Gender Norms and Family Planning Practices Among Men in Western Jamaica

The objective of this study was to identify the association between gender norms and family planning practices among men in Western Jamaica. A cross-sectional survey of 549 men aged 19 to 54 years attending or visiting four government-operated hospitals was conducted in 2011. Logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with taking steps to prevent unwanted pregnancy, intention to have a large family size (three or more children), and fathering children with multiple women. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated from the models. Reduced odds for taking steps to prevent unwanted pregnancy among men with moderate (AOR = 0.5; 95% CI = 0.3-0.8) and high (AOR = 0.3; 95% CI = 0.1-0.6) support for inequitable gender norms was observed. Desiring large family size was associated with moderate (AOR = 2.0; 95% CI = 1.3-2.5) and high (AOR = 2.6; 95% CI = 1.5-4.3) support for macho scores. For men with two or more children (41%), there were increased odds of fathering children with multiple women among those who had moderate (AOR = 2.1; 95% CI = 1.0-4.4) and high (AOR = 2.4; 95% CI = 1.1-5.6) support for masculinity norms. Support for inequitable gender norms was associated with reduced odds of taking steps to prevent unwanted pregnancy, while support for masculinity norms was associated with desiring a large family size and fathering children with multiple women. These findings highlight the importance of including men and gender norms in family planning programs in Jamaica.

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Analysis of the Prevalence of the Preferred Methods of Contraception During the COVID 19 Lockdown in Uganda: A Multinomial Logistic Regression Study.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-635015/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Julius Sseninde ◽

Allen Kabagenyi ◽

Betty Kyadondo ◽

Evelyne Nyachwo ◽

Agnes Kiragga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Family Planning ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Unwanted Pregnancy ◽

Information Access ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Post Intervention ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Short Acting ◽

Logistic Regression Models

Abstract Background In 2020 limitations to family planning information, access and utilization was exacerbated by COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown, globally incapacitating various channels to family planning information, access and, utilization. This study sought to analyse the prevalence of the preferred methods of contraception during the COVID 19 lockdown in Uganda using a multinomial logistic regression. Method Data was analyzed using univariate, bivariate, logistic and multinomial logistic regression models from the post intervention telehealth cross sectional survey.Results Out of the 244 women surveyed, more than three quarters (80%) used their preferred methods of family planning, while almost half of the participants (46%) used the Short Acting Methods as a preferred method of Family planning. The logistic regression showed that older aged participants, fear of security personnel, and fear that my spouse will know that the partner is using family planning as their biggest challenge plus participants who agreed that they won’t continue using family planning after the lockdown were less likely to use the preferred method of family planning. However, participants whose biggest challenge to access family planning information, and utilization was lack of money, those who received extremely adequate number of messages during the intervention and those that who were already using family planning before the intervention were more likely to use their preferred method of family planning. From the multinomial model, participants whose biggest challenges in accessing family planning services during the lockdown were fear of unwanted pregnancy, and fear if implant expires in her body were relatively more likely to use Long-term Acting Reversible Contraceptives than Short Acting Contraceptives as their preferred method of Family Planning. While participants who were relatively less likely to use to use LARC compared to SAC were those already using family planning before the start of the intervention. Conclusions We recommend prioritizing family planning information, access and utilization as one of the essential services during the lockdown, with more emphasis on intervention that address age specific needs and partner privacy issues. Addressing the use of LARC among women who are already using contraceptives is equally paramount in cases of the lockdown and health facility closures

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Contraceptive prevalence rate in women of reproductive age in a semi urban community of Islamabad

Journal of Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University ◽

10.32593/jstmu/vol1.iss1.33 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 15-20

Author(s):

Umme Kulsoom Khattak ◽

Saima Perwaiz Iqbal ◽

Ahmed Abdullah ◽

Ayesha Chowhan

Keyword(s):

Family Planning ◽

Urban Community ◽

Large Family ◽

Married Women ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Planning Methods ◽

