STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS OF RESISTANCE TO COMBAT-PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAUMA IN LAW ENFORCEMENT – COMBATANTS

The purpose authors of this article aim to analyze the scientific literature on understanding the concept of “administrative and legal provision of civil rights”, its structural components and on this basis to offer our own view in regard to this administrative and legal category. To achieve this goal, such methods of scientific knowledge were used as: formal-logical; comparative analysis; logical and legal. Different scientific approaches and concepts to defining the notion of citizens’ rights have been analyzed in the article. On this basis the understanding of the category of “administrative and legal provision of citizens’ rights” has been improved. It includes two interrelated components – “administrative and legal” and “provision”. It has been determined that the term provision in the general sense means the creation of conditions, security, protection of something from danger. The rights of citizens as a subject matter of administrative provision have been analyzed. The features of human and civil rights have been outlined. It has been stated that human and civil rights, freedoms and legitimate interests in the modern world must be both declared in regulatory acts, and must be really guaranteed and secured by the state. It has been emphasized that officials of the state authorities, including law enforcement system, play a crucial role in the development of interaction between society, government and citizens. The main directions of ensuring the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of citizens by the norms of administrative legislation, as well as the mechanism of their implementation have been determined. The authors have offered own definition of the concept of “administrative and legal provision of citizens’ rights”.

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Specific Features of Mental Health of Law Enforcement Officers – Participants of the Anti-Terrorist Operation

Law and Safety ◽

10.32631/pb.2019.2.17 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 73 (2) ◽

pp. 109-113

Author(s):

О. І. Кудерміна

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Law Enforcement ◽

High Stress ◽

Law Enforcement Officers ◽

Psychological Trauma ◽

Moderate Degree ◽

Clinical Criteria ◽

Post Traumatic ◽

Psychological Assistance ◽

Post Traumatic Disorder

The practice of conduct of operations has proven that not every participant in these events endures painlessly the extreme conditions of the battle for their mental health. Under the intense influence of psycho-traumatic factors of the combat environment, a law enforcement officer can get mental disorders of various degree of severity, which lead to a partial or complete loss of combat capability. The author has provided results of studying mental health of law enforcement officers – participants in the anti-terrorist operation after a month of their last business trip. Mentally healthy law enforcement officers had high stress, depletion of internal resources, the formation of an accentuation of personality and symptoms of emotional burnout with a reduction in professional duties, which can lead to emotional problems (anxiety, affective fluctuations, decreased productivity). This category of law enforcement officers requires the conduction of psycho-correctional measures. Law enforcement officers with moderate degree of post-traumatic disorder have increased affective instability, flatness and conservatism; psychosomatic and vegetative disorders have emerged, indicating the need for psychological assistance to these individuals, despite the absence of clear PTSD clinical criteria. Law enforcement officers, who received psychological assistance in connection with clear features of post-traumatic disorder, on the background of significant reduction of psycho-pathological symptoms, there is tendency to socially approved behaviors, while emotional limitation – “insensitivity”, is formed, which is evidenced for the need to conduct psychological rehabilitation with them. It has been substantiated that, regardless the degree of psychological trauma, at different stages of psychological support of the professional activities of law enforcement officers, it is necessary to carry out psycho-correctional measures.

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Legal Consciousness in Determination of Corrupt Behavior

Psychology and Law ◽

10.17759/psylaw.2021110209 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 120-131

Author(s):

E.V. Chernysheva

Keyword(s):

Law Enforcement ◽

Rule Of Law ◽

Legal Consciousness ◽

General Level ◽

Correctional Facilities ◽

Structural Components ◽

The Rule Of Law ◽

Law Enforcement Officials ◽

Corrupt Behavior

The article discusses the structure of legal consciousness in the view of the effect of its components on the choice between corrupt and non-corrupt behavior. For more detailed analysis, the research sample was comprised of students of a departmental institution of higher education specializing in jurisprudence, experienced law enforcement officials as well as convicts serving sentences in correctional facilities for the crimes they had committed (including corruption-related ones). It has been established that one's choice of corrupt behavior is directly related to the general level of development of one's legal consciousness. Convicts are more characterized by underdeveloped mindset for respecting the rule of law: they yield to corruption in situations with no other way to resolve their problem or if giving a bribe feels less "costly". Essential structural components of corrupt behavior have been revealed: strong belief that corruption is ineradicable, allowing acts of bribery under certain circumstances, legal immaturity, motives to justify such behavior, mixed or contradictory attitudes towards corruption. The general level of one's legal consciousness influences one's choice between corrupt and non-corrupt behavior.

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Electron probe x-ray microanalysis and electron microscopy of amino acid absorption and transport by the small intestine: inhibition by chemical poisons and correlation to the elemental composition of the epithelial cells

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100142311 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 44 ◽

pp. 134-135

Author(s):

A. J. Tousimis

Keyword(s):

Small Intestine ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Epithelial Cells ◽

Elemental Composition ◽

Isotope Labeling ◽

Structural Components ◽

X Ray ◽

Human Small Intestine ◽

Transport Studies

The elemental composition of amino acids is similar to that of the major structural components of the epithelial cells of the small intestine and other tissues. Therefore, their subcellular localization and concentration measurements are not possible by x-ray microanalysis. Radioactive isotope labeling: I131-tyrosine, Se75-methionine and S35-methionine have been successfully employed in numerous absorption and transport studies. The latter two have been utilized both in vitro and vivo, with similar results in the hamster and human small intestine. Non-radioactive Selenomethionine, since its absorption/transport behavior is assumed to be the same as that of Se75- methionine and S75-methionine could serve as a compound tracer for this amino acid.

