovich Lavrov ◽  
Oksana Anatolievna Svitich
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Labor Migrants ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
The World ◽  
Resistant Strains

Typhoid fever is still an urgent infection, especially in countries where the majority of the population lives below the poverty line, with limited resources, and without the ability to comply with basic hygiene rules. About 11 million cases of typhoid fever are registered worldwide every year, and about 400 people die from this infection every day. The global development of international relations activates migration processes, tourism, and provides rapid movement of significant masses of people around the world, which makes the risk of widespread typhoid infection quite real. In recent years, due to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains of S. typhi, treatment of typhoid fever has become less effective. Natural disasters in the form of earthquakes and floods, man-made disasters, as well as military conflicts that occur in different parts of the world, are fertile «soil» for the emergence and spread of typhoid infection, which actualizes the implementation of appropriate prevention measures, including immunoprophylaxis of the disease. Despite the obvious success in the fight against typhoid fever, which consists in a significant reduction in cases of typhoid infection in the world, this dangerous infectious disease still remains an urgent problem, both for health authorities and the population of many countries. Children and young people are still ill, and there is a real risk of infection spreading to any country. Natural disasters pose a real threat of typhoid outbreaks and epidemics. Mass appearance of antibiotic-resistant strains of S. typhi significantly complicates the treatment of patients, dictates the need for constant monitoring of the pathogen’s resistance to antibiotics and the introduction of typhoid immunoprophylaxis for epidemic indications among professional risk groups, labor migrants, and tourists traveling to countries with typhoid-affected countries. There is also a need for reliable epidemiological surveillance of this infection, carried out on an ongoing basis.

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on community lifelines

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naeem Abas ◽  
Esmat Kalair ◽  
Saad Dilshad ◽  
Nasrullah Khan
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Population ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Essential Services ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe authors present the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on community lifelines. The state machinery has several departments to secure essential lifelines during disasters and epidemics. Many countries have formed national disaster management authorities to deal with manmade and natural disasters. Typical lifelines include food, water, safety and security, continuity of services, medicines and healthcare equipment, gas, oil and electricity supplies, telecommunication services, transportation means and education system. Supply chain systems are often affected by disasters, which should have alternative sources and routes. Doctors, nurses and medics are front-line soldiers against diseases during pandemics.Design/methodology/approachThe COVID-19 pandemic has revealed how much we all are connected yet unprepared for natural disasters. Political leaders prioritize infrastructures, education but overlook the health sector. During the recent pandemic, developed countries faced more mortalities, fatalities and casualties than developing countries. This work surveys the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health, energy, environment, industry, education and food supply lines.FindingsThe COVID-19 pandemic caused 7% reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions during global lockdowns. In addition, COVID-19 has affected social fabric, behaviors, cultures and official routines. Around 2.84 bn doses have been administrated, with approximately 806 m people (10.3% of the world population) are fully vaccinated around the world to date. Most developed vaccines are being evaluated for new variants like alpha, beta, gamma, epsilons and delta first detected in the UK, South Africa, Brazil, USA and India. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all sectors in society, yet this paper critically reviews the impact of COVID-19 on health and energy lifelines.Practical implicationsThis paper critically reviews the health and energy lifelines during pandemic COVID-19 and explains how these essential services were interrupted.Originality/valueThis paper critically reviews the health and energy lifelines during pandemic COVID-19 and explains how these essential services were interrupted.

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