scholarly journals The problem of studying the Montenegrin legislation of the early 20th century: normative and sociological approaches

2020 ◽  
pp. 267-282
Author(s):  
Varvara B. Khlebnikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Normative Approach ◽  
Sociological Approach ◽  
Legal Science ◽  
Sociological Approaches ◽  
Legislative Activities

The author of the article considers the development of Montenegrin law in the 19th - early 20th centuries and tries to assess the results of the legislative activities of the Montenegrin authorities, that issued new regulations and carried out large-scale codification work on regular basis. From the point of view of the normative approach, widely used in legal science, these activities seemed quite successful; the laws that met urgent needs of the state's development were created within short periods of time. However according to the sociological approach, one has to admit that the significant part of Montenegrin legislation was just a formality and was hardly implemented in practice.

TRADITION AND INNOVATION IN MODERN KAZAKH POETRY (XX century and independence)

2021 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-128
Author(s):  
Sh. Kuttybaev ◽  
◽  
Е. Abdimomynov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Evolutionary Development ◽  
Spiritual Values ◽  
Literary Traditions ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
National Poetry ◽  
In The Beginning

The article analyzes views on innovation in the literary science of the early twentieth century and the work of Alash representatives in an era that is a period filled with profound changes and large-scale innovations in Kazakh society. In addition, works related to freedom, enlightenment, politics, spiritual values, the position of the people as a whole and social changes are considered the idea of independence and continuity. On the way of evolutionary development of the Kazakh literature, artistic power, thematic and ideological character, substantial and stylistic features of poetry of poets in the beginning of the XX century and during the Great Patriotic War, in subsequent years and years of independence are discussed in detail. In addition, on the basis of literary traditions and novelty, the works of prominent poets of Kazakh poetry of the 20th century and Independence are considered and comprehensively characterized, i.e. internal motives, the content of life phenomena in national poetry are analyzed in close connection with the works of poets. The original vision of the traditional and differentiated in the literature of the Soviet period in the works of poets from a new perspective, from the point of view of today. In addition, the works of outstanding poets of Kazakh poetry in the period of the 20th century and independence are considered on the basis of classical tradition and novelty in literature.

The Sound of India In Maurice Delage’s Quatre Poèmes Hindous

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-296
Author(s):  
Noémi Karácsony
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Western Music ◽  
Personal Contact ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
French Music ◽  
Sound Effects ◽  
Instrumental Technique ◽  
The Relationship

"French composer and pianist Maurice Delage wrote several significant works inspired by his personal contact with the Orient. His travels to India inspired Delage to use innovative sound effects in his compositions, as well as to require his performers to adapt their vocal or instrumental technique to obtain the sound desired by the composer. His representation of the Orient is not a mere evocation of the Other, as is the case with most orientalist works, rather it reflects the composer’s desire to endow Western music with the purity, strength, and vivid colors which he discovered and admired in Indian music. The present paper presents the historical and artistic background which inspired and influenced Delage, the relationship between France and India in the early 20th century and reveals the composer’s idealistic point of view regarding India, its culture, and its music. The analysis focuses on the mélodie cycle Quatre poèmes hindous, composed between 1912 and 1913, striving to reveal the Indian influences in the work of Delage and the way orientalism is represented in French music from the first decades of the 20th century. Keywords: orientalism, France, India, 20th century, Maurice Delage"

scholarly journals Nahum Lipowski (1874–1928). Jewish theatre and film

Menotyra ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juozapas Blažiūnas
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Film Industry ◽  
Silent Film ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Knowledge Gap ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
History Of ◽  
Film Making

A significant part of the 20th century film and theatre posters preserved and stored in the Lithuanian archives of literature and art are related to the Nahum Lipowski Jewish Folk Theatre. The research focuses on the analysis of Lipowski and his works. It indicates that little attention has been devoted to the influence of Lipowski as a director and scriptwriter on silent film industry. The data yielded by this study prove convincing evidence that the beginning of silent film in Lithuania, film making tendencies and the history of Jewish theatre are related. The works of Nahum Lipowski and his biographical facts are a great illustrative example of the cultural life in the late 19th and early 20th century. This study can also clarify some aspects and fill the knowledge gap of the Jewish enlightenment movement followers.

scholarly journals The Beginning of the Kharkiv Pantheon Formation (on the Materials of Travel Guides of the Second Half of the 19th – Early 20th Centuries)

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Professional Characteristics ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
History Of ◽  
Detailed Characteristic ◽  
The City ◽  
Professional Characteristic