Family Planning Methods

Objective: To determine the prevalence of utilization of family planning methods among married women of reproductive age in a semi urban community of Islamabad. Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was done using two stage sampling, including cluster and consecutive sampling techniques. A proportionate sample from each mohallas of Nurpur Shahan was taken to achieve our sample size. All married women of the reproductive age group (15-45 years) living with their husbands, not diagnosed as a case of infertility and permanent residents of Nurpur Shahan were included. Results: Total of 550 women were included in the study with mean age of 31.64 years. Majority of women 497 (94.7%) were currently married while 322 (59.9 %) were literate. Of all the women, 72 (13.2%) women were currently pregnant and only 62 (11.3%) had a planned pregnancy. Induced abortion was practiced once by 9 (1.8%) women and 21 (4.1%) had done it twice. 394 (72.8%) had knowledge of family planning methods and only 102 (19.5%) women were using family Planning methods currently. Conclusion: Miscellaneous challenges are involved to increase involvement of the women and their families in the use of family planning services. Health education campaigns at community level to increase awareness regarding different family planning methods are highly needed. Government needs to improve the LHWs services to increase the use of family planning methods and combat induced abortions as a method of contraception. Controlling population through sterilization after attaining a large family size should not be the preferred method of family Planning.

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Prevalence and Predictors of Maternal Anemia during Pregnancy in Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia: An Institutional Based Cross-Sectional Study

Anemia ◽

10.1155/2014/108593 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Mulugeta Melku ◽

Zelalem Addis ◽

Meseret Alem ◽

Bamlaku Enawgaw

Keyword(s):

Family Size ◽

Low Income ◽

Family Income ◽

Large Family ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Maternal Anemia ◽

Large Family Size ◽

Prevalence Of Anemia

Background. Anaemia is a global public health problem which has an eminence impact on pregnant mother. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and predictors of maternal anemia.Method. A cross-sectional study was conducted from March 1 to April 30, 2012, on 302 pregnant women who attended antenatal care at Gondar University Hospital. Interview-based questionnaire, clinical history, and laboratory tests were used to obtain data. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to identify predictors.Result. The prevalence of anemia was 16.6%. Majority were mild type (64%) and morphologically normocytic normochromic (76%) anemia. Anemia was high at third trimester (18.9%). Low family income (AOR [95% CI] = 3.1 [1.19, 8.33]), large family size (AOR [95% CI] = 4.14 [4.13, 10.52]),hookworminfection (AOR [95% CI] = 2.72 [1.04, 7.25]), andHIVinfection (AOR [95% CI] = 5.75 [2.40, 13.69]) were independent predictors of anemia.Conclusion. The prevalence of anemia was high; mild type and normocytic normochromic anemia was dominant. Low income, large family size,hookworminfection, and HIV infection were associated with anemia. Hence, efforts should be made for early diagnosis and management ofHIVandhookworminfection with special emphasis on those having low income and large family size.

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Exploring The Nexus Between Family Size Planning and Retirement Planning in Ghana

Interações Sociedade e as novas modernidades ◽

10.31211/interacoes.n37.2019.a8 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 183-216

Author(s):

Delali Adjoa Dovie

Keyword(s):

Family Planning ◽

Family Size ◽

Large Family ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Later Life ◽

Retirement Planning ◽

Retirement Plans ◽

Small Family ◽

Large Family Size ◽

Small Family Size

The study articulates the perspectives and attitudes of workers in an attempt to uncover thoughts and ideas in relation to the phenomena of family size planning and retirement planning. Use was made of both quantitative and qualitative datasets. The sample [n=442] was selected using a multi-stage sampling technique. The paper finds that there is a link between family planning and retirement planning. The reasons for this nexus encompass the fact that large family sizes may inhibit saving abilities. Further, large family size hinders the ability to save. The ideal family size in this context ranges between 1 and 5. The findings show that family planning positively correlated (0.688) with retirement planning. Stated differently, family size correlates with planning towards retirement to a greater extent. Whereas large family size inhibits retirement planning, small family size facilitates less expenditure and better savings, and ensures the availability of financial resources to be channeled into retirement plans. These findings reflect a change in thoughts regarding large family size as opposed to small family size. A gradual shift pertains to smaller families with retirement planning in focus. Also, annexed to family planning is social relationship building, both of which have implications for later life planning.

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The association between early in marriage fertility pressure from in-laws’ and family planning behaviors, among married adolescent girls in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, India

Reproductive Health ◽

10.1186/s12978-021-01116-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Anvita Dixit ◽

Nandita Bhan ◽

Tarik Benmarhnia ◽

Elizabeth Reed ◽

Susan M. Kiene ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Family Planning ◽

Family Size ◽

Adolescent Girls ◽

Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽

Contraceptive Use ◽

Uttar Pradesh ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Couple Communication ◽

