Evaluation of Bangladeshi Rice Genotypes and Improved lines for Shoot Biomass under higher levels of Phosphorus Deficiency at vegetative stage

Phosphorus is vital nutrient for the plant growth, and inevitable to maintain the yield of rice. Current practices of chemical phosphorus fertilization is not sustainable because of its limited sources and non-renewable nature together with higher expenses. Breeding low phosphorus tolerant or resistant with higher uptake and assimilation efficient rice variety is the best alternative for sustainable production. This study aimed to evaluate the selected Bangladeshi rice germplasms and improved lines under phosphorus deficient soil to know their level of deficiency tolerance or resistance. A total of 28 rice genotypes from various ecotypes such as Aus, Aman, Boro and Jhum were collected and grown in pot contained highly phosphorus deficient soil in the rooftop polythene shed house during October 2019 to March 2020. A phosphorus deficiency susceptible variety, IR 64, was used as control, and experiment was conducted following randomized complete block design with two replications. Biomass related traits such as dry weight (DW) and relative dry weight (RDW, %) were analyzed at early vegetative stage. Visual score based on the responses to artificial drought occurred appeared due to absence of water for 5 consecutive days because of government imposed Covid-19 lockdown were also evaluated in a scale of 0 to 4. Plants showed wide variation in the measured traits in both in the phosphorus added normal or phosphorus deficient conditions. Two patterns of responses were observed. One patterns was similar to susceptible control IR 64 and another is highly sensitive to P- deficiency. Cluster analysis resulted four groups (I to IV). Group I consist of 4 rice cultivar including Pathar kuchi, lal dhan, INL-9 and 30, and showed lower DW under both phosphorus added & deficient conditions together with higher susceptibility to artificial drought. IR 64 belongs to the Group- II together with Murali, Kuti Agrani, Kernaicha and other 5 INLs. They have higher DW in phosphorus added condition but very low RDW in phosphorus deficient condition and also susceptible to artificial drought. Group III cultivars have medium DW under phosphorus added and low RDW under phosphorus deficient condition and Kali jira and Aus (Awned) are belong to this group. Two jhum variety, Renkhoa Dhan and Galongpru and 7 INLs are belong to the group IV which has moderate to high RDW under both phosphorus added and phosphorus deficient conditions. Rice cultivars of this group showed higher levels of tolerance to artificial drought and are promising for further breeding program to develop phosphorus deficiency tolerant variety.

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Modelling nutrient uptake: a possible indicator of phosphorus deficiency

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/s96046 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 313 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

D. S. Mendham ◽

P. J. Smethurst ◽

P. W. Moody ◽

R. L. Aitken

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Uptake ◽

Phosphorus Deficiency ◽

Soil Phosphorus ◽

Soil Nutrient ◽

Growth Period ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Root Surface ◽

P Uptake ◽

P Deficiency ◽

Highly Correlated

An understanding of the processes controlling soil nutrient supply and plant uptake has led to process-based models that can predict nutrient uptake and the concentration gradient that develops at the root surface. By using this information, it may be possible to develop an indicator of soil phosphorus status based on the predicted uptake and/or concentration of phosphorus (P) at the root surface. To identify the potential for such a test, the relationships between model output and observed plant growth were examined using data from a published experiment. The experiment was initially designed to investigate the relationship between common indices of soil-available P and the growth of maize (Zea mays) in 26 surface soils from Queensland. There was a high correlation between observed and predicted P uptake, and between relative dry matter yield and predicted P uptake. The predicted concentration of P at the root surface was also highly correlated with P uptake and dry weight increase. It is hypothesised that the short growth period (25 days) was responsible for the high correlation between P uptake and measured soil solution P. The hypothesis that a predicted concentration of P at the root surface or predicted P uptake may be valuable indicators of P deficiency in the longer term still remains to be tested.