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Pyrotechnic Residues in Gunshot Residue Analysis

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100117649 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

pp. 128-129

Author(s):

H. M. Sagara ◽

S. A. Schliebe ◽

M. C. Kong

Keyword(s):

Law Enforcement ◽

Residue Analysis ◽

Gunshot Residue ◽

Particle Analysis ◽

Dry Skin ◽

X Ray ◽

Skin Cells ◽

Smokeless Powder ◽

Carbon Coated ◽

Detailed List

Particle analysis by scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive x- ray analysis is one of the current methods used in crime laboratories to aid law enforcement in identifying individuals who have recently fired or handled a firearm. During the discharge of a firearm, the high pressure caused by the detonation of the cartridge materials forces a portion of the generated gases through leaks in the firing mechanism of the weapon. These gases contain residues of smokeless powder, primer mixture, and contributions from the projectile itself. The condensation of these hot gases form discrete, micrometer-sized particles, which can be collected, along with dry skin cells, salts, and other hand debris, from the hands of a shooter by a simple adhesive lift technique. The examination of the carbon-coated adhesive lifts consist of time consuming systematic searches for high contrast particles of spherical morphology with the characteristic elemental composition of antimony, barium and lead. A detailed list of the elemental compositions which match the criteria for gunshot residue are discussed in the Aerospace report.

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Freeze-fracture cytochemistry: A goal set by Russell Steere in 1957

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010014614x ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 51 ◽

pp. 60-61

Author(s):

Nicholas J Severs

Keyword(s):

Chemical Nature ◽

Biological Systems ◽

Freeze Fracture ◽

Structural Components ◽

Major Goal ◽

Membrane Biology ◽

Routine Application ◽

The Future ◽

Freeze Etching

In his pioneering demonstration of the potential of freeze-etching in biological systems, Russell Steere assessed the future promise and limitations of the technique with remarkable foresight. Item 2 in his list of inherent difficulties as they then stood stated “The chemical nature of the objects seen in the replica cannot be determined”. This defined a major goal for practitioners of freeze-fracture which, for more than a decade, seemed unattainable. It was not until the introduction of the label-fracture-etch technique in the early 1970s that the mould was broken, and not until the following decade that the full scope of modern freeze-fracture cytochemistry took shape. The culmination of these developments in the 1990s now equips the researcher with a set of effective techniques for routine application in cell and membrane biology.Freeze-fracture cytochemical techniques are all designed to provide information on the chemical nature of structural components revealed by freeze-fracture, but differ in how this is achieved, in precisely what type of information is obtained, and in which types of specimen can be studied.

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Microtubule motors and other maps

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010015753x ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 1-1

Author(s):

Richard B. Vallee

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

High Molecular Weight ◽

Cytoplasmic Dynein ◽

Organelle Transport ◽

Structural Components ◽

Microtubule Associated Proteins ◽

Microtubule Motors ◽

Associated Proteins ◽

The Subject ◽

Intracellular Motility

Microtubules are involved in a number of forms of intracellular motility, including mitosis and bidirectional organelle transport. Purified microtubules from brain and other sources contain tubulin and a diversity of microtubule associated proteins (MAPs). Some of the high molecular weight MAPs - MAP 1A, 1B, 2A, and 2B - are long, fibrous molecules that serve as structural components of the cytamatrix. Three MAPs have recently been identified that show microtubule activated ATPase activity and produce force in association with microtubules. These proteins - kinesin, cytoplasmic dynein, and dynamin - are referred to as cytoplasmic motors. The latter two will be the subject of this talk.Cytoplasmic dynein was first identified as one of the high molecular weight brain MAPs, MAP 1C. It was determined to be structurally equivalent to ciliary and flagellar dynein, and to produce force toward the minus ends of microtubules, opposite to kinesin.

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Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Two Forms of the Chaperonin GRO EL

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100180045 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 258-259

Author(s):

J.L. Carrascosa ◽

G. Abella ◽

S. Marco ◽

M. Muyal ◽

J.M. Carazo

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

The Other ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Series Method ◽

Three Dimensional Reconstruction ◽

Structural Components ◽

E Coli ◽

Dimensional Reconstruction ◽

Morphogenetic Factors ◽

Tilt Series

Chaperonins are a class of proteins characterized by their role as morphogenetic factors. They trantsiently interact with the structural components of certain biological aggregates (viruses, enzymes etc), promoting their correct folding, assembly and, eventually transport. The groEL factor from E. coli is a conspicuous member of the chaperonins, as it promotes the assembly and morphogenesis of bacterial oligomers and/viral structures.We have studied groEL-like factors from two different bacteria:E. coli and B.subtilis. These factors share common morphological features , showing two different views: one is 6-fold, while the other shows 7 morphological units. There is also a correlation between the presence of a dominant 6-fold view and the fact of both bacteria been grown at low temperature (32°C), while the 7-fold is the main view at higher temperatures (42°C). As the two-dimensional projections of groEL were difficult to interprete, we studied their three-dimensional reconstruction by the random conical tilt series method from negatively stained particles.

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