scholarly journals Exploring The Nexus Between Family Size Planning and Retirement Planning in Ghana

2019 ◽  
pp. 183-216
Author(s):  
Delali Adjoa Dovie
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Family Size ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Retirement Planning ◽  
Retirement Plans ◽  
Small Family ◽  
Large Family Size ◽  
Small Family Size

The study articulates the perspectives and attitudes of workers in an attempt to uncover thoughts and ideas in relation to the phenomena of family size planning and retirement planning. Use was made of both quantitative and qualitative datasets. The sample [n=442] was selected using a multi-stage sampling technique. The paper finds that there is a link between family planning and retirement planning. The reasons for this nexus encompass the fact that large family sizes may inhibit saving abilities. Further, large family size hinders the ability to save. The ideal family size in this context ranges between 1 and 5. The findings show that family planning positively correlated (0.688) with retirement planning. Stated differently, family size correlates with planning towards retirement to a greater extent. Whereas large family size inhibits retirement planning, small family size facilitates less expenditure and better savings, and ensures the availability of financial resources to be channeled into retirement plans. These findings reflect a change in thoughts regarding large family size as opposed to small family size. A gradual shift pertains to smaller families with retirement planning in focus. Also, annexed to family planning is social relationship building, both of which have implications for later life planning.

Complexe Woorden In Het Mentale Lexicon Van Kinderen

2006 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 53-65
Author(s):  
Maria Mos
Keyword(s):  
Family Size ◽  
Reading Ability ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Large Family Size ◽  
Small Family Size ◽  
Good Reading ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Complex Words

Do children's representations of complex words in their mental lexicon have an internal structure, with the stem as a separate unit? De Jong et al (2000) found that adults recognize words with a large Family Size, i.e. words occurring in many derivations and compounds, faster than equally frequent words with a small Family Size. This result is an indication that the occurrence of a stem in complex words facilitates the recognition of this stem. This article investigates whether the Family-Size-effect extends to children's reaction times as well. Using a lexical decision task, the effect was observed in 9-10 year old children (N=69) in Dutch. A large vocabulary and good reading ability shortened general reaction times, but had no influence on the difference between items with a small or large Family Size. Monolingual and bilingual children performed similarly on this task.

scholarly journals Gender Norms and Family Planning Practices Among Men in Western Jamaica

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melonie M. Walcott ◽  
John Ehiri ◽  
Mirjam C. Kempf ◽  
Ellen Funkhouser ◽  
Marion Bakhoya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Family Size ◽  
Gender Norms ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancy ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Large Family Size ◽  
And Gender

The objective of this study was to identify the association between gender norms and family planning practices among men in Western Jamaica. A cross-sectional survey of 549 men aged 19 to 54 years attending or visiting four government-operated hospitals was conducted in 2011. Logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with taking steps to prevent unwanted pregnancy, intention to have a large family size (three or more children), and fathering children with multiple women. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated from the models. Reduced odds for taking steps to prevent unwanted pregnancy among men with moderate (AOR = 0.5; 95% CI = 0.3-0.8) and high (AOR = 0.3; 95% CI = 0.1-0.6) support for inequitable gender norms was observed. Desiring large family size was associated with moderate (AOR = 2.0; 95% CI = 1.3-2.5) and high (AOR = 2.6; 95% CI = 1.5-4.3) support for macho scores. For men with two or more children (41%), there were increased odds of fathering children with multiple women among those who had moderate (AOR = 2.1; 95% CI = 1.0-4.4) and high (AOR = 2.4; 95% CI = 1.1-5.6) support for masculinity norms. Support for inequitable gender norms was associated with reduced odds of taking steps to prevent unwanted pregnancy, while support for masculinity norms was associated with desiring a large family size and fathering children with multiple women. These findings highlight the importance of including men and gender norms in family planning programs in Jamaica.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Malnutrition in the Rural Community

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
M Monir Ul Islam ◽  
AKM Enamul Haque ◽  
MMR Khan ◽  
MK Rahman ◽  
Chinmoy Kanti Das
Keyword(s):  
Family Size ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Health Program ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
Interview Schedule ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Large Family Size ◽  
Small Family Size ◽  
The Mean

This was a cross sectional type of descriptive study which was conducted in four villages of Puthia Upozila of Rajshahi district. A preformed interview schedule was used to collect data from a purposively selected sample of 518 respondents. The study revealed that 42.9% children had 1st degree malnutrition, about 19.5% children had 2nd malnutrition and 1.7% had 3rd degree malnutrition. The mean age of the children was 3.45 ± SD 1.33 years. Out of 518 respondents 74.7% had monthly income of Tk. 5000/- or less and 25.3% respondents had monthly income of Tk. 5001/- and above. The mean monthly was Tk. 5039/- ± SD 3869.36.Undernutrition was more in female children (70.1%) than male children (51.2%). In large family size under nutrition were more (68.4%) in comparison to small family size (61.4%). The study would be helpful in future community survey on nutritional status of under five children and in formulating effective national nutrition health program and facilitating their effective implementation.TAJ 2012; 25: 13-16

Socioeconomic Factors in Adolescent Delinquency

1985 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.D. Jejurikar ◽  
N.S. Shenvi
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Delinquency ◽  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Family Size ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Adolescent Delinquency ◽  
Sexual Offences ◽  
Large Family Size ◽  
Family Pattern ◽  
Delinquent Boys