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Influence of Two Herbicides on Soybean Cyst Nematode (Heterodera glycines) Reproduction on Henbit (Lamium amplexicaule) Roots

Weed Technology ◽

10.1614/wt-d-12-00094.1 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 41-46 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Rodrigo Werle ◽

Mark L. Bernards ◽

Loren J. Giesler ◽

John L. Lindquist

Keyword(s):

Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

The United States ◽

Cyst Nematode ◽

Shoot Biomass ◽

Herbicide Application ◽

Weed Species ◽

Time Of Application ◽

Greenhouse Study

Soybean cyst nematode (SCN) is the most yield-limiting pathogen of soybean in the United States. Henbit is a prevalent winter annual weed species in no-till fields and is reported to be an alternative host of SCN. A greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate how the development of SCN on henbit roots was affected by herbicide mode of action and time of herbicide application. Henbit plants were grown in watertight pots placed in a water bath bench that kept soil temperature constant (27 ± 1 C) during the study. Ten d after transplanting, pots were inoculated with approximately 1,000 SCN eggs. At 7, 14, or 21 d after inoculation (DAI), henbit plants were sprayed with recommended dose of either glyphosate (870 g ae ha−1) or 2,4-D (1,070 g ae ha−1). The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with five replications per treatment, and two experimental runs separated in time. At 28 DAI, the total number of SCN cysts and eggs, and plant shoot and root dry weight per pot were determined. Henbit root and shoot biomass increased as the time of herbicide application was delayed. Glyphosate reduced root biomass more than 2,4-D, but no differences in shoot biomass were detected. The number of SCN cysts per henbit plant and eggs per cyst increased as the herbicide application was delayed from 7 to 21 DAI. Glyphosate reduced the number of cysts found on henbit roots more than 2,4-D, especially at earlier application times. On plants treated with glyphosate, SCN-females produced only half the number of eggs of SCN-females on henbit plants treated with 2,4-D, regardless of time of application. These results indicate that early control of henbit plants, especially with glyphosate, can reduce SCN reproduction potential in SCN infested fields.

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Priming Benih Padi (Oryza sativa L.) dengan Zn untuk Meningkatkan Vigor Bibit pada Cekaman Terendam

Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) ◽

10.24831/jai.v44i1.12486 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 8

Author(s):

Sulaiman Sulaiman ◽

Rujito Agus Suwignyo ◽

Mery Hasmeda ◽

Andi Wijaya

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Seed Priming ◽

Rice Seed ◽

Seedling Vigor ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Submergence Stress ◽

Soil Media ◽

Rice Genotypes

Seed priming has been widely used to improve seedling vigor of several crops such as corn, wheat, and rice. Seed priming with zinc to increase seedling tolerance on submergence stress had never been evaluated. The objective of this research was to identify agronomical and physiological characteristics of several rice genotypes during seedling stage at submergence stress following zinc priming treatment. This research used factorial randomized block design with three replications. The first factor was rice genotypes and second factor was zinc solution of ZnSO4.7H2O. Seeds were soaked with Zn solution at different concentrations namely 0, 2.5, dan 5.0 mM respectively for 24 hours. After that the seeds were germinated on soil media in side the plastic box. Fourteen days-old seedling were submerged in water for 5 days and then return to normal condition for recovery. Parameters being observed included seedling dry weight, shoot carbohydrate, and leaves chlorophyl which were measured after 10 days of recovery. Seedling height was measured once a week from 2nd to 4th week. Results showed that intolerant genotypes to submergence stress grew faster but seedling dry weight, shoot carbohydrate and leaves chlorophyll content were lower compared to those tolerant genotypes. Local and national varieties which were not tolerant to submergence stress could be improved by priming treatment with 5.0mM zinc. Keywords: abiotic-stress, seeds- priming

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Screening of Some Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes for Salinity Tolerance using Morphological and Molecular Markers

Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia ◽

10.13005/bbra/2753 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 377-390

Author(s):

Shahabuddin Ahmed ◽

Touhidur Rahman Anik ◽

Ashraful Islam ◽

Imtiaz Uddin ◽

Mohammad S. Haque

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Rice Variety ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Seedling Stage ◽

