scholarly journals Mehmet Zahid Kotku and the Iskander Pasha Jamaat: Sufis between Islam, Politics and Holdings

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 906-923
Author(s):  
I. G. Saetov
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Conflict Of Interest ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Political Islam ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Turkish Politics

The paper follows the path of development (and degradation) of the Iskander Pasha Jamaat, emerged from one of the branches of the Naqshbandi tariqa during the democratization process in Turkey in the second half of the 20th century. Originally an underground brotherhood, the community became a kind of an “invisible” university for many individuals in Turkish politics and public life. The community contributed to the emergence of parties of political Islam. After it parted with its leadership, it almost became a party itself, but was eventually reduced to a holding group and an interest circle. The study is based on a wide range of sources and research literature, including the following primary sources: the books and sermons of Mehmet Zahid Kotku and Esad Coşan, statements of Nureddin Coşan, biographical publications of the sheikhs’ students, and also an interview the author conducted with the leadership of the foundation affi liated with the jamaat.The author declares that there is no conflict of interest.

scholarly journals A Look at Yuri Bondarev in Turkey from Past to Present

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 282-292
Author(s):  
Badegül Can Emir ◽  
◽  
Hanife Saraç ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Russian Literature ◽  
Military Coup ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Turkish Politics ◽  
Successful Author ◽  
The Military

Yuri Vasilyevich Bondarev is one of the well-known names of 20th century Russian literature, and he is one Russian writer familiar to Turkish readers. A successful author of war prose, Bondarev attracted the attention of the Turkish audience with a wide range of literary works which includes novels, novellas, short stories, poems, articles, essays, interviews, etc. In this respect, the years in which he produced writings on the universal theme of war have an important place in Turkish politics. Bondarev began to be published in Turkey during the politization process following the military coup (1980) and he continued to be present in Turkey until the day he died. Especially in the 80’s when he was adopted as a war prose writer he was a guide for left-wing people in the struggle after the events of September 12. It is worth noting that the recent significant increase of interest in Bondarev’s work among Turkish linguists and philologists indicates that he is popular with the Turkish reader no less than the recognized classics of Russian literature. In this article, Bondarev’s position in Turkey from past to present will be analyzed in view of the studies on him in Turkish press and literature, and it will be emphasized that the author engrossed the Turkish reader with his artistic expertise and the ideology relayed through his works.

Measuring Political Democracy

2005 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 939-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirk Bowman ◽  
Fabrice Lehoucq ◽  
James Mahoney
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Error ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Central American ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Political Democracy ◽  
Index Construction ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cross National

Recent writings concerning measurement of political democracy offer sophisticated discussions of problems of conceptualization, operationalization, and aggregation. Yet they have less to say about the error that derives from the use of inaccurate, partial, or misleading data sources. Drawing on evidence from five Central American countries, the authors show this data-induced measurement error compromises the validity of the principal, long-term cross-national scales of democracy. They call for an approach to index construction that relies on case expertise and use of a wide range of data sources, and they employ this approach in developing an index of political democracy for the Central American countries during the 20th century. The authors’ index draws on a comprehensive set of secondary and primary sources as it rigorously pursues standards of conceptualization, operationalization, and aggregation. The index’s value is illustrated by showing how it suggests new lines of research in the field of Central American politics.

After Arminius

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas H. McCall ◽  
Keith D. Stanglin
Keyword(s):  
Primary Sources ◽  
Reformed Theology ◽  
Proper Understanding ◽  
System Building ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Modern Thought ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Vision Of God ◽  
Important Position

“Arminianism” was the subject of important theological controversies in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, and it maintains an important position within Protestant thought. What became known as “Arminian” theology was held by people across a swath of geographical and ecclesial positions; it developed in European, British, and American contexts, and it engaged with a wide range of intellectual challenges. While standing together in their common rejection of several key planks of Reformed theology, proponents of Arminianism took various positions on other matters. Some were broadly committed to catholic and creedal theology; others were more open to theological revision. Some were concerned primarily with practical concerns; others were engaged in system building as they sought to articulate and defend an overarching vision of God and the world. The story of this development is both complex and important for a proper understanding of the history of Protestant theology. However, this historical development of Arminian theology is not well known. In this book, Thomas H. McCall and Keith D. Stanglin offer a historical introduction to Arminian theology as it developed in modern thought, providing an account that is based upon important primary sources and recent secondary research that will be helpful to scholars of ecclesial history and modern thought as well as comprehensible and relevant for students.

