Inmar, the Udmurt God, in Modern Udmurt Literature

One of the productive directions of research into Udmurt literature (and more broadly other Finno-Ugric ‘small’ literary traditions) is the identification and interpretation of multidimensional mythological clusters, textual representativeness and semantic ambivalence. In this work I have focused on only one aspect, the functional and semantic field of a particular character in Udmurt mythology and national poetry at the turn of the 21st century. The chosen mythological character is Inmar/God. The study has predominantly focused on ethnic and futuristic poems by Petr Zakharov, Viktor Shibanov, and Larisa Orekhova, characterised by a high concentration of mythological symbols. The presented research demonstrates how complex the image of Inmar is for direct artistic understanding.

SOME FEATURES OF UTIZHEV’S POETICINDIVIDUAL AUTHOR’S STYLE

Статья посвящена изучению поэтического наследия – одной из многочисленных граней творчества кабардинского поэта, писателя, драматурга, ученого-лингвиста Бориса Кунеевича Утижева. Актуальность исследования продиктована, с одной стороны, недостаточной разработанностью некоторых жанров (сонет, баллада, стихотворения в прозе) в адыгской (кабардинской) литературе, с другой – необходимостью восполнения существующего пробела в изучении поэтического наследия Б. Утижева. Научная новизна исследования заключается в том, что поэзия указанного автора впервые стала предметом отдельного комплексного изучения в диалектике формы и содержания. В центре исследовательского внимания – лирические стихи и сонеты поэта. Отдельное внимание уделяется новаторскому жанру стихотворений в прозе, выявляется специфика их идейно-тематической и структурно-композиционной организации. Детализированному анализу подвергается единственная баллада «Песнь», дается жанровая характеристика, выявляется степень соответствия произведения заявленному автором жанру. В целом, в статье рассмотрена тематика и проблематика, эстетика и поэтика лирических и лиро-эпических произведений: выявлены основные мотивы, изучен богатый поэтический язык, представлена характеристика индивидуально-авторского стиля Утижева. Определен вклад поэта в эволюцию национальной поэзии. В работе использован ряд научных методов, в числе главных – анализ, описание, а также герменевтический метод. Полученные результаты могут стать подспорьем при изучении истории адыгских (адыгейской, кабардинской, черкесской, черкесского зарубежья) литератур, в более общем плане – литературы народов Северного Кавказа и Российской Федерации, а также при составлении спецкурсов и написании квалификационных и другого рода исследовательских работ. The article is devoted to the study of the poetic heritage of Boris Kuneevich Utizhev, that is one of the many facets of the work of the Kabardian poet, writer, playwright, scientist-linguist. The relevance of the study is dictated, on the one hand, by the insufficient development of some genres (sonnets, ballads, prose poems) in the Adyghe (Kabardian) literature, on the other hand, by the need to fill the existing gap in the study of B. Utizhev's poetic heritage. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that the poetry of this author for the first time became the subject of a separate comprehensive study in the dialectic of form and content. The focus of research is the poet's poems and sonnets. Special attention is paid to the innovative genre of prose poems, the specificity of their ideological-thematic and structural-compositional organization is revealed. The only ballad "Song" is subjected to a detailed analysis, a genre characteristic is given, the degree of conformity of the work to the genre declared by the author is revealed. In general, the article examines the topics and problems, aesthetics and poetics of lyric and lyric-epic works: the main motives are revealed, the rich poetic language is studied, the characteristic of Utizhev’s individual author style is presented. The contribution of the poet to the evolution of national poetry is determined. A number of scientific methods were used in the work, among the main ones - analysis, description, as well as comparative-historical and hermeneutic methods. The results obtained can be helpful in studying the history of the Adyghe (Adyghean, Kabardian, Circassian, Circassian abroad) literatures, more generally – the literature of the peoples of the North Caucasus and the Russian Federation, as well as in the preparation of special courses and writing qualification and other types of research work.

TRADITION AND INNOVATION IN MODERN KAZAKH POETRY (XX century and independence)

The article analyzes views on innovation in the literary science of the early twentieth century and the work of Alash representatives in an era that is a period filled with profound changes and large-scale innovations in Kazakh society. In addition, works related to freedom, enlightenment, politics, spiritual values, the position of the people as a whole and social changes are considered the idea of independence and continuity. On the way of evolutionary development of the Kazakh literature, artistic power, thematic and ideological character, substantial and stylistic features of poetry of poets in the beginning of the XX century and during the Great Patriotic War, in subsequent years and years of independence are discussed in detail. In addition, on the basis of literary traditions and novelty, the works of prominent poets of Kazakh poetry of the 20th century and Independence are considered and comprehensively characterized, i.e. internal motives, the content of life phenomena in national poetry are analyzed in close connection with the works of poets. The original vision of the traditional and differentiated in the literature of the Soviet period in the works of poets from a new perspective, from the point of view of today. In addition, the works of outstanding poets of Kazakh poetry in the period of the 20th century and independence are considered on the basis of classical tradition and novelty in literature.