Group Method ◽

Salt Tolerant ◽

Pair Group ◽

Salinity Levels ◽

Rice Genotypes

Salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses, which adversely affects the crop productivity. Thirty rice genotypes of diverse origin including three salt tolerant check varieties, Binadhan-8, Binadhan-10 and Pokkali, were used to evaluate salt tolerance at seedling stage and to determine the genetic diversity using microsatellite markers. Salinity screening was done at the seedling stage using hydroponic system following IRRI standard protocol. Three salinity levels as 6dSm-1, 8dSm-1, and 10dSm-1 were used along with control. Data were recorded on root length, shoot length and dry weight and the genotypes were scored based on modified standard evaluation score (SES) for visual injury. Sixteen SSR markers were used to study the genetic variation within 30 rice genotypes. A total of 65 alleles with an average of 4.06 allele per locus were detected among 30 rice genotypes. The polymorphism information content (PIC) value ranged from 0.24 to 0.86 with an average of 0.51. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) dendrogram revealed four clusters. Among them cluster I identified 5 salt tolerant genotypes and cluster IV separated one tolerant and one moderately tolerant genotype. Based on SES evaluation and molecular analysis genotypes Balam, THDB, Q-31, Ab.Hai, BR-5, FR13A ware salt tolerant; Moulota, Super hybrid, Y-1281, Binadhan-16 were moderate salt tolerant. This information could be useful for selection of suitable genotypes for developing salt tolerant rice variety through molecular breeding.

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Standardization of spacing and weed management practices in SRI system of rice cultivation under organic conditions in relation to sustainable agriculture in the changing scenario of climate

Environment Conservation Journal ◽

10.36953/ecj.2014.15308 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 51-54

Author(s):

Rameshwar K. ◽

J.P. Saini ◽

Sanjay Chadha ◽

Punam K. ◽

R.G. Upadhyay

Keyword(s):

Weed Management ◽

Management Practices ◽

Block Design ◽

Rice Variety ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Yield Attributes ◽

Organic Farm ◽

Commelina Benghalensis ◽

Hand Weeding ◽

Paddy Yield

A field experiment was conducted during kharif seasons of 2009 & 2010 at Model Organic Farm of Department of Organic agriculture, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalya Palampur in factorial randomized block design with three replications consisting of eight treatment combinations. The treatments included two methods of weeding (mechanical weeding with cono weeder & hand weeding) and 4 spacings (25x25, 30x30, 20x20 and 30x20 cm). Rice variety RP-2421 was transplanted in second week of July during both the years following all organic packages of practices. The weeding was done at 20 & 40 days after transplanting rice. The dominant species of weeds were Echinochloa crusgalli, Digitaria sanguinalis and Panicum dichotomiflorum among grasses; Cyperus iria and Cyperus difforimis among sedges and Aeschynomera indica, Ammania spp and Commelina benghalensis among broadleaved weeds.The experimental results revealed that 2 mechanical weedings with cono-weeder at 20 & 40 DAT resulted in significantly higher values of yield attributes viz. effective tillers/m2 & panicle length and hence higher paddy yield and lower weed dry weight over hand weeding twice (20 & 40 DAT). However, grains/ panicle and 1000 grain weight did not vary significantly during both the years. Among spacings 30x30 cm being at par with 25x25 cm & 30x20 cm recorded significantly higher paddy yield and lower weed dry weight over 20x20 cm during both the years. The interactions between method of weedings& spacing were observed to be non-significant during both the years of study.

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Drought tolerance test of various potential local rice genotypes in Aceh West-South Region at vegetative stages

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/911/1/012005 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 911 (1) ◽

pp. 012005

Author(s):

Wira Hadianto ◽

Dewi Junita ◽

Yuliatul Muslimah ◽

Nana Ariska ◽

Sumeinika Fitria Lizmah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Drought Tolerance ◽

Plant Height ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Tolerance Test ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Affected Plant ◽

Rice Genotypes ◽

High Yielding Varieties

Abstract Aceh has a lot of local rice genotypes that locally cultivated in West- South Region Aceh. The potential of local rice as a source of genes have not been evaluated and identified of drought tolerance. Abiotic stresses such as drought are serious things that affected plant productivity. This study aimed to determine the drought tolerance of several potential local rice genotypes in South-West Region Aceh as parents (P1) in order to become the basic population in creating the new high yielding varieties that were resistant to drought. This study was carried out in Randomized Block Design (RDB) with 3 replications. The observed variables were: Plant height and Number of tiller per clumps at 10, 20, 30 and 40 days after planting, root length, number of roots, wet and dry weight of roots at days 40 after planting. The study found that the treatment of drought stress significantly affect the plant height and number of tillers, best result was found at rangan lango genotype. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that there are 3 genotypes of local West-South Aceh region that are potentially resistant to drought stress in the vegetative Stage, namely the Lango genotype, Arias genotype and Pade Manggeng genotype.

