scholarly journals Psychological knowledge in Tatar theological heritage

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 939-961
Author(s):  
R. R. Safiullina
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Psychological Issues ◽  
Public Figures ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Literary Thought ◽  
New Type ◽  
Religious Ideals ◽  
Psychological Knowledge ◽  
Islamic Society

The article presents the results of the study on how the Psychological issues were reflected in Tatar literature and in book-composing traditions, in textbooks and works of Tatar scientists, teachers, religious and public figures of the early 20th century. Ideological, aesthetic and artistic features of the works of Tatar literature representatives developed in accordance with Sufi traditions, with the domination and prevalence of didactic and humanistic principles. Without losing its eastern roots, which go deep into Sufi philosophical and aesthetic thought, Tatar literature in the early twentieth century becomes susceptible to the perception and creative rethinking of new, modernist experiments. Publications by Musa Bigiev, M. al-Gaffari, and others, which appeared in the early twentieth century, devoted to the problems of creating high art, in which religious ideals of Islamic society would be expressed and which would contribute to religious reform, were an important factor that played a role in the development of Tatar theoretical and literary thought in the early twentieth century, where there is a special interest in the psychological direction in Russian literature studies. At the same time, translated essays devoted to the issues of Psychology appear on the pages of Tatar periodicals; a number of educational institutions of a new type begin to teach these subjects. Some authors of tutorials seek to use language and speech techniques in their texts to influence and convey information to students, in the form of Psychological Pedagogy methods such as observation, conversation and analysis.

scholarly journals Métodos, debates e projetos: as atuações do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro na educação (1900-1930) / Methods, debates and projects: the activities of the Brazilian Historical and Geographical Institute in education (1900-1930)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Thaís De Melo
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
History Of Education ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Construction Of Knowledge ◽  
Political Conflicts ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Educational Field ◽  
Education In Brazil

Este artigo apresenta alguns resultados da trajetória de pesquisa sobre a presença do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro (IHGB) na Educação . Dentre os aspectos abordados estão as contribuições do instituto para a construção de conhecimentos sobre a História da Educação no Brasil; as relações dos sócios do instituto com instituições de ensino e órgãos administrativos da educação; e os projetos de criação de cursos da Academia de Altos Estudos.  Nesse sentido, propomos considerar o IHGB como um lugar de poder atuante nos conflitos políticos relativos ao campo educacional e como instância produtora de políticas e projetos educacionais no início do século XX. Como fontes para essas questões foram utilizadas publicações e atas da Revista do IHGB, bem como documentos de arquivos de instituições relacionadas e periódicos existentes durante o recorte.* * *This article presents some results of the research trajectory on the teaching of the Brazilian Historical and Geographical Institute (IHGB) in education. Among the addressed projects are the Institute's contributions to the construction of knowledge about the history of education in Brazil; the relations of the members of the Institute with educational institutions and administrative organs of education and the projects of creation of courses and the Academy of High Studies. In this sense, we propose to consider the IHGB as a place of power that is active in political conflicts related to the educational field, and as a producer of policies and educational projects in the early twentieth century. As sources for these issues, publications and minutes of the IHGB Review were used as well as archives of related and periodical institutions existing during the period. 

scholarly journals What Is Bahai Orientalism?

Humanities ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Nash
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Postcolonial Theory ◽  
Religious Movement ◽  
Religious Writing ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Islamic Society ◽  
The Way

Scrutinizing the literature of a modern religious movement this article argues that postcolonial theory can effectively be brought to the analysis of religions and religious writing. The case study focuses on the way in which colonialism impacted the Bahai faith in a specific and formative way, causing its leadership to present aspects of the faith’s development by employing the codes of Western Orientalism. Drawing on nineteenth and early twentieth-century European orientalist texts composed either about their own faith, or the Islamic society out of which it grew, the article demonstrates how these led Bahais “themselves [to]… adopt [..] an essentially Orientalist vision of their own community and of Iranian society”. Edward Said’s Orientalism throws light on an enduring situation in which mutual othering has crossed from culture and religion into politics, however since the late 1990s critics have demonstrated that Orientalism can function in more varied ways than Said allowed. Finally, the possibility is discussed as to whether there can be such a thing as a postcolonial Bahai scholar.

scholarly journals Da Historiografia à Academia: o Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro na educação e na política educacional do início do século XX (1900-1920) * From Historiography to the Academy: the Brazilian Historical and Geographical Institute in the education and educational politicies of the early XX century (1900-1920)

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Thais De Melo
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Education History ◽  
Construction Of Knowledge ◽  
Political Conflicts ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Educational Field

