scholarly journals Aralia armata roots: Extraction, isolation and molluscicidal activity against golden apple snails, Pomacea canaliculata

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Hong Chuong Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Pomacea Canaliculata ◽  
Good Activity ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
Compound A ◽  
Lc50 Value ◽  
The Common ◽  
Agricultural Industries ◽  
Herb Species ◽  
Molluscicidal Activity

Aralia armata is one of the common herb species in mountainous areas, especially in the northern mountainous areas of Vietnam, which has potential in pharmaceutical and agricultural industries. Herein, we report that an oleanolic acid saponin named pseudogisenoside RT1 methyl ester (A) was isolated from the roots of the species Aralia armata. The fractionated extracts of dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, water and compound A were investigated for their molluscicidal effects, specifically on Pomacea canaliculata. The tests showed that the extracts and compound A from A. armata roots had good activity against P. canaliculata snail. In particular, compound A had a Lethal concentration of 50 (LC50) value of 16.443 µg/mL.

scholarly journals Soil toposequence under man-planted vegetation in the Krkonoše Mts., Czech Republic

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 138-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Penížek ◽  
T. Zádorová
Keyword(s):  
Altitudinal Gradient ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Soil Cover Pattern ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
Haplic Podzol ◽  
The Common ◽  
Cover Pattern

Mountainous areas represent regions with specific soil cover pattern that is naturally given by an altitudinal gradient. The objective of our study was to describe the soil cover development on the altitudinal gradient under changed environment given by man-planted vegetation and acidification. The studied area is characterized by spruce monoculture planting that replaced the original broadleaf natural vegetation and high load of anthropic acidification. The common hypothesis considering the sequence of Dystric Cambisol-Entic Podzol-Haplic Podzol with increasing altitude was not proved. The results of our study indicate that the influence of spruce vegetation causes the occurrence of Haplic Podzols at low altitudes where the natural soil formation does not induce their development. Results showed that the vegetation type can overrule other altitude-related soil-forming factors. The conversion of natural broadleaf and mixed forests to spruce monocultures leads to the expansion of podzolization process to lower altitudes.

scholarly journals MOLLUSCICIDAL ACTIVITY OF ZINGIBER OFFICINALE AND CARICA PAPAYA ON THE EGG HATCHABILITY OF THE GOLDEN APPLE SNAIL, POMACEA CANALICULATA (GASTROPODA: AMPULIRIIDAE)

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-50
Author(s):  
Hasnun Nita Ismail ◽  
Nadia Nisha Musa
Keyword(s):  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Freshwater Snail ◽  
Pomacea Canaliculata ◽  
Apple Snail ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Egg Hatchability ◽  
Golden Apple Snail ◽  
Molluscicidal Activity

The study was conducted to assess the effect of Zingiber officinale and Carica papaya extract on the egg hatchability of the golden apple snail, Pomacea canaliculata. This is a freshwater snail that is considered a pest in agriculture as well as natural ecosystems. In combating the population of the aforementioned pest, this study evaluates the use of plant extracts such as biomolluscicides to control the production of new hatchlings from the clusters of eggs. The egg clusters were exposed to different concentrations of Z. officinale ethanolic extract and C. papaya methanolic extracts (25 ppm, 50 ppm, 100 ppm) using the direct single spraying method. Observation was made for a maximum of 30 days. The time taken for the eggs to hatch and the number of eggs successfully hatched were measured to reflect the potential of both extracts in affecting egg hatchability. The finding shows that the eggs hatch later when exposed to increasing concentrations (25 to 100 ppm) of Z. officinale extract. The number of eggs successfully hatched was significantly decreased from 86% to 9% after exposure to 25 ppm and above. Meanwhile, the extract of C. papaya did not show any significant effect on both parameters for egg hatchability of P. canaliculata, regardless of the increase in concentration from 25 to 100 ppm. Our findings reveal that the extract of Z. officinale contains higher molluscicidal activity than the extract of C. papaya. Therefore, it has the potential to be commercialized as a biomolluscicide to control the population of golden apple snails specifically at the egg stage.

scholarly journals A Patient with Intermediate Syndrome with Toxic Encephalopathy Following Organophosphate Poisoning

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-43
Author(s):  
Mohiuddin Sharif ◽  
Muktadir Bhuiyan ◽  
Rajib Roy ◽  
Mahfuzul Haque ◽  
Md Robed Amin
Keyword(s):  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Toxic Encephalopathy ◽  
Organophosphate Poisoning ◽  
Unique Case ◽  
Compound A ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
The Common ◽  
Prolonged Coma ◽  
Delayed Encephalopathy