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Evaluation of different weed management practices in dry direct seeded spring rice at Baniyani, Jhapa, Nepal

Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science ◽

10.26832/24566632.2020.0504016 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 535-542

Author(s):

Rakshya Poudel ◽

Santosh Marahatta ◽

Santosh Kandel ◽

Purnima Puri

Keyword(s):

Weed Management ◽

Management Practices ◽

Block Design ◽

Rice Variety ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Yield Attributes ◽

Net Returns ◽

Weight Growth ◽

Agriculture Modernization

A field experiment was conducted during the spring season of 2020 to evaluate the different weed management practices in dry directed seeded spring rice under Prime Minister Agriculture Modernization Project (PMAMP) super zone at Baniyani, Jhapa. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with seven weed management related treatments and three replications. The treatments consisted of pre-emergence application of Pretilachlor, pre-emergence application of Pendimethalin, pre-emergence application of Pretilachlor fb post-emergence butachlor pre-emergence application of Pendimethalin fb post-emergence Bispyribac Na, Sesbania co-culture along with pre-emergence application of Pendimethalin along with two control treatments (weedy free and weedy check). The rice variety Hardinath-1 was used in the experiment. Data regarding the weed flora, weed density, weed dry weight, growth, yield attributes and yield were recorded and analyzed. The highest number of effective tillers per m2 (371.51) and number of grains per panicle (145.43) were obtained in Pendimethalin treated plot and were statistically as par with Sesbania co-culture + Pendimethalin (363.44 m-2 and 140.54 respectively). Higher and statistically similar grain yield was observed in Sesbania co- culture + Pendimethalin (4870kg ha-1) and Pendimethalin treated plots (4780 kg ha-1). The experiment concluded that there was reduction in yield by 66.78 percent due to presence of weed as compared to weed free. Pre-emergence application of Pendimethalin was most beneficial in terms of gross returns, net returns and B:C ratio compared to other weed management practices and hence was most economical.

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Effects of phosphorus deficiency on the absorption of mineral nutrients, photosynthetic system performance and antioxidant metabolism in Citrus grandis

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0246944 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. e0246944

Author(s):

Xin Meng ◽

Wei-Wei Chen ◽

Yan-Yu Wang ◽

Zeng-Rong Huang ◽

Xin Ye ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phosphorus Deficiency ◽

Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Photosynthetic Performance ◽

Nutrient Absorption ◽

Monodehydroascorbate Reductase ◽

Donor Side ◽

Antioxidant Metabolism ◽

P Deficiency ◽

Acceptor Side

Phosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth, development and production. However, little is known about the effects of P deficiency on nutrient absorption, photosynthetic apparatus performance and antioxidant metabolism in citrus. Seedlings of ‘sour pummelo’ (Citrus grandis) were irrigated with a nutrient solution containing 0.2 mM (Control) or 0 mM (P deficiency) KH2PO4 until saturated every other day for 16 weeks. P deficiency significantly decreased the dry weight (DW) of leaves and stems, and increased the root/shoot ratio in C. grandis but did not affect the DW of roots. The decreased DW of leaves and stems might be induced by the decreased chlorophyll (Chl) contents and CO2 assimilation in P deficient seedlings. P deficiency heterogeneously affected the nutrient contents of leaves, stems and roots. The analysis of Chl a fluorescence transients showed that P deficiency impaired electron transport from the donor side of photosystem II (PSII) to the end acceptor side of PSI, which showed a greater impact on the performance of the donor side of PSII than that of the acceptor side of PSII and photosystem I (PSI). P deficiency increased the contents of ascorbate (ASC), H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) and glutathione reductase (GR) in leaves. In contrast, P deficiency increased the ASC content, reduced the glutathione (GSH) content and the activities of SOD, CAT, APX and monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), but did not increase H2O2 production, anthocyanins and MDA content in roots. Taking these results together, we conclude that P deficiency affects nutrient absorption and lowers photosynthetic performance, leading to ROS production, which might be a crucial cause of the inhibited growth of C. grandis.

