A revision of the lichen genus Platismatia (Parmeliaceae) in Russia, with a key to the species

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-194
Author(s):  
E. S Kuznetsova ◽  
I. S. Stepanchikova ◽  
I. F. Skirina ◽  
S. V. Chesnokov ◽  
D. E. Himelbrant
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Northeastern Asia ◽  
Commander Islands ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Herbarium Collections

The paper presents the results of the study on Platismatia species in Russia. The genus Platismatia counts 11 species, distributed mainly in the Pacific region, with some endemics of western North America and northeastern Asia. Six species were known from Russia by the beginning of our studies, but a revision of the herbarium collections showed that three species (P. erosa, P. herrei, and P. lacunosa) were reported erroneously. Based on morphological and chemotaxonomical (HPTLC) examination of the herbarium collections and our own material, as well as the study of relevant literature, four species of Platismatia are here accepted for Russia: P. glauca, P. interrupta, P. lacunosa, and P. norvegica. Platismatia lacunosa is reported here as a new for Russia from the Commander Islands. The distribution of P. glauca and P. interrupta is clarified. A key to all species of the genus reported from Russia and brief descriptions of the Russian species are presented.

Supplemental material: Cenozoic to Recent plate configurations in the Pacific Basin: Ridge subduction and slab window magmatism in western North America

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.K. Madsen ◽  
D.J. Thorkelson ◽  
R.M. Friedman ◽  
D.D. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Pacific Basin ◽  
Western North America ◽  
File Size ◽  
Tectonic Model ◽  
Ridge Subduction ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Northwestern North America ◽  
Slab Window

Geosphere, February 2006, v. 2, p. 11-34, doi: 10.1130/GES00020.1. Movie 1 - Tectonic model for the Pacific Basin and northwestern North America from 53 Ma to 39 Ma. The file size is 1.3 MB.

A new genus of cassiduloid echinoid from the lower Eocene of the Pacific coast of western North America and a new report of Cassidulus ellipticus Kew, 1920, from the lower Eocene of Baja California Sur, Mexico

1995 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Squires ◽  
Robert A. Demetrion
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Baja California ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Baja California Sur ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Lower Eocene ◽  
Shallow Marine ◽  
The Pacific

The cassiduloid echinoid Calilampas californiensis n. gen. and sp. is described from middle lower Eocene (“Capay Stage”) shallow-marine sandstones in both the middle part of the Bateque Formation, Baja California Sur, Mexico, and the lower part of the Llajas Formation, southern California. The new genus is tentatively placed in family Pliolampadidae. The cassiduloid Cassidulus ellipticus Kew, 1920, previously known only from the “Capay Stage” in California, is also present in “Capay Stage” shallow-marine sandstones of the Bateque Formation.

The Inland Penetration of Atmospheric Rivers over Western North America: A Lagrangian Analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 143 (5) ◽  
pp. 1924-1944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan J. Rutz ◽  
W. James Steenburgh ◽  
F. Martin Ralph
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
North America ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Water Vapor Transport ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Lagrangian Analysis ◽  
Initial Water ◽  
Atmospheric Rivers ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Synoptic Conditions

Abstract Although atmospheric rivers (ARs) typically weaken following landfall, those that penetrate inland can contribute to heavy precipitation and high-impact weather within the interior of western North America. In this paper, the authors examine the evolution of ARs over western North America using trajectories released at 950 and 700 hPa within cool-season ARs along the Pacific coast. These trajectories are classified as coastal decaying, inland penetrating, or interior penetrating based on whether they remain within an AR upon reaching selected transects over western North America. Interior-penetrating AR trajectories most frequently make landfall along the Oregon coast, but the greatest fraction of landfalling AR trajectories that eventually penetrate into the interior within an AR is found along the Baja Peninsula. In contrast, interior-penetrating AR trajectories rarely traverse the southern “high” Sierra. At landfall, interior-penetrating AR trajectories are associated with a more amplified flow pattern, more southwesterly (vs westerly) flow along the Pacific coast, and larger water vapor transport (qυ). The larger initial qυ of interior-penetrating AR trajectories is due primarily to larger initial water vapor q and wind speed υ for those initiated at 950 and 700 hPa, respectively. Inland- and interior-penetrating AR trajectories maintain large qυ over the interior partially due to increases in υ that offset decreases in q, particularly in the vicinity of topographical barriers. Therefore, synoptic conditions and trajectory pathways favoring larger initial qυ at the coast, limited water vapor depletion by orographic precipitation, and increases in υ over the interior are keys to differentiating interior-penetrating from coastal-decaying ARs.