Este artigo apresenta alguns resultados da trajetória de pesquisa sobre a presença do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro (IHGB) na educação. Dentre os aspectos abordados estão as contribuições do Instituto para a construção de conhecimentos sobre a história da educação no Brasil; as relações dos sócios do Instituto com instituições de ensino e órgãos administrativos da educação e os projetos de criação de cursos e da Academia de Altos Estudos.  Nesse sentido, propomos considerar o IHGB como um lugar de poder atuante nos conflitos políticos relativos ao campo educacional, e como instância produtora de políticas e projetos educacionais no início do século XX. Como fontes para estas questões foram utilizadas publicações e actas da Revista do IHGB, bem como documentos de arquivos de instituições relacionadas e periódicos existentes durante o recorte.*This paper presents some results of the research trajectory about the presence of the Brazilian Historical and Geographical Institute (IHGB) in education. Among the aspects approached there are the Institute contributions to the construction of knowledge about the education history in Brazil; the relations of the members of the Institute with educational institutions and administrative organs of education and the projects of creation of courses and the Academy of High Studies. In this sense, we propose to consider the IHGB as a place of power that is active in political conflicts related to the educational field, and as a producer of policies and educational projects in the early twentieth century. As sources for these issues, publications and minutes of the IHGB Journal were used as well as archives of related institutions and journals that existed during the period.

scholarly journals THE STRUGGLE OF ISLAM AND CHRISTIANITY IN THE ESTABLISHMENT OF EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN BOLAANG MONGONDOW, NORTH SULAWESI (1905-1942)

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-48
Author(s):  
Sabil Mokodenseho ◽  
Arif Zamhari
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Muslim Children ◽  
Islam And Christianity ◽  
Muslim Communities ◽  
Historical Methods

This study was conducted due to the scholars’ lack of attention in revealing the conditions of education in Bolaang Mongondow in the early twentieth century. Using historical methods, as well as sociological, religious, and political approaches, this study finds that in the early twentieth century, indigenous people received education through the Sarekat Islam's Islamic Education and Teaching Center and the Zending educational institution founded by Christian missionaries. Zending education for indigenous Muslim communities was a form of knowledge discrimination because education was only specifically for Christian children, European descent, and aristocrats, while indigenous Muslim children were not allowed. In contrast, Islamic educational institutions were established to accommodate all Muslim children. As a result, although Islamic education institutions existed long after the Zending educational institutions, their educational institutions can compete. Zending's education ended with the fall of Dutch rule, while Islamic educational institutions continue to exist to date. The differences between the two religions in managing educational institutions lead this paper to the conclusion that religion is important not only in responding to and positioning oneself in power relations but also in empowering individuals and groups.

scholarly journals Kavelin and Russian Liberalism

Slavic Review ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Field
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Public Figures ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Almost All

Konstantin Dmitrievich Kavelin has long been regarded as both a leader and archetype of nineteenth-century Russian liberalism. It is not clear, however, what “liberal” and “liberalism” mean with reference to nineteenth-century Russia. Russian liberals of the early twentieth century, seeking to create a tradition for their movement, put the most diverse figures from the past in the liberal pantheon. Soviet historians, with somewhat more justice but the same kind of zeal, have sharply demarcated mid-century radicals, with, whom they sympathize, from the liberals. American historians of Russia tend to characterize as “liberal” almost anyone who tried to achieve social and political improvements by nonrevolutionary means. And almost all historians have resorted to the tautology whereby “liberalism” denotes the activities and doctrines of those public figures whom we know to be “liberals.”

The Last Dwelling before the Last: Siegfried Kracauer’s Critical Contribution to the Modernist Housing Debate in Weimar Germany

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 99-140
Author(s):  
Hans-Georg von Arburg
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Weimar Republic ◽  
Housing Crisis ◽  
Subsistence Level ◽  
Weimar Germany ◽  
Population Explosion ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Siegfried Kracauer ◽  
New Type ◽  
Big Cities

Abstract In early twentieth-century Germany a population explosion in its big cities created a housing crisis. A widespread and heavily medialized debate prompted a search for solutions and triggered a rhetoric of the last dwelling. From large communal estates to subsistence-level dwellings, a new type of housing was propagated in newspapers, magazines, exhibitions, films, guidebooks, and advertisements. Siegfried Kracauer, architect, journalist, and author, also became engaged in this debate, willfully reinterpreting New Objectivity’s aesthetics of things (Dingästhetik) both in architectural critiques for the Frankfurter Zeitung and in his novel Ginster. This article analyzes Kracauer’s critical contribution to the modernist housing debate in the Weimar Republic.

