Musculoskeletal Assessments Used in Quantitatively Based Studies About Posture and Movement in High String Players: A Systematic Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heike Schemmann ◽  
Nadine Rensing ◽  
Christoff Zalpour
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Measurement Instruments ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
String Instruments ◽  
Kinematic Data ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Optoelectronic Systems ◽  
Examination Techniques

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to identify and systematically categorize musculoskeletal assessments used in quantitatively based studies about posture and movement in musicians playing high string instruments (violin, viola) in order to inform further research and help to identify gaps in knowledge. METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted in the databases Cochrane, CINAHL, and PubMed as well as the journal Medical Problems of Performing Artists. Additional studies were searched within the reference lists of relevant articles. Sixty-four studies conducted since 1999 until May 2017 were included according to predefined inclusion criteria. RESULTS: Various biomechanical measurement instruments were used in 24 of the selected studies in order to collect two- and three-dimensional kinematic data: optoelectronic systems with active and passive markers, electromagnetic systems, ultrasonic motion analysis systems, and image-based analysis of posture. In 11 studies, kinetics were measured by optoelectronic systems, force sensors, and a posturographic device. Further studies used electromyography to evaluate muscle activity (19 studies) as well as instruments to measure range of motion (2 studies). Additionally, a broad range of clinical examination techniques (35 studies) and self-reports (36 studies) were used to assess the musculoskeletal system of high string players. CONCLUSION: The identified assessments could be used both in further research and in practical work in order to evaluate posture and movement in high string players. For future research, qualitatively based studies as well as psychometrically tested quantitatively based self-report assessments are required.

scholarly journals Determining at What Age Children Provide Sound Self-Reports: An Illustration of the Validity-Index Approach

Assessment ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 1604-1618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith M. Conijn ◽  
Niels Smits ◽  
Esther E. Hartman
Keyword(s):  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Person Fit ◽  
Validity Index ◽  
Index Approach ◽  
Validity Indices ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data

In psychological assessment of children, it is pivotal to establish from what age on self-reports can complement or replace informant reports. We introduce a psychometric approach to estimate the minimum age for a child to produce self-report data that is of similar quality as informant data. The approach makes use of statistical validity indicators such as person-fit and long-string indices, and can be readily applied to data commonly collected in psychometric studies of child measures. We evaluate and illustrate the approach, using self-report and informant-report data of the PedsQL, a pediatric health-related quality of life measure, from 651 child–mother pairs. To evaluate the approach, we tested various hypotheses about the validity of the self-report data, using the [Formula: see text] person-fit index as the validity indicator and the mother informant-data as a benchmark for validity. Results showed that [Formula: see text] discriminated between self-reports of younger and older children, between self-reports of children that completed the PedsQL alone or with a parent, and between self-reports and informant reports. We conclude that the validity-index approach has good potential for future applications. Future research should further evaluate the approach for different types of questionnaires (e.g., personality inventories) and using different validity indices (e.g., response-bias indices).

scholarly journals Narcissism - Oxford Handbook of PDs

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L Crowe ◽  
Brandon Weiss ◽  
Donald Lynam ◽  
William Keith Campbell ◽  
Josh Miller
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Scale Selection ◽  
Grandiose Narcissism ◽  
General Application ◽  
Current State ◽  
Selection Decisions ◽  
Significant Impairment

This chapter reviews the current state of the narcissism and NPD literature highlighting areas of progress, points of continued debate, and areas for future research. After a brief review of narcissism’s origins, current conceptualizations of the construct are discussed beginning first with NPD and continuing with narcissism’s grandiose and vulnerable dimensions. Grandiose narcissism represents the prototypical manifestation of the construct, while vulnerable narcissism is more commonly observed in clinical settings. A review of grandiose and vulnerable narcissisms’ nomological networks makes it clear that both manifestations can yield significant impairment, albeit of different forms. Converging evidence for a three-dimensional (i.e., “trifurcated”) model of narcissism, which allows for an integrated understanding of its grandiose and vulnerable dimensions is presented. We argue that general application of the trifurcated model is necessary to provide further clarity to the narcissism literature. The “oscillation hypothesis” (i.e., that narcissistic individuals fluctuate between grandiose and vulnerable presentations) is highlighted as an area of continued debate and emerging measures capable of investigating narcissistic fluctuation are identified. The chapter concludes with a review of self-report measures of narcissism and recommendations using the trifurcated model to guide scale selection decisions.