scholarly journals Glacier retreat creating new Pacific salmon habitat in western North America

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kara J. Pitman ◽  
Jonathan W. Moore ◽  
Matthias Huss ◽  
Matthew R. Sloat ◽  
Diane C. Whited ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Global Climate Models ◽  
Glacier Retreat ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
Proactive Management ◽  
The Pacific

AbstractGlacier retreat poses risks and benefits for species of cultural and economic importance. One example is Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.), supporting subsistence harvests, and commercial and recreational fisheries worth billions of dollars annually. Although decreases in summer streamflow and warming freshwater is reducing salmon habitat quality in parts of their range, glacier retreat is creating new streams and lakes that salmon can colonize. However, potential gains in future salmon habitat associated with glacier loss have yet to be quantified across the range of Pacific salmon. Here we project future gains in Pacific salmon freshwater habitat by linking a model of glacier mass change for 315 glaciers, forced by five different Global Climate Models, with a simple model of salmon stream habitat potential throughout the Pacific Mountain ranges of western North America. We project that by the year 2100 glacier retreat will create 6,146 (±1,619) km of new streams accessible for colonization by Pacific salmon, of which 1,930 (±569) km have the potential to be used for spawning and juvenile rearing, representing 0 to 27% gains within the 18 sub-regions we studied. These findings can inform proactive management and conservation of Pacific salmon in this era of rapid climate change.

scholarly journals Using oxygen and hydrogen stable isotopes to track the migratory movement of Sharp-shinned Hawks (Accipiter striatus) along Western Flyways of North America

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0226318
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Wommack ◽  
Lisa C. Marrack ◽  
Stefania Mambelli ◽  
Joshua M. Hull ◽  
Todd E. Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
North America ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Migration Routes ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Accipiter Striatus ◽  
Hydrogen And Oxygen Isotope

The large-scale patterns of movement for the Sharp-shinned Hawk (Accipiter striatus), a small forest hawk found throughout western North America, are largely unknown. However, based on field observations we set out to test the hypothesis that juvenile migratory A. striatus caught along two distinct migration routes on opposite sides of the Sierra Nevada Mountains of North America (Pacific Coast and Intermountain Migratory Flyways) come from geographically different natal populations. We applied stable isotope analysis of hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) of feathers, and large scale models of spatial isotopic variation (isoscapes) to formulate spatially explicit predictions of the origin of the migrant birds. Novel relationships were assessed between the measured hydrogen and oxygen isotope values of feathers from A. striatus museum specimens of known origin and the isoscape modeled hydrogen and oxygen isotope values of precipitation at those known locations. We used these relationships to predict the origin regions for birds migrating along the two flyways from the measured isotope values of migrant’s feathers and the associated hydrogen and oxygen isotopic composition of precipitation where these feathers were formed. The birds from the two migration routes had overlap in their natal/breeding origins and did not differentiate into fully separate migratory populations, with birds from the Pacific Coast Migratory Flyway showing broader natal geographic origins than those from the Intermountain Flyway. The methodology based on oxygen isotopes had, in general, less predictive power than the one based on hydrogen. There was broad agreement between the two isotope approaches in the geographic assignment of the origins of birds migrating along the Pacific Coast Flyway, but not for those migrating along the Intermountain Migratory Flyway. These results are discussed in terms of their implications for conservation efforts of A. striatus in western North America, and the use of combined hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope analysis to track the movement of birds of prey on continental scales.

