Early pregnancy maternal urinary metabolomic profile and later insulin resistance and fetal adiposity

Abstract Study Objectives To examine the association between maternal sleep disordered breathing (SDB) and glucose metabolism in early gestation. Methods Women with body mass index (BMI) ≥27 kg/m2 and singleton pregnancies underwent in-home sleep study (HSAT) and homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) in early pregnancy. Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and β-cell function (HOMA %B) were derived. Exclusion criteria included pregestational diabetes, use of continuous positive airway pressure and chronic steroid therapy. We performed linear regression analyses to evaluate the association between continuous measures of SDB (respiratory event index (REI), and oxygen desaturation index (ODI)) and glucose metabolism parameters (HOMA-IR and HOMA %B). Analyses were adjusted for a set of a priori selected variables which included gestational age, maternal age, BMI, ethnicity, race, and parity. Results One hundred and ninety-two pregnant women with median (interquartile range) BMI of 35.14 (8.30) kg/m2 underwent HSAT and HOMA assessment at 11.14 (3) and 15.35 (4.14) gestational weeks, respectively. REI and ODI, as continuous values, were associated with HOMA-IR after adjusting for covariates. OSA (obstructive sleep apnea) diagnosis (REI > 5 events per hour) was not associated with HOMA-IR after adjusting for BMI (p ≥ 0.05). None of the parameters were associated with HOMA %B (p > 0.07). Conclusions SDB and insulin resistance are associated in early pregnancy, with a dose response association between respiratory event index severity and insulin resistance. Further studies are needed to establish if pregnant women with overweight and obesity may benefit from early SDB screening to improve glucose metabolic outcome. Clinical trials: NCT02412696, Positive Airway Pressure, Sleep Apnea, and the Placenta (PAP-SAP) https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02412696?term=Bourjeily&draw=2&rank=2 and NCT02917876, Predictors of De-novo Development of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Pregnancy (Predictors) https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02917876?term=Bourjeily&draw=2&rank=1

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Sex-dependent nutritional programming: fish oil intake during early pregnancy in rats reduces age-dependent insulin resistance in male, but not female, offspring

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.00392.2012 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 304 (4) ◽

pp. R313-R320 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Fatima L. C. Sardinha ◽

Flavia S. Fernandes ◽

Maria G. Tavares do Carmo ◽

Emilio Herrera

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Early Pregnancy ◽

Adult Life ◽

Male Offspring ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Sensitivity Index ◽

Standard Diet ◽

Model Assessment

Prenatal and early postnatal nutritional status may predispose offspring to impaired glucose tolerance and changes in insulin sensitivity in adult life. The long-term consequences of changes in maternal dietary fatty acid composition were determined in rats. From day 1 until day 12 of pregnancy, rats were given isocaloric diets containing 9% nonvitamin fat based on soybean, olive, fish (FO), linseed, or palm oil. Thereafter, they were maintained on the standard diet; offspring were studied at different ages. Body weight at 4, 8, and 12 mo and lumbar adipose tissue and liver weights at 12 mo did not differ between females on the different diets, whereas in males the corresponding values were all lower in the offspring from the FO group compared with the other dietary groups. Plasma glucose concentrations (both basal and after an oral glucose load) did not change with sex or dietary group, but plasma insulin concentrations were lower in females than in males and, in males, were lowest in the FO group. Similar relations were found with both the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and insulin sensitivity index. In conclusion, the intake of more n–3 fatty acids (FO diet) during early pregnancy reduced both fat accretion and age-related decline in insulin sensitivity in male offspring but not in females. It is proposed that the lower adiposity caused by the increased n–3 fatty acids during the intrauterine life was responsible of the lower insulin resistance in male offspring.

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Metabolomic profile of insulin resistance in patients with multiple sclerosis is associated to the severity of the disease

Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders ◽

10.1016/j.msard.2018.08.014 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 ◽

pp. 316-321 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Alejandro Ruiz-Argüelles ◽

Mariana A. Méndez-Huerta ◽

Claudia D. Lozano ◽

Guillermo J. Ruiz-Argüelles

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Metabolomic Profile ◽

Severity Of The Disease

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Visceral adiposity and insulin resistance in the prediction of gestational diabetes mellitus in early pregnancy: a prospective observational study

Menoufia Medical Journal ◽

10.4103/mmj.mmj_207_18 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 1338

Author(s):

AbeerE Abo El-Fetouh ◽

OsamaA Elkelani ◽

AlaaE Elahalaby ◽

IbrahimSaif Elnasr

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Observational Study ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Early Pregnancy ◽

Prospective Observational Study ◽

Visceral Adiposity

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Placental lactogen, placental growth factor, insulin resistance in early pregnancy and risk for gestational diabetes

Problems of Endocrinology ◽

10.14341/probl201662531-32 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 62 (5) ◽