‘Words Filled With Tears’: Amorous Discourse as Lamentation in the Palaiologan Romances

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Agapitos
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Old French ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
New Type ◽  
Folk Poetry ◽  
Old French Romance

This chapter examines a particular way in which feelings of love are expressed in the Palaiologan romances (c. 1250–1350). This manner of expression is presented through the systematic use of an imagery and vocabulary of lamentation, that incorporates into these highly artful poetic narratives a discourse deriving from folk poetry. These amorous laments (moirologia), as they are sometimes called by the narrators or even the characters, are not direct quotations of actual folk laments or songs as folklorists in the early twentieth century believed. They are a way of presenting amorous feelings to Byzantine listeners or readers (initially within an aristocratic courtly milieu, later also within a bourgeois environment) in a manner attuned to their contemporary and specific socio-cultural context, yet structurally keeping to the conventions set by the ‘Hellenising’ novels of the Komnenian age. These folk-like songs reflect a new type of poetic and emotional sensibility in late Byzantium, partly in response to Old French romance as it was available in the thirteenth century (orally, at least), partly in response to a growing interest in ‘folk subjects’ as attested by the collections of vernacular proverbs and popular lore.

Print and the Urdu Public

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Eaton Robb
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Local Politics ◽  
Temporal Orientation ◽  
Muslim Identity ◽  
Ethnographic Interviews ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Training Materials ◽  
New Type ◽  
Government Records

In early twentieth-century British India, prior to the arrival of digital medias and after the rise of nationalist political movements, a small-town paper from the margins became a key node for an Urdu journalism conversation with particular influence in the United Provinces and Punjab. Understanding this newspaper’s rise shows how a print public characterized by bottom-up as well as top-down approaches influenced the evolution of a new type of Urdu public in twentieth-century South Asia. Addressing a gap in scholarship on Urdu media in the early twentieth century, during the period when it underwent some of its most critical transformations, this book contributes a discursive and material analysis of a previously unexamined Urdu newspaper, Madinah, augmenting its analysis with evidence from contemporary Urdu, English, and Hindi papers; government records; private diaries; private library holdings; ethnographic interviews with families who owned and ran the newspaper; and training materials for newspaper printers. Madinah identified the Urdu newspaper conversation both explicitly and implicitly with Muslim identity, a commitment that became difficult to manage as the pro-Congress paper sought simultaneously to counter calls for Pakistan, to criticize Congress’s treatment of Muslims, and to emphasize Urdu’s necessary connection to Muslim identity. Since Madinah delineated the boundaries of a Muslim, public conversation in a way that emphasized rootedness to local politics and small urban spaces like Bijnor, this study demonstrates the necessity of considering spatial and temporal orientation in studies of the public in South Asia.

The Changing Aesthetics of Vocal Registration in the Age Of ‘Verismo’

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Gentili
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Vocal Registers ◽  
New Type ◽  
Classical Singers

Abstract The idea that classical singers should join the notes of the vocal line by maintaining a consistent vocal colour is a relatively recent historical construct. In the last decades of the nineteenth century, singers in the Italian tradition were loyal to a very different vocal aesthetic, which valued the distinct differences in timbre between different vocal registers, as this article shows through a comparative analysis of pedagogical writing and pre-1925 recordings. The latter reveal that, in the early twentieth century, old and new techniques for uniting the vocal registers coexisted, and reflected an aesthetic transition towards a more gendered quality of the operatic voice. This process was intertwined with profound transformations in Italian operatic culture. The demands of a new realistic idiom known as verismo required a new type of vocalism, which prompted singers to re-conceive the ‘art of vocal registration’.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING OF TEACHERS IN VOLYN AT THE BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURY

2021 ◽  
pp. 178-192
Author(s):  
Svitlana Tsetsyk ◽  
Yaroslav Tsetsyk
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Vocational Education ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Primary School Teachers ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Archival Documents

Summary. The purpose of the study is to reveal the peculiarities of the formation of professional training of students and the improvement of pedagogical skills of teachers of primary schools in Volyn in the early twentieth century on the basis of the analysis of the works of Ukrainian scientists and archival documents. The research methodology is based on a combination of the principles of scientificity, objectivity, historicism and multifactoriality in the study of the proposed topic. The scientific novelty is that the peculiarities of the development of vocational education in Volyn in the early twentieth century are studied on the basis of archival documents. The authorities intensified the process of opening educational institutions where students had the opportunity to receive vocational education. The role of zemstvos in the organization and conduct of pedagogical courses for primary school teachers in the province has been clarified. The result of the study led to the conclusion that there was an urgent need to form a network of professional educational institutions in Volyn in the early twentieth century. Local governments played an important role in that process covering the costs associated with the opening of vocational schools. After their formation, zemstvos also took an active part in this work. One of their priorities was to expand the network of primary schools in the region and to conduct pedagogical courses for primary school teachers. An important feature was the growing number of subjects studying psychology and natural sciences. But not all plans were realized due to the refusal of zemstvos to finance the opening of individual craft schools. Many decisions remained unfulfilled due to the outbreak of the First World War.

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