Flow Research in Music Contexts: A Systematic Literature Review

2019 ◽  
pp. 102986491987756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard Tan ◽  
Hui Xing Sin
Keyword(s):  
Research Output ◽  
The United States ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Measurement Instruments ◽  
Publication Type ◽  
Qualitative Approaches ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Flow Experiences

The purpose of this study was to review flow research in music contexts from 1975 until the first quarter of 2019. Specifically, frequencies/percentages were calculated for (a) output in five-year periods; (b) publication type; and (c) methodologies employed, including measurement instruments used. Content analyses were also conducted on topics covered. Using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) methodology, a total of 3,341 records were examined, with 95 studies eventually included in the analysis. Findings indicated a steady increase in research output over the last 25 years. Studies overwhelmingly sampled participants from Western populations, especially the United States. The majority of quantitative studies used self-report questionnaires, of which those developed by Jackson and colleagues were most prevalent. Among the qualitative approaches, interviews and observations were the most common means of data collection. Topics covered in the studies reviewed include the psychophysiological aspects of flow, transmission and group experience of flow, the association of flow with a range of positive outcomes, factors that contribute to flow experiences, and flow experiences of young children. Implications for future research were proffered in light of the findings.

scholarly journals Measuring musical preferences from listening behavior: Data from one million people and 200,000 songs

2019 ◽  
pp. 030573561986828
Author(s):  
Kai R Fricke ◽  
David M Greenberg ◽  
Peter J Rentfrow ◽  
Philipp Y Herzberg
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Behavioral Approach ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Previous Theory ◽  
Musical Preference ◽  
Musical Preferences

Musical preferences are a fundamental individual difference predicting a multitude of listening behaviors. For decades, researchers have investigated how musical preferences are organized but have been hindered by genre-based and self-report methodologies. Recently, researchers have begun to investigate musical preferences at the feature-level using stimuli, rather than at the genre-level using self-reports. However, these new methods have been experimental and limited in their ecological validity. To address these recent limitations, we use an ecologically valid behavioral approach based on one million people who listened to more than 200,000 songs from streaming services, which is to our knowledge the largest study to date on the structure of musical preferences. Individual musical preference was measured from song playback counts and analyzed using principal components analysis on the psychological and sonic music features. Our results showed that music-feature preferences had a three-dimensional structure confirming previous theory and research. These dimensions are Arousal (level of energy in music), Valence (spectrum of negative to positive emotions), and Depth (intellectual and emotional depth in music). These findings lay firm ground for future research on music-feature preferences and pave the way for social-psychological and neurobiological experiments with music.

Response Inconsistency of Patient-Reported Symptoms as a Predictor of Discrepancy Between Patient and Clinician-Reported Depression Severity

Assessment ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 917-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith M. Conijn ◽  
Wilco H. M. Emons ◽  
Bethan F. Page ◽  
Klaas Sijtsma ◽  
Willem Van der Does ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Ethnic Origin ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Item Scores ◽  
Cognitive Problems

The aim of this study was to assess the extent to which discrepancy between self-reported and clinician-rated severity of depression are due to inconsistent self-reports. Response inconsistency threatens the validity of the test score. We used data from a large sample of outpatients ( N = 5,959) who completed the self-report Beck Depression Inventory–II (BDI-II) and the clinician-rated Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). We used item response theory based person-fit analysis to quantify the inconsistency of the self-report item scores. Inconsistency was weakly positively related to patient–clinician discrepancy (i.e., higher BDI-II scores relative to MADRS scores). The mediating effect of response inconsistency in the relationship between discrepancy and demographic (e.g., ethnic origin) and clinical variables (e.g., cognitive problems) was negligible. The small direct and mediating effects of response inconsistency suggest that inaccurate patient self-reports are not a major cause of patient–clinician discrepancy in outpatient samples. Future research should investigate the role of clinician biases in explaining clinician–patient discrepancy.

Toward the Development of a Screening Scale for Assertive Training

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry D. Bates ◽  
Saundra F. Zimmerman
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Behavior Therapy ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Test Items ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Screening Scale ◽  
Assertive Training

A self-report scale was designed to select constricted (non-assertive) candidates for Assertive Training. Test items sampled stimulus persons, situations, and overt and covert responses. The scale was administered to 600 college students to assess reliability and validity. Coefficients of internal consistency and test-retest reliability were of acceptable magnitude. Constriction scores were related to, but distinct from, measures of dominance, deference, and autonomy. Constriction was positively associated with measures of neuroticism and fear and negatively related to extraversion and affiliation scores. Self-reports of satisfaction from environmental stimuli were inversely related to constriction scores. The assumption that constricted individuals are more compliant to external demands than their more assertive peers was supported by the finding that scholastic grades are a function of constriction level. Directions for future research and implications for behavior therapy are discussed.