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Response of Neotyphodium lolii-infected perennial ryegrass to phosphorus deficiency

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/2225-pse ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 53 (No. 3) ◽

pp. 113-119 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

A.Z. Ren ◽

Y.B. Gao ◽

F. Zhou

Keyword(s):

Organic Acids ◽

Perennial Ryegrass ◽

Total Phenolics ◽

Phosphorus Deficiency ◽

Dry Weight ◽

P Uptake ◽

P Deficiency ◽

Neotyphodium Lolii ◽

Root Shoot Ratio ◽

Endophyte Infection

It has been demonstrated that endophyte-infected (EI) ryegrass performed better in response to N deficiency than its endophyte-free (EF) counterpart. When P is considered, there is a lack of related information. In this study, Lolium perenne L. infected with Neotyphodium lolii was employed to establish EI and EF populations. Soil-grown EI and EF ryegrass were tested for their responses to P deficiency. The results showed that the endophyte infection improved the adaptability of ryegrass to P deficiency. When P was limited, EI roots were significantly longer (EI, 398.8; EF, 323.4 m/pot) and heavier (EI, 30.58; EF, 23.20 g/pot) than EF roots; the root: shoot ratio of EI plants was greater than that of EF plants (P < 0.05). The content of total phenolics and organic acids was significantly greater for EI roots than for EF roots at low P supply; the concentration of both, however, was not improved by the endophyte infection. This suggested that it was the higher root dry weight (DW) that contributed to the higher content of total phenolics and organic acids for EI plants, and the endophyte infection might have negligible effects on chemical modification of perennial ryegrass. Endophyte infection did not increase P uptake rate but did significantly improve P use efficiency of ryegrass in response to P deficiency (EI, 0.734; EF, 0.622 g DW/mg P).

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Hydroponic screening of traditional rice varieties in Assam, India to estimate their potential resistance to Al toxicity under P deficiency

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.1793 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 72 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Zina Moni Shandilya ◽

Bhaben Tanti

Keyword(s):

Land Surface ◽

Block Design ◽

Nutrient Deficiency ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Al Toxicity ◽

Trivalent Cation ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

P Deficiency ◽

Nutrient Culture ◽

Traditional Rice

Acid soils encompass nearly one-third of the available terrestrial land surface worldwide. Acidic soil is one of the major abiotic constraints for agricultural practices by potentially creating aluminum (Al) toxicity and/or phosphorous (P) deficiency. Assam, being an agricultural state of India, has the majority of its area covered by acidic soils due to the varied terrain in the region. Soil acidification increases the solubility of Al present in the soil from its nontoxic silicate or oxide forms into highly phytotoxic ionic Al (mainly the trivalent cation Al3+). Ionic Al can form complexes with the available phosphorous leading to plant nutrient deficiency. In the present investigation, screening of traditional rice varieties from Assam was conducted for tolerance to combined Al toxicity and P deficiency. Seedlings of 41 rice landraces from various agro-climatic locations were subjected to three different concentrations of Al (0, 50, 100 µM) for 24, 48, and 72 h under P deficiency in static nutrient culture to identify the extent of their resistance to these stressed conditions. Different morpho-physiological parameters (root and shoot lengths, fresh and dry weight yields, chlorophyll and relative water content) were evaluated after stress treatment. All the experiments were conducted in a randomized block design with three replicates. Based on the overall morphological characters, total stress response index (TSRI) was calculated which showed a variation ranging from 18 to 23. Accordingly, the varieties were classified into different groups of resistance. Varieties ‘Moti’ and ‘Baismuthi’ were found to be the least resistant, whereas ‘Holpuna’, ‘Beto’, and ‘Soria Sali’ were identified as most tolerant varieties to Al toxicity under P deficiency. The findings of the present investigation could be exploited for developing promising varieties in future rice breeding programs.

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