pp. 31-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Polina Popova ◽

Aleksandra Tkachuk ◽

Aleksandra Dronova ◽

Yana Bolotko ◽

Elena Grineva

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Early Pregnancy ◽

Plasma Glucose ◽

Fasting Plasma Glucose ◽

Placental Growth Factor ◽

Placental Lactogen ◽

Control Group

Background and aims. Placental hormones and proteins are important regulators of insulin resistance during pregnancy. However, the data concerning the assosiation between placental lactogen (PL) and placental growth factor (PLGF) level in early pregnancy and further development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are limited and incostintent. The aim of this study was to compare the level of these two placental proteins and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in early pregnancy among women diagnosed with and without GDM months later.Materials and methods. A nested case-control study was conducted in a prospective cohort of pregnant women. Among them, 78 incident GDM cases were identified and 95 women who were not diagnosed with GDM were randomly selected as a control group. Blood was sampled for measurements of PL, PLGF, fasting plasma glucose and insulin at 8-14 weeks of pregnancy. All the women underwent oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 24-32 weeks. GDM was diagnosed according to the International Association of Diabetes In Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) recommendations (fasting glucose ≥5.1 mmol / l and / or 1 hour ≥10.0 mmol / l and / or 2 hours ≥8.5 mmol / L). The maternal and neonatal anthropometric parameters were also measured. Statistical analysis included Student's t-test, logistic regression and Pearson's correlation.Results. There was no difference between GDM and control groups in the mean levels of PL (0,70 +/- 0,53 vs 0,81 +/- 0,58 mg/L, р =0,215 ) and PLGF (60,7 +/- 169.6 vs 46,6+105,6 pg/ml, р=0,503). Women with GDM were older (30.2 +/- 3.9 vs 28.4 +/- 4.7 years, p = 0.008), had higher first trimester body mass index (BMI) (25.2 +/- 5.2 vs 23.1 +/- 4.6 kg/m2, р = 0.006), higher levels of insulin (10.3 +/- 5.5 vs 7.9 +/- 3.9 mU/L, p = 0,007) and HOMA-IR ( 2.17 +/- 1.1 vs 1.7 +/- 0.9, p = 0,007) compared to the control group. Women with GDM also had a higher level of fasting plasma glucose (4.8 + 0.6 and 4.6 + 0,5 mmol/L, p = 0.063), although the difference did not reach statistical significance. HOMA-IR was positively associated with the development of GDM (OR: 1.62, 95% CI: 1.12 - 2.34, P = 0.01) and the association retained under a multivariable analysis controlling for age and BMI (OR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.04 - 2.45, P = 0.033). Maternal PL and PLGF were not related to the results of OGTT, HOMA-IR or neonatal anthropometry. A positive correlation between PL level and gestational age at the time of blood sampling was observed (r = 0.657, p <0.001).Conclusion. Serum concentrations of PL and PLGF in pregnant women at 8-14 weeks’ gestation were not associated with HOMA-IR and later development of GDM. Higher HOMA-IR score in early pregnancy is significantly associated with an elevated risk for GDM.

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Early Detection of Insulin Sensitivity and β-Cell Function with Simple Tests Indicates Future Derangements in Late Pregnancy

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2007-1363 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 93 (3) ◽

pp. 876-880 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

A. Lapolla ◽

M. G. Dalfrà ◽

G. Mello ◽

E. Parretti ◽

R. Cioni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Early Pregnancy ◽

Cell Function ◽

Late Pregnancy ◽

Tolerance Test ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Β Cell ◽

Β Cell Function

Abstract Objective: Insulin sensitivity and secretion during early and late pregnancy were assessed in women with normal glucose tolerance and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Research Design and Methods: The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed in 903 women at 16–20th gestational week, of whom 37 had GDM (GDM1 group), and 859 repeated the OGTT at wk 26–30. At the second test, 55 had GDM (GDM2 group); the others remained normotolerant (ND group). Insulin sensitivity from OGTT (as quantitative insulin sensitivity check index and OGTT insulin sensitivity) and β-cell function (as the ratio of the areas under the insulin and glucose concentration curves, adjusted for insulin sensitivity) were assessed in both tests. Results: In early pregnancy the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index was not different in the three groups, whereas OGTT insulin sensitivity was lowest in GDM2, intermediate in GDM1, and highest in ND. In late pregnancy both indices were reduced in GDM compared with ND and lower than in early pregnancy. In early pregnancy GDM1, but not GDM2, had lower β-cell function than ND. During the late visit, GDM2 also showed impaired β-cell function compared with ND; furthermore, the adaptation to the increase to insulin resistance from early to late pregnancy was defective in GDM2. Conclusions: In early pregnancy insulin sensitivity, as assessed from the OGTT but not from fasting measurements, is impaired in women who developed GDM. β-Cell function impairment is evident only when GDM is manifest and is characterized by inappropriate adaptation to the pregnancy induced increase in insulin resistance.

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Interrelationship of some hormonesbelonging to HPG and energy axes inhorses during various reproductive states

Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences ◽

10.5564/mjas.v15i2.538 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 10-15

Author(s):

D Batsaikhan ◽

B Bayar-Enkh ◽

B Tuvshin

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Blood Serum ◽

Early Pregnancy ◽

Metabolic Disorder ◽

Endocrine System ◽

Late Pregnancy ◽

Reproductive Activity ◽

Inhibin B ◽

Metabolic Hormones ◽

Activity Concentrations

In order to reveal interrelationships of hormones during pregnancy and estrus in animals, some reproductive and metabolic hormones including FSH, inhibin B, prolactin and insulin were measured in blood serum of Mongolian horses with respective immunoassays. Concentrations of blood serum FSH, inhibin B and prolactin in mares during their estrus, early, mid and late pregnancy periods were compared. The comparisons demonstrate concentrations of FSH and inhibin B were inversely proportional especially during estrous cycle of mares. As well, these hormones were also measured in blood serum of stallions with the purpose of assessing their reproductive activity. Concentrations of both hormones were lower in blood serum of stallions, which have harems of less conceived mares or it means higher inhibin concentration results in less reproductive activity. Prolactin was minimal during estrus and early pregnancy, while it increases during late pregnancy, but there was no correlations with above two hormones. Measurements of insulin was helpful to learn whether the animal is suffering from metabolic disorder such as insulin resistance, because last half of pregnancy of mares coincides with the period of fattening of pastured animals. However, main outcome of the present study is that all above hormones might be acting in closer relationships during various reproductive states, despite they belong to different axes of endocrine system, including hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (FSH and inhibin)and energy (insulin and prolactin) axes.Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol.15(2) 2015; 10-15

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