scholarly journals The dark and light sides of extra-tumor environment

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramakanth Chirravuri-Venkata
Keyword(s):  
Cell Migration ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Cancer Susceptibility ◽  
Mesothelial Cell ◽  
Clinical Disease ◽  
Disease Course ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Reactive Stroma ◽  
Tumor Environment

The paradox in the pathobiological processes driving the incidence and progression across carcinomas unveil new opportunities for effective cancer treatment. The scattered evidence across the literature indicates that the insufficiencies/alterations in mesothelial cell migration, development, or function dramatically change the clinical disease course. We succinctly report in-general phenomena extensible across carcinomas predisposing to desmoplasia/reactive stroma, with due understanding of the limitations associated with such broader extrapolation. We further highlight the need for a comprehensive understanding of these purported pathways with an emphasis towards determining the tradeoffs between the risks associated with cancer susceptibility and disease progression.

Oncogenomics and CYP450 Implications in Personalized Cancer Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-113
Author(s):  
G.K. Udayaraja ◽  
I. Arnold Emerson
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cancer Susceptibility ◽  
Mutant Gene ◽  
Genome Project ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Precision Therapy ◽  
Personalized Cancer Therapy ◽  
Personalized Cancer ◽  
Genetic Events

Background: The Human Genome Project has unleashed the power of genomics in clinical practice as a choice of individualized therapy, particularly in cancer treatment. Pharmacogenomics is an interdisciplinary field of genomics that deals with drug response, based on individual genetic makeup. Objective: The main genetic events associated with carcinogenesis activate oncogenes or inactivate tumor-suppressor genes. Therefore, drugs should be specific to inactivate or regulate these mutant genes and their protein products for effective cancer treatment. In this review, we summarize how polymedication decisions in cancer treatments based on the evaluation of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) polymorphisms are applied for pharmacogenetic assessment of anticancer therapy outcomes. Results: However, multiple genetic events linked, inactivating a single mutant gene product, may be insufficient to inhibit tumor progress. Thus, genomics and pharmacogenetics directly influence a patient’s response and aid in guiding clinicians to select the safest and most effective combination of medications for a cancer patient from the initial prescription. Conclusion: This review outlines the roles of oncogenes, the importance of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) in cancer susceptibility, and its impact on drug metabolism, proposing combined approaches to achieve precision therapy.

Optimizing Outcomes in Multiple Sclerosis – A Consensus Initiative

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 5-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Coyle ◽  
B Arnason ◽  
B Hurwitz ◽  
F Lublin
Keyword(s):  
Disease Progression ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Initial Therapy ◽  
Clinically Isolated Syndrome ◽  
Optimal Management ◽  
Disease Course ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Delay Progression

Background Initiation of immunomodulators in patients experiencing a clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) may delay progression to clinically definite MS. However, lack of consensus remains on many issues affecting optimal management of MS. Method A panel of 21 MS experts met during 9 meetings to explore key issues in MS and CIS. Meetings addressed 3 phases: 1. CIS definition and diagnosis; 2. initial therapy; and 3. monitoring disease progression and treatment efficacy. Newsletters covering each phase were sent to 5000 U.S.-based neurologists who were invited to participate in an online survey on key issues. Results Most panel members agreed that early treatment may minimize neurodegeneration and most would recommend it for patients; that a dose-response relationship exists for beta-interferon therapy; that more aggressive therapy was most effective early in the disease course; and, that MRI has a role in monitoring disease progression. In face of suboptimal response, most would switch patients to a different therapy; while combination therapy would be reserved for those failing monotherapy regimes. Most online survey respondents agreed with these positions. Conclusions There was uniform consensus from this panel of MS experts that early initiation of immunomodulator therapy was beneficial for CIS patients.

scholarly journals Disease progression modelling from preclinical Alzheimer’s disease (AD) to AD dementia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soo Hyun Cho ◽  
Sookyoung Woo ◽  
Changsoo Kim ◽  
Hee Jin Kim ◽  
Hyemin Jang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Disease Assessment ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Disease Course ◽  
Preclinical Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Apoe Ε4 ◽  
Preclinical Ad ◽  
Cognitive Subscale

AbstractTo characterize the course of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) over a longer time interval, we aimed to construct a disease course model for the entire span of the disease using two separate cohorts ranging from preclinical AD to AD dementia. We modelled the progression course of 436 patients with AD continuum and investigated the effects of apolipoprotein E ε4 (APOE ε4) and sex on disease progression. To develop a model of progression from preclinical AD to AD dementia, we estimated Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale 13 (ADAS-cog 13) scores. When calculated as the median of ADAS-cog 13 scores for each cohort, the estimated time from preclinical AD to MCI due to AD was 7.8 years and preclinical AD to AD dementia was 15.2 years. ADAS-cog 13 scores deteriorated most rapidly in women APOE ε4 carriers and most slowly in men APOE ε4 non-carriers (p < 0.001). Our results suggest that disease progression modelling from preclinical AD to AD dementia may help clinicians to estimate where patients are in the disease course and provide information on variation in the disease course by sex and APOE ε4 status.

scholarly journals Patterns of Progression in Metastatic Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer: An Argument for Local Therapy

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Kelly ◽  
Zhe Ma ◽  
Said Baidas ◽  
Rebecca Moroose ◽  
Nikita Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Systemic Therapy ◽  
Local Therapy ◽  
Disease Course ◽  
Mechanisms Of Resistance ◽  
Diffuse Disease ◽  
Estrogen Receptor Positive ◽  
Positive Breast Cancer