Periodizing Secularization

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clive D. Field
Keyword(s):  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Master Narrative ◽  
Religious Socialization ◽  
Religious Revival ◽  
Religious Transformation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Descriptive Sense ◽  
The Church

Moving beyond the (now somewhat tired) debates about secularization as paradigm, theory, or master narrative, this book focuses upon the empirical evidence for secularization, viewed in its descriptive sense as the waning social influence of religion, in Britain. Particular emphasis is attached to the two key performance indicators of religious allegiance and churchgoing, each subsuming several sub-indicators, between 1880 and 1945, including the first substantive account of secularization during the fin de siècle. A wide range of primary sources is deployed, many relatively or entirely unknown, and with due regard to their methodological and interpretative challenges. On the back of them, a cross-cutting statistical measure of ‘active church adherence’ is devised, which clearly shows how secularization has been a reality and a gradual, not revolutionary, process. The most likely causes of secularization were an incremental demise of a Sabbatarian culture and of religious socialization (in the church, at home, and in the school). The analysis is also extended backwards, to include a summary of developments during the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries; and laterally, to incorporate a preliminary evaluation of a six-dimensional model of ‘diffusive religion’, demonstrating that these alternative performance indicators have hitherto failed to prove that secularization has not occurred. The book is designed as a prequel to the author’s previous volumes on the chronology of British secularization – Britain’s Last Religious Revival? (2015) and Secularization in the Long 1960s (2017). Together, they offer a holistic picture of religious transformation in Britain during the key secularizing century of 1880–1980. [250 words]

Theory in closer contact with industrial life: American institutional economists on competition theory and policy

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Matthew T. Panhans ◽  
Reinhard Schumacher
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Competition Policy ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Consumer Welfare ◽  
Antitrust Enforcement ◽  
Mainstream Economic ◽  
Competition Theory ◽  
One Stage ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Experimental Attitude

Abstract This paper investigates the views on competition theory and policy of the American institutional economists during the first half of the 20th century. These perspectives contrasted with those of contemporary neoclassical and later mainstream economic approaches. We identify three distinct dimensions to an institutionalist perspective on competition. First, institutionalist approaches focused on describing industry details, so as to bring theory into closer contact with reality. Second, institutionalists emphasized that while competition was sometimes beneficial, it could also be disruptive. Third, institutionalists had a broad view of the objectives of competition policy that extended beyond effects on consumer welfare. Consequently, institutionalists advocated for a wide range of policies to enhance competition, including industrial self-regulation, broad stakeholder representation within corporations, and direct governmental regulations. Their experimental attitude implied that policy would always be evolving, and antitrust enforcement might be only one stage in the development toward a regime of industrial regulation.

scholarly journals Did Secularism Fail? The Rise of Religion in Turkish Politics

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 528-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeynep Taydas ◽  
Yasemin Akbaba ◽  
Minion K. C. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Political Islam ◽  
Religious Movements ◽  
Religious Nationalism ◽  
Palestinian Territories ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Turkish Politics ◽  
Religious Parties ◽  
Democratic System ◽  
The Republic