scholarly journals How to Make a Weed: The Saga of the Slender False Brome Invasion in the North American West and Lessons for the Future

BioScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 496-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell B Cruzan
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
American West ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Plant Introduction ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Brachypodium Sylvaticum ◽  
North American West ◽  
The North ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Herbarium Collections

Abstract Historical herbarium collections and genetic analyses indicate that slender false brome (Brachypodium sylvaticum) was first introduced in test gardens in Oregon in the early 1900 s as part of the USDA’s plant introduction program. A small number of naturalized populations were established, but it was not until several decades later that this alien species became an aggressive invader. The Oregon invasive strains of false brome were generated as a consequence of mating among genetically divergent lineages. The resulting hybrid populations contained high levels of genetic variation that fueled the evolution of specific adaptations to the Pacific Northwest climate and ultimately generated genetically superior lineages. Although the false brome invasion has caused significant ecological and economic harm and is expected to continue spreading across western North America, understanding the circumstances that have promoted its success may provide valuable lessons for the management of native plants under pressure from global climate change.

Decadal Prediction in the Pacific Region

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 2959-2973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald A. Meehl ◽  
Aixue Hu ◽  
Claudia Tebaldi
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
North America ◽  
First Century ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Decadal Prediction ◽  
Model Reference ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Perfect Model ◽  
Reference Simulation ◽  
Twenty First Century

Abstract A “perfect model” configuration with a global coupled climate model 30-member ensemble is used to address decadal prediction of Pacific SSTs. All model data are low-pass filtered to focus on the low-frequency decadal component. The first three EOFs in the twentieth-century simulation, representing nearly 80% of the total variance, are used as the basis for early twenty-first-century predictions. The first two EOFs represent the forced trend and the interdecadal Pacific oscillation (IPO), respectively, as noted in previous studies, and the third has elements of both trend and IPO patterns. The perfect model reference simulation, the target for the prediction, is taken as the experiment that ran continuously from the twentieth to twenty-first century using anthropogenic and natural forcings for the twentieth century and the A1B scenario for the twenty-first century. The other 29 members use a perturbation in the atmosphere at year 2000 and are run until 2061. Since the IPO has been recognized as a dominant contributor to decadal variability in the Pacific, information late in the twentieth century and early in the twenty-first century is used to select a subset of ensemble members that are more skillful in tracking the time evolution of the IPO (EOF2) in relation to a notional start date of 2010. Predictions for the 19-yr period centered on the year 2020 use that subset of ensemble members to construct Pacific SST patterns based on the predicted evolution of the first three EOFs. Compared to the perfect model reference simulation, the predictions show some skill for Pacific SST predictions with anomaly pattern correlations greater than +0.5. An application of the Pacific SST prediction is made to precipitation over North America and Australia. Even though there are additional far-field influences on Pacific SSTs and North American and Australian precipitation involving the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) in the Atlantic, and Indian Ocean and South Asian monsoon variability, there is qualitative skill for the pattern of predicted precipitation over North America and Australia using predicted Pacific SSTs. This exercise shows that, in the presence of a large forced trend like that in the large ensemble, much of Pacific region decadal predictability about 20 years into the future arises from increasing greenhouse gases.

scholarly journals First Detection of Bat White-Nose Syndrome in Western North America

mSphere ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey M. Lorch ◽  
Jonathan M. Palmer ◽  
Daniel L. Lindner ◽  
Anne E. Ballmann ◽  
Kyle G. George ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
North America ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Wildlife Diseases ◽  
White Nose Syndrome ◽  
The Pacific