Purpose. Despite advances in endocrine therapy (ET), metastatic estrogen receptor positive breast cancer (BrCA) remains incurable. Though the mechanisms of resistance to ET have been studied extensively, the anatomic pattern of disease progression remains poorly characterized. The purpose of this study was to characterize the pattern of progression for patients receiving ET for metastatic BrCA. Methods. The records of 108 patients with metastatic BrCA who progressed on ET were reviewed. Progression was characterized as follows: diffuse progression, progression in greater than 3 sites; oligoprogression, progression in fewer than 3 sites with prior diffuse metastases; and oligometastatic disease with progression, progression in 3 or fewer sites with prior limited metastases. Results. Seventy-four patients (69%) displayed only diffuse disease progression. Conversely, 23 patients (21%) displayed oligoprogression and 11 patients (10%) displayed oligometastases with progression at least once in their disease course. Further analysis of the patients with oligoprogression suggested that in 14 patients the sites of progression would have been amenable to local therapy. Conclusion. Oligoprogressive disease occurs in a significant subset of patients with metastatic BrCA treated with ET. These patients with oligoprogressive disease may be eligible for local therapy, potentially obviating the need to change of systemic therapy.

Metastatic Hormonorefractory Prostate Cancer: Treatment of Disease Progression after Taxanes Based Chemotherapy

2009 ◽  
Vol 76 (4_suppl15) ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
P. Verze ◽  
N. Longo ◽  
M. Creta ◽  
G. Di Lorenzo ◽  
C. Imbimbo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Prostate Cancer Treatment

scholarly journals Microbes as Medicines: Harnessing the Power of Bacteria in Advancing Cancer Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (20) ◽  
pp. 7575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shruti S. Sawant ◽  
Suyash M. Patil ◽  
Vivek Gupta ◽  
Nitesh K. Kunda
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Tumor Environment ◽  
Systemic Side Effects ◽  
Hypoxic Tumor

Conventional anti-cancer therapy involves the use of chemical chemotherapeutics and radiation and are often non-specific in action. The development of drug resistance and the inability of the drug to penetrate the tumor cells has been a major pitfall in current treatment. This has led to the investigation of alternative anti-tumor therapeutics possessing greater specificity and efficacy. There is a significant interest in exploring the use of microbes as potential anti-cancer medicines. The inherent tropism of the bacteria for hypoxic tumor environment and its ability to be genetically engineered as a vector for gene and drug therapy has led to the development of bacteria as a potential weapon against cancer. In this review, we will introduce bacterial anti-cancer therapy with an emphasis on the various mechanisms involved in tumor targeting and tumor suppression. The bacteriotherapy approaches in conjunction with the conventional cancer therapy can be effective in designing novel cancer therapies. We focus on the current progress achieved in bacterial cancer therapies that show potential in advancing existing cancer treatment options and help attain positive clinical outcomes with minimal systemic side-effects.

Thyrotropin Suppression and Disease Progression in Patients with Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: Results from the National Thyroid Cancer Treatment Cooperative Registry

Thyroid ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 737-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID S. COOPER ◽  
BONNY SPECKER ◽  
MONA HO ◽  
MATTHEW SPERLING ◽  
PAUL W. LADENSON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Differentiated Thyroid Cancer

P3-424: LONGITUDINAL ACCUMULATION OF β-AMYLOID ON PET IN DEMENTIA WITH LEWY BODIES AND RELATIONSHIP TO CLINICAL DISEASE PROGRESSION

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (7S_Part_24) ◽  
pp. P1271-P1272
Author(s):  
Zuzana Nedelska ◽  
Christopher G. Schwarz ◽  
Timothy G. Lesnick ◽  
Scott A. Przybelski ◽  
Bradley F. Boeve ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Progression ◽  
Dementia With Lewy Bodies ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Clinical Disease ◽  
Β Amyloid ◽  
Clinical Disease Progression

scholarly journals Retrospective unbiased plasma lipidomic of progressive multiple sclerosis patients-identifies lipids discriminating those with faster clinical deterioration

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Amatruda ◽  
Maria Petracca ◽  
Maureen Wentling ◽  
Benjamin Inbar ◽  
Kamilah Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Progressive Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Disease Course ◽  
Primary Progressive ◽  
T2 Lesions ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
One Year ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Abstract The disease course of patients with a confirmed diagnosis of primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) is uncertain. In an attempt to identify potential signaling pathways involved in the evolution of the disease, we conducted an exploratory unbiased lipidomic analysis of plasma from non-diseased controls (n = 8) and patients with primary progressive MS (PPMS, n = 19) and either a rapid (PPMS-P, n = 9) or slow (PPMS-NP, n = 10) disease course based on worsening disability and/or MRI-visible appearance of new T2 lesions over a one-year-assessment. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis of the MS/MSALL lipidomic dataset, identified lipids driving the clustering of the groups. Among these lipids, sphingomyelin-d18:1/14:0 and mono-hexosylceramide-d18:1/20:0 were differentially abundant in the plasma of PPMS patients compared to controls and their levels correlated with MRI signs of disease progression. Lyso-phosphatidic acid-18:2 (LPA-18:2) was the only lipid with significantly lower abundance in PPMS patients with a rapidly deteriorating disease course, and its levels inversely correlated with the severity of the neurological deficit. Decreased levels of LPA-18:2 were detected in patients with more rapid disease progression, regardless of therapy and these findings were validated in an independent cohort of secondary progressive (SPMS) patients, but not in a third cohorts of relapsing–remitting (RRMS) patients. Collectively, our analysis suggests that sphingomyelin-d18:1/14:0, mono-hexosylceramide-d18:1/20:0, and LPA-18:2 may represent important targets for future studies aimed at understanding disease progression in MS.

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