OP poisoning is the common cause of mortality and morbidity in Bangladesh. Although acute cholinergic crisis is the common form of presentation of such cases, the intermediate syndrome and delayed encephalopathy can be also presented in op compound. A 14 year old adolescent presented with acute onset of intermediate syndrome and simultaneous early encephalopathy after ingestion of combination of Chlorpyrifos with Cypermithrin known popularly as market name of ‘Mortar’. The patient was provided supportive care and few days of ICU care with complete recovery. The interesting feature of the case was absence of cholinergic crisis and hence patient was not treated with atropine or pralidoxime.The simultaneous combination of presenting features, prolonged coma and even on absence of specific antidote complete recovery was the highlighting points of this unique case. Bangladesh J Medicine Jan 2019; 30(1) : 41-43

scholarly journals Essential Oil Content and Chemical Composition in 14 Selected Species From a Stretch of Restinga in Southern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Teomar Duarte da Silva ◽  
Michele Trombin de Souza ◽  
Mireli Trombin de Souza ◽  
Roger Raupp Cipriano ◽  
Humberto Ribeiro Bizzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Caryophyllene Oxide ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
The Common ◽  
Cortaderia Selloana ◽  
Herb Species

The restinga is an Atlantic Forest ecosystem characterized by tree, shrub, and herb species that are rich sources of essential oils. In this study, we aim to quantify the essential oil content and determine the chemical constituents of fresh leaves of 14 plant species in a restinga stretch in southern Brazil. Essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Campomanesia reitziana, Cortaderia selloana, and Sophora tomentosa had no essential oils. Total essential oil content ranged from 0.01% (Mikania involucrata) to 1.56% (Varronia curassavica). In total, 60 chemical constituents were identified, representing between 46.2% and 96.5% of the chemical composition of the essential oils. Limonene was the common constituent in all species in which the essential oils were present. The major constituents were ar-curcumene (15.1%) and cis-chrysanthenol (14.2%) in Ambrosia elatior; benzyl benzoate (43.5%) and benzyl salicylate (23.7%) in Aniba firmula; caryophyllene oxide (35.7%) and spathulenol (10.6%) in Austroeupatorium inulaefolium; spathulenol (19.8%) and caryophyllene oxide (14.0%) in Baccharis spicata; caryophyllene oxide (16.3%) in Eugenia astringens; curzerene (30.0%), limonene (13.0%), and germacrone (11.9%) in Eugenia uniflora; caryophyllene oxide (17.1%) and ledol (11.3%) in Lantana camara; caryophyllene oxide (27.7%) and limonene (12.7%) in M. involucrata; 1,8-cineole (19.8%) in Psidium cattleianum; limonene (10.2%) in Schinus terebinthifolius, and allo-aromadendrene (15.2%) in V. curassavica. We expect that our results can assist in selecting species of potential interest for herbal, phytotherapeutic, and cosmetic products.

scholarly journals Molluscicidal activity of Ipomoea batatas leaf extracts against Pomacea canaliculata (Golden apple snail)

Food Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (S5) ◽  
pp. 131-137
Author(s):  
Noorshilawati A.A. ◽  
Nur Suraya A. ◽  
Siti Rossiyah S.
Keyword(s):  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Pomacea Canaliculata ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Apple Snail ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Golden Apple Snail ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds ◽  
Chloroform Methanol ◽  
Molluscicidal Activity

This study was conducted to investigate the molluscicidal activity of four different Ipomoea batatas (I. batatas) leaf extracts (hexane, chloroform, methanol, and aqueous extracts) against Pomacea canaliculata (P. canaliculata) and screen the phytochemical compounds of I. batatas leaf extracts. The golden apple snails (size range: 20–40 mm) were exposed to three concentrations (1000, 5000, and 10,000 ppm) of each extract (hexane, chloroform, methanol, and aqueous extracts). The efficacy of the I. batatas extracts was laboratory-tested by submerging the P. canaliculata into paddy-filled water mixed with the extracts and the mortality was observed every 24 hrs for 3 days. The presence of phytochemical compounds such as terpenoids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, alkaloids, and glycosides were tested. For all extracts, the results showed a positive relationship between the concentration and the golden apple snail mortality, suggesting that all extracts have molluscicidal properties. The study showed more than 50% mortality rate of P. canaliculata after 72 hrs for each treatment. Chloroform and methanol I. batatas leaf extracts at 10,000 ppm showed 100% mortality after 72 hrs due to the presence of saponin. Saponin causes the death of the snails by disturbing their feeding and growth and blocking their breathing process. For further research, it is suggested to conduct the study under field trials in the search for a natural and environment-friendly molluscicide.

THE ANTICOAGULANT AND METACHROMATIC PROPERTIES OF THE HEPARINOID G31150 IN DOGS

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clifford L. Jarrett ◽  
L. B. Jaques
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Anticoagulant Activity ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Breakdown Product ◽  
Polygalacturonic Acid ◽  
Coagulation Time ◽  
Compound A ◽  
Intravenous Injections ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Constant Rate

The heparinoid G31150 was studied in dogs, by techniques designed originally for heparin. The compound (a breakdown product of polygalacturonic acid, methyl ester (Geigy)) has 1.3 times the metachromatic activity but only 1/10 to 1/26 the anticoagulant activity of heparin. Heparinoid G31150 could be recovered quantitatively by procedures used to extract heparin from blood. Following intravenous injections of heparinoid G31150 approximately 50% of the injected metachromatic activity was found to be excreted in the urine. By its metachromatic activity the injected heparinoid was detected in the circulation, decreasing at a constant rate over a [Formula: see text] hour period. Determinations of coagulation time indicated much less G31150 present for a much shorter time.

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