Each reader is not Mollah Panah

The strength of poetry by Mollah Panah Vagif is not only for the closeness to the people, or for nationality and the sweetness of language style, but also for universal characteristic features. Mollah Panah Vagif is one of the outstanding persons who has great value both in his living period, next centuries and nowadays too. His literary works are not only the beginning of Renaissance period of our national poetry, but also founded the basis of new literary school having a talent of showing reality. Mollah Panah Vagif's literary works play a lighthouse role for his followers. This literary school was the realism of our national-people poetry. This reality is our today's victory for our motherland. When we watch Mollah Panah Vagif's literary works through the mirror of XXI century, we can see that he has been risen to the peak of modernity of poetic talent. The main fact of this peak is Vagif's realism, his universal feelings, his accuracy and being laconic. Reflecting deep meanings with few words by poet is the basis of this work. That is the obvious example of the poet's high talent. Key words: each reader, mollah, Panah, Vagif, national poet, people, Shushah, Saatli estates, Ibrahimkhalil khan, Musah Kalimullah, Ali Galibari, Turan world

Talk the Poem: Re-positioning Poetry Recitation as Transformative Pedagogy

Poetry is often perceived by many as the genre of Literature, which is only accessible to specific kinds of individuals, with special artistic sensibilities. As much as we have moved away from formalistic notions of engaging with poetry, the text or written word itself, continues to be treated as an isolated substance, awaiting profound interpretation from those who are gifted with the skills of response. This article explores the importance of offering encounters with poetry which will enable sustainable transformation and growth for both teachers and students. The Talk the Poem (TTP) National Poetry Project was established to provide secondary students from across the island with the space and opportunity to engage with and recite Caribbean and British poetry, through interactive workshops and a national recitation competition. Through a series of critical self-reflective moments, core members of the TTP project attempted to determine the role and scope of the project in the lives of the secondary school teachers and students. This article reports findings on the positive and insightful outcomes of the TTP experience for teacher and student participants, deciphered through document analysis, team discussions, interviews, and surveys.

ARABIC: أدب المقــاومة في أقاليم توات جنوب الجزائر

Arabic literature of resistance in general and Algerian in particular in its field championships and the good management of their proud leaders, inflamed many Touwatia feelings and interacted with them positively with many poems and creative texts, describing proud and sometimes inciting callers, and disaffected revenge from the scourge of injustice and occupation crimes at another time. The literature of resistance or political poetry in its broadest and most comprehensive sense is poetry that is organized in a matter of politics or governance, and it is in many forms, including national poetry that praises the glories of the nation, including the liberal poetry that has been associated with the emergence of resistance movements and liberation organizations in the Arab world against modern forms of colonialism, Thus, this type incites and calls for liberation from colonialism and accompanies these movements in its path. This literary paradigm has determined the fact that the poets of Touwat would not separate them from the concerns of their nation and the issues of their religion, the barrier of time and place or the rest of the other barriers, so they recorded their national presence with full pride and pride, and these texts were the best testimony of the impact of all of them on the course of the nation’s events, so they participated in providing them first, history is second to it, which reflects the culture of everyone and their follow-up to all historical events.

Sydir Vorobkevych on poetics: theme, idea

The purpose of the article. To analyze the scientific literature related to the study of the elements of poetics of poetic works of S. Vorobkevych. To study the author's views on the form of a poetic text. Research methods are predetermined by the purpose and tasks of the work, the object of research and are complex. The hermeneutic method and comparative and comparative historical, biographical method makes it possible to find out the dependence of S. Vorobkevych’s views on poetics on the life basis. Scientific novelty. The realization of this task is also connected with the study of the writer's views on poetics. They may not always be correct, some judgments have undergone some changes chronologically, but their value in understanding the poetics of works is unquestionable. The writer mostly used the term "style", interpreting this category as a set of artistic means that distinguish the work of one author from another. S. Vorobkevych divided literature into poetry, prose and drama. He differentiated poetry into folk (folklore) and literary. He defined a literary work as a structure consisting of content and form. In the content segment, S. Vorobkevych defined a theme and an idea. In his own work, the writer described two themes: the theme of Bukovyna in various versions and the theme of the historical past of Ukraine. The poet defined the idea of a literary work as "pearl", "grain", "fruit". Conclusions. S. Vorobkevych’s arguments about the form of the literary work were important. The results obtained are an important material for expressing our knowledge of the poetics of S. Vorobkevych's poetic works; they are the material for comparison with the similar material on the artistic nature of Y. Fedkovych’s poetic works. Researcher might receive a general picture of the poetics of national poetry works in Bukovynain the second half of the nineteenth century on the basis of revealing common features, taking into account the data of other Ukrainian poets of the region of this period.

BALLAD GENRE IN KABARDIAN LITERATURE: GENESIS AND EVOLUTION

The article is devoted to the study of the ballad genre in Kabardian literature: the features of its genesis and evolution are considered in the context of the general Adyge literary process. For the first time, the issues of the origin of the genre in national poetry are studied, the entire evolutionary path is traced, from the origins to the present. The specificity of mastering the genre by Kabardian authors is investigated, specific works are analyzed for compliance / non-compliance with its canons. The ballads of Z. Naloev, B. Utizhev, A. Orazaev, Kh. Kazharov, A. Bitsuev are subjected to a comprehensive, complex analysis, their content and structural-compositional features are revealed. The article uses a number of scientific methods, including the main ones - analysis, description, as well as comparative-historical and hermeneutic methods. The results obtained can be helpful in studying the history of the ballad genre in the Adyghe literature, more generally in the North Caucasian literature, as well as in compiling special courses and writing qualification and other types of research papers.