Multivariable Regression

Abstract Background Married adolescent girls are vulnerable to risky sexual and reproductive health outcomes. We examined the association of fertility pressure from in-laws’ early in marriage with contraceptive use ever, parity, time until first birth, and couple communication about family size, among married adolescent girls. Methods Data were taken from a cross-sectional survey with married girls aged 15–19 years (N = 4893) collected from September 2015 to July 2016 in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, India. Multivariable regression assessed associations between in-laws’ fertility pressure and each outcome, adjusting for sociodemographic covariates. Results We found that 1 in 5 girls experienced pressure from in-laws’ to have a child immediately after marriage. In-laws’ fertility pressure was associated with lower parity (Adj. β Coef. − 0.10, 95% CI − 0.17, − 0.37) and couple communication about family size (AOR = 1.77, 95% CI 1.39, 2.26), but not contraceptive use or time until birth. Conclusions Our study adds to the literature identifying that in-laws’ pressure on fertility is common, affects couple communication about family size, and may be more likely for those yet to have a child, but may have little effect impeding contraceptive use in a context where such use is not normative.

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Correlates of food intake and mealtime behaviors among Kuwaiti adolescents

International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health ◽

10.1515/ijamh-2021-0005 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Tasleem A. Zafar ◽

Dalal Alkazemi

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Family Size ◽

Large Family ◽

Family Meals ◽

Whole Grain ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dietary Choices ◽

Mother’S Education ◽

Mother's Education

Abstract Objectives Eating meals with the family improves the food choices of adolescents. Studies conducted on Kuwaiti adolescents have reported suboptimal dietary intake; however, it is unclear what meal-related behaviors and family dynamics influence dietary choices in young Kuwaiti adolescents. This study explored the food intake and meal-related behaviors of young adolescents in relation to their mother’s educational level, parental employment, and family size and to identify meal-related behaviors associated with poor dietary choices. Content A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a modified and validated version of the International Health Behavior in School Children questionnaire recruiting 774 adolescents aged 14–16 years from all six governorates of Kuwait. Summary A higher level of the mother’s education was associated with higher odds of eating fruits and breakfast. A stay-at-home mother was associated with higher odds of consuming milk and home-made desserts. Larger family size was associated with higher odds of eating fruits, and a higher frequency of family meals was associated with higher odds of consuming vegetables and whole grain bread. All unhealthy snacks, including sweets, potato chips, french fries, home-made desserts, and sugar-sweetened beverages, were associated with higher odds of watching TV during mealtime. Outlook A higher level of mother’s education level, large family size, and family meals encouraged consuming fruits, vegetables, whole grain bread, milk, and breakfast, but consuming empty calorie snacks is very common. Family involvement in developing healthy meal-related behaviors is imperative for shaping healthy eating habits of adolescents.

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Prevalence of Malnutrition in the Rural Community

TAJ Journal of Teachers Association ◽

10.3329/taj.v25i0.37551 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 ◽

pp. 13-16

Author(s):

M Monir Ul Islam ◽

AKM Enamul Haque ◽

MMR Khan ◽

MK Rahman ◽

Chinmoy Kanti Das

Keyword(s):

Family Size ◽

Rural Community ◽

Health Program ◽

Large Family ◽

Monthly Income ◽

Interview Schedule ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Large Family Size ◽

Small Family Size ◽

The Mean

This was a cross sectional type of descriptive study which was conducted in four villages of Puthia Upozila of Rajshahi district. A preformed interview schedule was used to collect data from a purposively selected sample of 518 respondents. The study revealed that 42.9% children had 1st degree malnutrition, about 19.5% children had 2nd malnutrition and 1.7% had 3rd degree malnutrition. The mean age of the children was 3.45 ± SD 1.33 years. Out of 518 respondents 74.7% had monthly income of Tk. 5000/- or less and 25.3% respondents had monthly income of Tk. 5001/- and above. The mean monthly was Tk. 5039/- ± SD 3869.36.Undernutrition was more in female children (70.1%) than male children (51.2%). In large family size under nutrition were more (68.4%) in comparison to small family size (61.4%). The study would be helpful in future community survey on nutritional status of under five children and in formulating effective national nutrition health program and facilitating their effective implementation.TAJ 2012; 25: 13-16

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Women Do Not Utilise Family Planning According to Their Needs in Southern Malawi: A Cross-Sectional Survey

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18084072 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (8) ◽

pp. 4072

Author(s):

Maria Lisa Odland ◽

Oda Vallner ◽

Marlen Toch-Marquardt ◽

Elisabeth Darj

Keyword(s):

Family Planning ◽

Low Income ◽

Unwanted Pregnancy ◽

Unmet Need ◽

High Fertility ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Validated Questionnaire ◽