The author explores the issue of forming the "pantheon" of the most prominent figures in the history of Kharkiv. To this end, Soviet city guides were analyzed. The names found on the guide pages have been recorded in the appropriate database. The author stated the principles of construction of this database and possible interpretations of the obtained results. It contains two fields - "faces" and "mentions". In the first box, those names found on the guide pages were recorded, and in the second box, those ratings that accompany a specific name were recorded. Along with fixing a person's name, a social or professional characteristic (scientist, military, architect, statesman, etc.) was also mentioned. In the "mention" field, depending on the nature of the mention of a person, a coefficient was stated: if the name was mentioned without a rating, it is a factor # 1 (1 point), a combination with such epithets as "known", "prominent" and the like – a factor # 2 (2 points), more or less a detailed characteristic of the activity, first of all from the point of view of impact on the development of the city – factor # 3 (3 points). As a result, it allowed to create a certain hierarchical name system and to separate "TOP-10" of them. In the long run, it will allow you to see a system of names in the dynamics, when some persons will fall out of the list of leaders at certain periods and others will be included in this list. It will also be important to capture changes in terms of increasing or decreasing attention to a particular category of people (social and professional characteristics). In total, more than 650 people were included in the database. The author concluded that in the early 20th century the guides less mentioned statesmen and local administrators, and more of artists, architects, and scientists. Also, the article states that in the late 19th and early 20th centuries the list of "local heroes" in Kharkiv has just begun to form. This can be explained by the absence of some known persons in the TOP-10 list. This is partly due to the fact that the guide genre itself has not yet been completed, and the first guides rather resembled information directories and were thematically imbalanced. Nevertheless, this material can be used in studying the initial stage of assembly of the "Kharkiv Pantheon".

scholarly journals So-called “Lollardsʼs Catechism”. The translation of part from middle English to Russian with commentary and introduction article

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-89
Author(s):  
Sergey A. Zakharov
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Middle English ◽  
Russian Translation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
John Wycliffe

Publication of the Russian translation of part of so-called “Lollardsʼs Catechism”, which was written by anonymous author in 14th century England. The title “Lollardsʼs Catechism” was given by first editors in the early 20th century, because the text wasnʼt originally entitled. The text is an expanded version of official Catechism, written by ordered archbishop of York John de Thoresby (died 1373). In comparison with the original, anonymous author focused on the ethos of clergy. For some time, researchers believed that the author of the text was John Wycliffe (1320-1384), but now this point of view isn’t shared by scientists. The rhetoric presented in the text gives the reasons to believe that the text was written by one of the wandering preachers, who may have belonged to the Lollards, who were especially active in England in the second half of the 14th century.

Measurements of Russia’s economic growth in the early 20th century and the problem of sources

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
В.В. Поликарпов
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Rational Approach ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Cumulative Experience

В спорах о том, процветала ли или переживала кризис поздняя Российская империя, историки разделились на «оптимистов» и «пессимистов». При обосновании своей точки зрения обе стороны прибегают к статистическим подсчетам, но особенности хозяйственного быта в России и бедность имеющегося материала источников ограничивают результативность статистических и макроэкономических приемов сравнительного изучения. Наиболее рациональным представляется сочетание квантитативного подхода с анализом описательных источников. Ключевым направлением исследования, обеспеченным документальной базой, может послужить приоритетная для власти сфера — промышленная и научно-техническая подготовка к войне. Состояние дел в этой области показывает предел возможностей страны и поэтому важно для понимания общих процессов ее развития. Накопленный историками и экономистами исследовательский опыт заслуживает критического анализа. While disputing whether the late Russian Empire experienced a crisis or lived in prosperity, historians are either pessimists or optimists. To confirm their point of view they refer to statistic data, but the resulting quality of both statistical and macroeconomic methods is much lowered by the lack of sources and the specifics of economic life in Russia. The most rational approach could be to combine quantitive methods with analysis of descriptive materials. Industrial, scientific and technical preparations for war, which was of the top interest for authorities and therefore has a vast documentary base could be the key areas of investigation. The state of affairs in this area shows the limits and opportunities of the country and therefore this information is essential for understanding the general tendencies of its development. The cumulative experience of historians and economists should be critically analyzed.

Реформация системы вакфов в поздней Османской империи: институциональный кризис и поиск новой философии вакфа

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.V. Shlikov
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Direct Control ◽  
The Public ◽  
Republican Period ◽  
Early Republican