Reliability and Sources of Validity Evidence of the Oviedo Schizotypy Assessment Questionnaire-Abbreviated (ESQUIZO-Q-A)

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 840-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Fonseca-Pedrero ◽  
Serafín Lemos-Giráldez ◽  
Mercedes Paino ◽  
Marta Santarén-Rosell ◽  
Susana Sierra-Baigrie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Computerized Adaptive Testing ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Validity Evidence ◽  
Dimensional Solution ◽  
Assessment Questionnaire

The main goal of this research was to examine the reliability and different sources of validity evidence of the Oviedo Schizotypy Assessment Questionnaire-Abbreviated (ESQUIZO-Q-A) in nonclinical adolescents. The final sample was made up of 1,455 participants, 705 males (48.5%), with a mean age of 15.92 years (SD = 1.18). The internal consistency of the subscales ranged from .62 to .75. The analysis of its internal structure yielded a three-dimensional solution based on the dimensions: Reality Distortion, Anhedonia, and Interpersonal Disorganization. Likewise, the goodness-of-fit indices derived from the Confirmatory Factor Analysis for the hypothesized three-factor model were adequate. The three dimensions of the ESQUIZO-Q-A were significantly correlated with the subscales of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. The ESQUIZO-Q is a brief and simple self-report with adequate psychometric properties for the assessment of schizotypal traits in nonclinical adolescent populations. Future research should continue to explore the metric quality of the ESQUIZO-Q-A (e.g., sensitivity and specificity) and incorporate the new advances in psychological and educational assessment such as Computerized Adaptive Testing.

scholarly journals Self-perception but not peer reputation of bullying victimization is associated with non-clinical psychotic experiences in adolescents

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 781-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Gromann ◽  
F. A. Goossens ◽  
T. Olthof ◽  
J. Pronk ◽  
L. Krabbendam
Keyword(s):  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Bullying Victimization ◽  
Psychotic Experiences ◽  
Victim Status ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Peer Nomination ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Peer Report ◽  
The Relationship

BackgroundBullying victimization may be linked to psychosis but only self-report measures of victimization have been used so far. This study aimed (a) to investigate the differential associations of peer-nominated versus self-reported victim status with non-clinical psychotic experiences in a sample of young adolescents, and (b) to examine whether different types of self-reported victimization predict non-clinical psychotic experiences in these adolescents.MethodA combination of standard self-report and peer nomination procedures was used to assess victimization. The sample (n = 724) was divided into four groups (exclusively self-reported victims, self- and peer-reported victims, exclusively peer-reported victims, and non-victims) to test for a group effect on non-clinical psychotic experiences. The relationship between types of victimization and non-clinical psychotic experiences was examined by a regression analysis.ResultsSelf-reported victims, along with self- and peer-reported victims, scored higher than peer-reported victims and non-victims on non-clinical psychotic experiences. Self-reports of direct relational, indirect relational and physical victimization significantly improved the prediction of non-clinical psychotic experiences whereas verbal and possession-directed victimization had no significant predictive value.ConclusionsThe relationship between victimization and non-clinical psychotic experiences is only present for self-reported victimization, possibly indicative of an interpretation bias. The observed discrepancy between self-report and peer-report highlights the importance of implementing a combination of both measures for future research.

Indirect Assessment of Attitudes with Response-Time-Based Measures

2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliane Degner ◽  
Dirk Wentura ◽  
Klaus Rothermund
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Incremental Validity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Implicit Measures ◽  
Scale Theory ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Predicting Behavior ◽  
Social Cognitive Theories

Abstract: We review research on response-latency based (“implicit”) measures of attitudes by examining what hopes and intentions researchers have associated with their usage. We identified the hopes of (1) gaining better measures of interindividual differences in attitudes as compared to self-report measures (quality hope); (2) better predicting behavior, or predicting other behaviors, as compared to self-reports (incremental validity hope); (3) linking social-cognitive theories more adequately to empirical research (theory-link hope). We argue that the third hope should be the starting point for using these measures. Any attempt to improve these measures should include the search for a small-scale theory that adequately explains the basic effects found with such a measure. To date, small-scale theories for different measures are not equally well developed.

Attachment Organization in Suicide Prevention Research

Crisis ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Venta ◽  
Carla Sharp
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Self Harm

Background: Identifying risk factors for suicide-related thoughts and behaviors (SRTB) is essential among adolescents in whom SRTB remain a leading cause of death. Although many risk factors have already been identified, influential theories now suggest that the domain of interpersonal relationships may play a critical role in the emergence of SRTB. Because attachment has long been seen as the foundation of interpersonal functioning, we suggest that attachment insecurity warrants attention as a risk factor for SRTB. Aims: This study sought to explore relations between attachment organization and suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and self-harm in an inpatient adolescent sample, controlling for demographic and psychopathological covariates. Method: We recruited 194 adolescents from an inpatient unit and assigned them to one of four attachment groups (secure, preoccupied, dismissing, or disorganized attachment). Interview and self-report measures were used to create four variables reflecting the presence or absence of suicidal ideation in the last year, single lifetime suicide attempt, multiple lifetime suicide attempts, and lifetime self-harm. Results: Chi-square and regression analyses did not reveal significant relations between attachment organization and SRTB, although findings did confirm previously established relations between psychopathology and SRTB, such that internalizing disorder was associated with increased self-harm, suicide ideation, and suicide attempt and externalizing disorder was associated with increased self-harm. Conclusion: The severity of this sample and methodological differences from previous studies may explain the nonsignificant findings. Nonsignificant findings may indicate that the relation between attachment organization and SRTB is moderated by other factors that should be explored in future research.

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