ABSTRACT White-nose syndrome (WNS) represents one of the most consequential wildlife diseases of modern times. Since it was first documented in New York in 2006, the disease has killed millions of bats and threatens several formerly abundant species with extirpation or extinction. The spread of WNS in eastern North America has been relatively gradual, inducing optimism that disease mitigation strategies could be established in time to conserve bats susceptible to WNS in western North America. The recent detection of the fungus that causes WNS in the Pacific Northwest, far from its previous known distribution, increases the urgency for understanding the long-term impacts of this disease and for developing strategies to conserve imperiled bat species. White-nose syndrome (WNS) is an emerging fungal disease of bats caused by Pseudogymnoascus destructans. Since it was first detected near Albany, NY, in 2006, the fungus has spread across eastern North America, killing unprecedented numbers of hibernating bats. The devastating impacts of WNS on Nearctic bat species are attributed to the likely introduction of P. destructans from Eurasia to naive host populations in eastern North America. Since 2006, the disease has spread in a gradual wavelike pattern consistent with introduction of the pathogen at a single location. Here, we describe the first detection of P. destructans in western North America in a little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus) from near Seattle, WA, far from the previously recognized geographic distribution of the fungus. Whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analyses indicated that the isolate of P. destructans from Washington grouped with other isolates of a presumed clonal lineage from the eastern United States. Thus, the occurrence of P. destructans in Washington does not likely represent a novel introduction of the fungus from Eurasia, and the lack of intensive surveillance in the western United States makes it difficult to interpret whether the occurrence of P. destructans in the Pacific Northwest is disjunct from that in eastern North America. Although there is uncertainty surrounding the impacts of WNS in the Pacific Northwest, the presence of the pathogen in western North America could have major consequences for bat conservation. IMPORTANCE White-nose syndrome (WNS) represents one of the most consequential wildlife diseases of modern times. Since it was first documented in New York in 2006, the disease has killed millions of bats and threatens several formerly abundant species with extirpation or extinction. The spread of WNS in eastern North America has been relatively gradual, inducing optimism that disease mitigation strategies could be established in time to conserve bats susceptible to WNS in western North America. The recent detection of the fungus that causes WNS in the Pacific Northwest, far from its previous known distribution, increases the urgency for understanding the long-term impacts of this disease and for developing strategies to conserve imperiled bat species.

scholarly journals Using oxygen and hydrogen stable isotopes to track the migratory movement of Sharp-shinned Hawks (Accipiter striatus) along Western Flyways of North America

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Wommack ◽  
Lisa C. Marrack ◽  
Stefania Mambelli ◽  
Joshua M. Hull ◽  
Todd E. Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
North America ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Migration Routes ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Accipiter Striatus ◽  
Hydrogen And Oxygen Isotope

AbstractThe large-scale patterns of movement for the Sharp-shinned Hawk (Accipiter striatus), a small forest hawk found throughout western North America, are largely unknown. However, based on field observations we set out to test the hypothesis that juvenile migratory A. striatus caught along two distinct migration routes on opposite sides of the Sierra Nevada Mountains of North America (Pacific Coast and Intermountain Migratory Flyways) come from geographically different natal populations. We applied stable isotope analysis of hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) of feathers, and large scale models of spatial isotopic variation (isoscapes) to formulate spatially explicit predictions of the origin of the migrant birds. Novel relationships were assessed between the measured hydrogen and oxygen isotope values of feathers from A. striatus museum specimens of known origin and the isoscape modeled hydrogen and oxygen isotope values of precipitation at those known locations. We used these relationships to predict the origin regions for birds migrating along the two flyways from the measured isotope values of migrant’s feathers and the associated hydrogen and oxygen isotopic composition of precipitation where these feathers were formed. The birds from the two migration routes had overlap in their natal/breeding origins and did not differentiate into fully separate migratory populations, with birds from the Pacific Coast Migratory Flyway showing broader natal geographic origins then those from the Intermountain Flyway. The methodology based on oxygen isotopes had, in general, less predictive power than the one based on hydrogen. There was broad agreement between the two isotope approaches in the geographic assignment of the origins of birds migrating along the Pacific Coast Flyway, but not for those migrating along the Intermountain Migratory Flyway. These results are discussed in terms of their implications for conservation efforts of A. striatus in western North America, and the use of combined hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope analysis to track the movement of birds of prey on continental scales.

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