Аннотация В фокусе внимания статьи процесс трансформации традиционного института вакфа в Османской империи XIX начала XX в., основные детерминанты которого определили судьбу вакфов в раннереспубликанский период истории Турции. Распространение коррупции и снижающаяся эффективность деятельности значительного числа вакфов, использование сомнительных механизмов эксплуатации, замены и аренды вакуфного имущества негативно отразились на общественной репутации института, поставив под сомнение целесообразность и правомерность существования многочисленных вакфов. Озаботившись установлением непосредственного контроля над вакфами и их ресурсами, султан Махмуд II учредил в 1826 г. Министерство вакфов с обширными полномочиями. Однако разрозненность вакфов и их функциональное многообразие свели деятельность министерства к минимуму формальной регистрации решений, принимаемых на местах. В результате, система вакфов сохранила децентрализованный характер, а ее деятельность по-прежнему определялась преимущественно корпоративными и семейно-клановыми, а не государственными интересами. Наряду с распространением злоупотреблений важным катализатором кризиса системы вакфов во второй половине XIXв. стала политика османских властей по наращиванию роли государства в сфере социального обеспечения и благотворительности. В совокупности все это подготовило почву для масштабной конфискации вакуфной собственности, проводившейся в начале XX в. в разных частях Османской империи (от Турции до Сирии и Египта).Abstract The paper analyses the transformation of the traditional waqf institution in the 19th and early 20th century Ottoman Empire the process which determined the fate of waqfs in the early republican period of Turkeys history. The spread of corruption and precarious practices of exchange and rent of waqf properties together with the declining effectiveness of many waqf activities all this had a negative impact on the public reputation of waqfs and questioned both the legitimacy and usefulness of numerous waqfs and the large scale waqf network. The Ottoman authorities were concerned about the direct control of waqfs and their properties, in 1826 the Sultan Mahmud II established a Ministry of Waqfs with extensive power and jurisdiction. However, the scale, diversity and ramified structure of the waqf system reduced the real work of the ministry mostly to the formal registration of the decisions taken at the local level. As a result, the waqf system remained decentralized and its activities were determined mostly by family and corporate interests and not by the state. Along with the widely spread corruption and misuse of waqf properties another factor conducive to the growing of crisis in the waqf system was the Ottoman states aspiration to play an increasingly important role in the sphere of social welfare, social security and charity in the late 19th century. The combination of these factors paved the way for the large-scale confiscation of waqf properties in various parts of the Ottoman Empire in the early 20th century (from Turkey to Syria and Egypt).

scholarly journals Irrationality as an Attribute of Legal Realism in the Assessments of Russian and Foreign Scientists of the Late 19th – Early 20th Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 76-79
Author(s):  
Vladimir Sergeevich Gruzdev
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Social Experience ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Legal Philosophy ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Empirical Content ◽  
Legal Realism ◽  
Philosophical Foundations ◽  
The 19Th Century

The paper considers some essential aspects of the genesis of legal realism from the point of view of its philosophical foundations and their transformation in the field of legal knowledge and legal understand-ing. Legal realism, focused on the ontologization of social experience, shifted the attention of legal sci-ence to pragmatic and relativistic methods of analy-sis. As a result of these changes, the principle of knowledge of law was the beginning of irrational-ism, which was manifested in various aspects. The variability of empirical content in the field of legal philosophy was often the reason for refusing to search for regularities in it. In the 19th century, the philosophical attitudes of pragmatism and relativism became the basis for the substantial strengthening of the position of realistic approaches to law. One of the most revealing themes of the use and tenden-tious movement towards the principle of irrational-ism was the category of “normality”.

scholarly journals Image of a city in commemorative kerchief of the 19th – 21st centuries

2020 ◽  
pp. 51-69
Author(s):  
Наталия Ивановна Ковалева
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Domestic Production ◽  
Architectural Elements ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City ◽  
Modern Russian

Статья продолжает серию публикаций автора об истории российской текстильной промышленности конца XVIII – начала XXI века. Данная работа посвящена эволюции художественных приемов воплощения образа города и передачи отдельных архитектурных элементов в сюжетных и памятных платках отечественного производства. В статье в хронологической последовательности рассматриваются изделия крупнейших московских мануфактур XIX – начала ХХ века: Даниловской, Прохоровской Трехгорной; агитационные платки, ставшие прямыми наследниками традиции платков памятных, и далее «текстильные сувениры» – предметы, созданные во второй половине ХХ века. Заканчивают обзор платки, создающиеся в настоящее время на Павловопосадской платочной мануфактуре – единственном крупном платочно-набивном производстве страны, и изделия современных российских дизайнеров, работающих в нише малотиражного авторского платка. The article continues the author's series of publications devoted to the history of the Russian textile industry of the late 18th – early 21st centuries. This work is dedicated to the evolution of artistic techniques devices of embodying the image of the city and the transfer of individual architectural elements in the plot and commemorative scarves of domestic production. The article chronologically examines the products of the largest Moscow manufactories of the 19th – early 20th century: Danilovskaya, Тrekhgornaya; agitation kerchief, which succeeded to tradition of commemorative scarves and then “textile souvenirs” – items created in the second half of the 20th century. The review ends with the shawls currently being created at the Pavlovsky Posad shawl manufactory – the only large-scale kerchief-printed production in the country and the items of modern Russian designers working in limited editions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document