District Hospitals

Malawi is a low-income country with a high maternal mortality rate. This study aimed to investigate the use of contraception and factors associated with unmet need of family planning among fertile women in selected health facilities in southern Malawi. A cross-sectional study design was employed using a validated questionnaire to investigate the unmet need. A total of 419 pregnant women, who attended antenatal clinics at a central hospital and two district hospitals, voluntarily participated in the study. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify possible factors associated with unmet needs. Amongst the participants, 15.1% reported unmet need, 27.0% had never used a contraceptive method, and 27.2% had an unwanted pregnancy. Being married, 20–24 years of age, living in a rural area, and high parity were protective factors against having unmet need regarding family planning. Malawi, a country with a young population and a high fertility rate, has a high level of unmet family planning need. Barriers and facilitators need to be identified and addressed at different levels by the health care system, society, and the government of Malawi.

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Risks of Major Mental Disorders and Irritable Bowel Syndrome among the Offspring of Parents with Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Nationwide Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18094679 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (9) ◽

pp. 4679

Author(s):

Ta-Chuan Yeh ◽

Ya-Mei Bai ◽

Shih-Jen Tsai ◽

Tzeng-Ji Chen ◽

Chih-Sung Liang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Early Implementation ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

Irritable Bowel

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional bowel disorder that is highly comorbid with mental disorders. However, few studies have examined the risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder (MDD), and schizophrenia in the offspring of parents with IBS. We used nationally representative cross-sectional survey data to analyze cross-generational transmission patterns of both IBS and major mental disorders. Odds ratio (OR) was calculated by using logistic regression models with adjustment for potential confounding factors. Offspring of parents with IBS were more likely to develop IBS themselves (OR = 2.41, 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.09–2.78), ADHD (OR = 1.33, 95% CI, 1.08–1.62), and MDD (OR = 1.32, 95% CI, 1.04–1.68) than the controls. Data stratification by parental sex revealed that paternal IBS increased risk of ADHD (OR = 1.34, 95% CI, 1.01–1.77) in the offspring, while maternal IBS increased the risk of MDD (OR = 1.51, 95% CI, 1.11–2.06). This is the first study to reveal parental IBS is associated with IBS, ADHD, and MDD among offspring, suggesting the necessity for early implementation of prevention strategies for at-risk children.

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The relationship between socioeconomic position and health literacy among urban and rural adults in regional China

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-10600-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Wei Chen ◽

Hongfu Ren ◽

Na Wang ◽

Yaqing Xiong ◽

Fei Xu

Keyword(s):

Health Literacy ◽

Educational Attainment ◽

Socioeconomic Position ◽

Population Based ◽

Outcome Variable ◽

Average Income ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Rural Adults

Abstract Background To examine associations of socioeconomic position (SEP), separately indicated by education, monthly family average income (FAI) and occupation, with health literacy (HL) among adults in regional China. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among urban and rural adults (aged 25–69 years) who were randomly selected, using the probability proportionate to size sampling approach, from Nanjing municipality of China during October and December of 2016. HL, the outcome variable, was assessed using the Chinese Resident Health Literacy Scale. SEP, our independent variable, was separately measured with educational attainment, monthly family average income and occupation. Logistic regression models were introduced to examine SEP-HL association with odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results Totally, 8698 participants completed the survey. The proportion of participants with unweighted and weighted adequate HL was 18.0% (95%CI = 17.2, 18.8%) and 19.9% (95%CI = 16.6, 23.6%), respectively, in this study. After adjustment for possible confounding factors, each SEP indicator was in significantly positive relation to both unweighted and weight HL level. Participants who obtained 13+ and 10–12 years educational attainment, respectively, had 2.41 (95%CI = 1.60, 3.64) and 1.68 (95%CI = 1.23, 2.29) times odds to record weighted adequate HL compared to their counterparts who were with 0–9 years education. Subjects within upper (OR = 1.92, 95%CI = 1.24, 2.98) and middle FAI tertile (OR = 1.59, 95%CI = 1.19, 2.13), respectively, were more likely to report weighted adequate HL relative to those who were within lower FAI tertile. White collars were more likely to have weighted adequate HL (OR = 1.33, 95%CI = 1.09, 1.61) than blue collars. Conclusions Each of education, FAI and occupation was positively associated with health literacy among urban and rural adults in China. The findings have important implications that different SEP indicators can be used to identify vulnerable residents in population-based health literacy promotion campaigns.

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