[In Bombay, 371 delinquent boys and girls were interviewed in order to study the various socioeconomic factors. In the majority of the cases, an adverse home environ ment played a major role. 45% of the boys and 50% of the girls had incurred loss of one or both the parents. Factors like poverty, large family size, nuclear family pattern and illiteracy had a great bearing in causing aberrant behaviour in these children. Involvement in sexual offences in the form of elopement and/or rape were observed in girls. In boys, stealing was a major reason for being in the observation home. 70% of the delinquents did not belong to proper Bombay. With rapid urbanisation, the problem of juvenile delinquency is bound to increase manifold in the next few decades}.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Predictors of Maternal Anemia during Pregnancy in Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia: An Institutional Based Cross-Sectional Study

Anemia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mulugeta Melku ◽  
Zelalem Addis ◽  
Meseret Alem ◽  
Bamlaku Enawgaw
Keyword(s):  
Family Size ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Maternal Anemia ◽  
Large Family Size ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Background. Anaemia is a global public health problem which has an eminence impact on pregnant mother. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and predictors of maternal anemia.Method. A cross-sectional study was conducted from March 1 to April 30, 2012, on 302 pregnant women who attended antenatal care at Gondar University Hospital. Interview-based questionnaire, clinical history, and laboratory tests were used to obtain data. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to identify predictors.Result. The prevalence of anemia was 16.6%. Majority were mild type (64%) and morphologically normocytic normochromic (76%) anemia. Anemia was high at third trimester (18.9%). Low family income (AOR [95% CI] = 3.1 [1.19, 8.33]), large family size (AOR [95% CI] = 4.14 [4.13, 10.52]),hookworminfection (AOR [95% CI] = 2.72 [1.04, 7.25]), andHIVinfection (AOR [95% CI] = 5.75 [2.40, 13.69]) were independent predictors of anemia.Conclusion. The prevalence of anemia was high; mild type and normocytic normochromic anemia was dominant. Low income, large family size,hookworminfection, and HIV infection were associated with anemia. Hence, efforts should be made for early diagnosis and management ofHIVandhookworminfection with special emphasis on those having low income and large family size.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE, IDENTIFICATION AND ANTIFUNGAL SUSCEPTIBILITY OF DERMATOPHYTES CAUSING TINEA CAPITIS IN A LOCALITY OF NORTH CENTRAL NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ekundayo Halimat Ayodele ◽  
Nwabuisi Charles ◽  
Fadeyi Abayomi
Keyword(s):  
Family Size ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Tinea Capitis ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
North Central ◽  
Large Family Size ◽  
Colonial Morphology

Background: Tinea capitis impacts negatively on the health of children, consequently affecting their education. Its prevalence is unknown in many African communities. Tinea capitis is faced with therapeutic challenges as resistance to all classes of antifungal agents continues to emerge. This study determined the prevalence, identified dermatophytes of Tinea capitis in Okelele community in North Central Nigeria; and evaluated the susceptibility of isolates to selected antifungal drugs. Materials and Methods: Three hundred and one pupils from seven primary schools in the locality who gave assent and those with parental consent were recruited into the study. Scalp scrapings and hairs were collected from participants and subjected to microscopy and culture. Isolates identified by colonial morphology and micromorphology were subjected to disk diffusion antifungal susceptibility testing. Results: Two hundred and twenty-eight of the participants had mycologically proven Tinea capitis giving a prevalence of 75.7%. The dermatophytes identified were T. rubrum (68.0%), M. ferrugineum (22.0%), T. mentagrophytes (8.0%) and T. verrucosum (2.0%). Resistance observed with these isolates was as low as 21.2% to as high as 100% while sensitivity ranged from 78.8% to 100%. Only large family size significantly influenced the occurrence of T. capitis among the risk factors. Conclusion: Prevalence of Tinea capitis from this study is high. T. rubrum being anthropophilic and the predominant dermatophyte identified corroborates large family size as an important risk factor. Antifungal resistance as a cause of therapeutic failure was demonstrated by some isolates in this study.

scholarly journals Challenges in utilisation of small family norm

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 276
Author(s):  
Varuna Pathak ◽  
Madhuri Chandra ◽  
Veena Rathi Bisani
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Family Size ◽  
Basic Question ◽  
Small Family ◽  
Ideal Family ◽  
The Family ◽  
Planning Methods ◽  
National Family Planning ◽  
Ideal Number ◽  
Control Study

Background: India is the most populous country in the world, sustaining 17.5% of the world’s population on 2.4% of the world’s surface area. Despite of India being the first country to formulate a National Family Planning Programme in 1952, the population of India continues to rise. Therefore a basic question arises, as to why do couple have a third child? For stabilization of population every couple must on an average have 2.2 children, but how far our family planning programmes having an impact on the beneficiaries, in terms of their ideologies and utilisation of the programme. To get answers to the above question the present study was undertaken with the following aims and objectives to determine the views about ideal family size and ideal spacing, to determine the degree of knowledge about various contraceptive methods, to know the family size amongst population not adopting small family norm and to know the reason for non-acceptance of family planning methods.Methods: This was a hospital based case control study. Cases were women with two live children and not practicing family planning. Controls included women who opted for family planning methods and adopted the two child norm. Both cases and controls were asked to fill up a questionnaire.Results: Most people practicing small family norm view ideal number of issues ≤ 2 i.e. 88% of males and 91% of females. 59.8% couples not practicing family planning, think ideal spacing ≤ 2 years. 100% controls had the concept of contraception.Conclusions: Desire for a male child in 30.6% cases is the most common reason for couples not following the 2 child norm.

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