AbstractReligious movements have long been challenging the modernist and secularist ideas around the world. Within the last decade or so, pro-religious parties made significant electoral advances in various countries, including India, Sudan, Algeria, and the Palestinian territories. In this article, we focus on the rise of the pro-religious Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi- AKP) to power in the 2002 elections in Turkey. Using the Turkish experience with political Islam, we evaluate the explanatory value of Mark Juergensmeyer's rise of religious nationalism theory, with a special emphasis on the “failed secularism” argument. Our analysis indicates that the theoretical approach formulated by Juergensmeyer has a great deal of explanatory power; however, it does not provide a complete explanation for the success of the AKP. The rise of religion in Turkish politics is the result of a complex process over long years of encounter and confrontation between two frameworks of order, starting with the sudden imposition of secularism from above, when the republic was established. Hence, to understand the rise of religion in contemporary Turkish politics, an in-depth understanding of history, politics, and the sources of tension between secularists and Islamists is essential. The findings of this article have important implications for other countries, especially those that are experiencing a resurgence of religion in politics, and are struggling to integrate religious parties into a democratic system.

scholarly journals Mathematics in the spirit of Joe Keller

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 708-715
Author(s):  
J. R. OCKENDON ◽  
B. D. SLEEMAN
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Mathematical Techniques

Over the two days 2–3 March 2017, about 80 mathematicians and friends gathered in Cambridge to celebrate the life and work of Joseph Bishop Keller (1923–2016), one of the pre-eminent applied mathematicians of the 20th century. Joe, as he was known throughout the world, made pioneering contributions to a wide range of natural phenomena and developed fundamental mathematical techniques with which to understand them. Twenty-four talks were presented at the meeting, given by mathematicians who have either worked with Joe or have been influenced by his work. Rather than summarise each presentation, we have collated all the contributions under the headings of waves, fluids, solids, chemistry and biology, and finally some history.

The Bauhaus Frame Reliability and Loosening

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 107-121
Author(s):  
Kazimierz M. Łyszcz
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Modern Architecture ◽  
Design Activity ◽  
Art World ◽  
Visual Form ◽  
Artistic Activity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Architecture And Design

The paper presents the problem of the frame, a clearly prevalent pattern in the selected activities of Bauhaus representatives. Despite only a dozen years of its existence, the school of modern architecture and design had a significant impact on the 20th-century world of art, and its social context, aesthetic and functions. In spite of its utilitarianist approach, it has developed a variety of standpoints that resulted in debates over the limits of art and have evolved into a wide range of creative movements that became a permanent feature of the art world. The essence of artistic activity evolved in this formation in two seemingly contradictory directions – towards a radical consolidation of the visual form, which is devoid of any decorations, and its gradual opening to the space surrounding the artistic and design activity. The first direction led to strengthening the integrity of the work and its materiality, while the second led to interference with the environment and the disappearance of the outline of the form. The diverse involvements and relations between these attitudes created different understandings of the frame encompassing the works.

Making History to/as the Main Pillar of Identity: The Assyrian Paradigm

Belleten ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 76 (276) ◽  
pp. 631-646
Author(s):  
Bülent Özdemi̇r
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
World War I ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
National Consciousness ◽  
World War ◽  
Large Segment ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Conditions

In the 20th century Assyrians living in Diaspora have increased their search of identity because of the social and political conditions of their present countries. In doing so, they utilize the history by picking up certain events which are still kept fresh in the collective memory of the Assyrian society. World War I, which caused a large segment of the Assyrians to emigrate from the Middle East, has been considered as the milestone event of their history. They preferred to use and evaluate the circumstances during WW I in terms of a genocidal attack of the Ottomans against their nation. This political definition dwarfs the promises which were not kept given by their Western allies during the war for an independent Assyrian state. The aspects of Assyrian civilization existed thousands of years ago as one of the real pillars of their identity suffer from the artificially developed political unification around the aspects of their doom in WWI presented as a genocidal case. Additionally, this plays an efficient role in removal of existing religious and sectarian differences for centuries among Assyrians. This paper aims at showing in the framework of primary sources how Assyrian genocidal claims are being used pragmatically in the formation of national consciousness in a very effective way. Not the Assyrian civilization but their constructed history in WWI is used for the formation of their nation definition.

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