scholarly journals Abstract for the Organic Phosphorus 2013 conference - Panama City, Panama

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vito Abbruzzese
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Inositol Phosphates ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Compounds ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Dominant Form ◽  
Livestock Farms

Organic phosphorus (Po) compounds in soil often comprise a large component of soil total P (up to 84% for pasture), and represent a potentially significant source of P for agricultural production. Information on the quantities and forms of soil Po remains relatively limited, but we do know that inositol phosphates and their numerous metal-ion derivatives often constitute the dominant form of soil total Po. In addition, other phosphate esters, such as sugar phosphates, phospholipids and nucleic acids have often been identified in smaller quantities within soils. Various soil microorganisms, such as mycorrhizal fungi and phosphate-solubilising microorganisms (PSMs), can access inositol phosphates and other Po compounds. These microorganisms play an important role in the mineralisation of soil Po and the release of inorganic phosphorus compounds to soil solution or for direct plant uptake. Our research aims to explore the extent to which the coupled microbial and enzyme system with agricultural soils might be manipulated in order to increase the value derived from soil Po compounds as part of agricultural production. Specifically, we describe research focussed on inoculation experiments in which selected fungal and bacterial strains, alongside extracellular phosphatase enzymes, are trialled for their efficacy with respect to the mineralisation and solubilisation of Po compounds within soils. For example, arbuscular mycorrhizas (AMs) belonging to the phylum Glomeromycota could be introduced to soil ecosystems in order to benefit from the symbiotic endobacteria living inside the fungus whose genes are involved in mineral P acquisition. Such AMs could be mixed with strains of some of the most beneficial PSMs for Po mineralisation, e.g. Azospirillum spp., Bacillus spp., Penicillium spp. and Rhizobium spp. In addition, bacterial strains such as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB24, FZB42 and FZB45, could be inoculated in soils due to their ability to secrete extracellular phosphatase enzymes. Our research focuses on the extent to which inoculations could increase the availability of phosphorus within soils for agricultural production, focussing largely on livestock farms and associated grass quality and yields. In particular, we will examine whether inoculation of livestock slurries and manures provides a vector for indirect manipulation of soil microbial and enzyme systems within livestock farms. The ultimate aim of this approach is to reduce the reliance of agricultural production on finite inorganic phosphorus fertiliser reserves.

CHARACTERIZATION OF MODEL AND SOIL ORGANIC MATTER METAL-PHOSPHATE COMPLEXES

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lévesque
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Fulvic Acid ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Chelating Resin ◽  
Alkaline Media ◽  
Phosphorus Compounds ◽  
Metal Phosphate ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Soil Extracts

Fulvic acid–metal–phosphate complexes prepared in the laboratory and corresponding complexes extracted (0.1 N NaOH and chelating resin) from a soil were characterized by means of electrophoresis, Sephadex gel filtration, and methods for differentiation of organic and inorganic phosphorus. The findings can be summarized as follows:(1) The prepared material in aqueous solution (after purification by dialysis) comprised three different entities: a fulvic acid–metal–phosphate complex, a fulvic acid–metal complex, and unbonded inorganic phosphate. These entities were reaction products obtained during the formation of fulvic acid–metal–phosphate complexes.(2) Upon hydrolysis in mild alkaline media, the metal–phosphate bonds of the fulvic acid–metal–phosphate complexes were broken; the fulvic acid–metal complexes, freed from the phosphate, remained intact.(3) While metal ions were necessary for bridging phosphorus and fulvic acid, phosphorus in turn may have bridged the fulvic acid–metal units.(4) Significant amounts of complexed inorganic phosphorus were found intermixed with organic phosphorus compounds in soil extracts; this suggested the existence of organic matter metal–phosphate complexes in soil.

scholarly journals Inositol phosphates in the environment

2002 ◽  
Vol 357 (1420) ◽  
pp. 449-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin L. Turner ◽  
Michael J. Papházy ◽  
Philip M. Haygarth ◽  
Ian D. Mckelvie
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Inositol Phosphates ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Phosphorus Compounds ◽  
Phosphorus Cycle ◽  
Terrestrial Environments ◽  
Electrophoresis Separation

The inositol phosphates are a group of organic phosphorus compounds found widely in the natural environment, but that represent the greatest gap in our understanding of the global phosphorus cycle. They exist as inositols in various states of phosphorylation (bound to between one and six phosphate groups) and isomeric forms (e.g. myo , D– chiro , scyllo , neo ), although myo –inositol hexakisphosphate is by far the most prevalent form in nature. In terrestrial environments, inositol phosphates are principally derived from plants and accumulate in soils to become the dominant class of organic phosphorus compounds. Inositol phosphates are also present in large amounts in aquatic environments, where they may contribute to eutrophication. Despite the prevalence of inositol phosphates in the environment, their cycling, mobility and bioavailability are poorly understood. This is largely related to analytical difficulties associated with the extraction, separation and detection of inositol phosphates in environmental samples. This review summarizes the current knowledge of inositol phosphates in the environment and the analytical techniques currently available for their detection in environmental samples. Recent advances in technology, such as the development of suitable chromatographic and capillary electrophoresis separation techniques, should help to elucidate some of the more pertinent questions regarding inositol phosphates in the natural environment.

Dissolved organic and inorganic phosphorus compounds in pig slurry: effect of drying

1978 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Gerritse ◽  
R. Eksteen
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Compounds ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Acid And Alkali Treatment

SUMMARYFrom gel filtration studies it has been found that more than 50% of organic phosphorus dissolved in pig slurry is contained in compounds of high molecular weight. Various ions, e.g. calcium, copper, orthophosphate, are bound by these compounds. From the purine and pyrimidine base composition and resistance to acid and alkali treatment it follows that these organic compounds probably are complexes derived from polydeoxyribonucleotides (DNA).The effect of drying pig slurry at various temperatures (0–100 °C) on the solubility of phosphorus, calcium and copper after redispersion of the dried slurry was investigated. The solubility of organic phosphorus was not affected by drying and redispersion in water, but the amount of phosphorus contained in dissolved organic molecules of high molecular weight decreased on drying at higher temperatures. The solubility of copper was also not affected by heat treatment. The solubility of inorganic phosphorus is mainly related to the solubility constants of mineral phosphates. On the other hand the total solubility of the cations involved is determined by complex formation.

scholarly journals Phosphorus in various depths of some virgin peat lands

1956 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-104
Author(s):  
Armi Kaila
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Phosphorus Compounds ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
P Content ◽  
As Solubility

In the present paper results are reported concerning the total content as well as solubility of organic and inorganic phosphorus in 122 peat samples which were collected from various depths of 30 peat lands. The total phosphorus content of all the samples was rather low and no regularity in the influence of the depth upon this quantity could be demonstrated. There seemed to be some tendency to an increase in the P-content with increasing depth in the peat lands of lower quality. In peat lands of higher quality the opposite often held true. A large part of the phosphorus occurred in organic form, and, almost without exception, this percentage of total phosphorus increased with the depth: in undecomposed plant material this proportion was about 50—60 per cent, in the surface layers 70 per cent, on the average, in deposits deeper than 50 cm seldom less than 80 per cent and it could even reach 95 per cent. 1he amount of organic phosphorus expressed as a percentage of organic dry matter was low in most of the samples and although it tended to increase with the depth only in 11 of all the 122 samples values higher than 0.1 per cent were obtained. Even if an allowance is made for the conditions prevailing in peat lands these low percentages of organic phosphorus indicate that, from the microbiological point of view, no rapid mineralization of the organic phosphorus compounds is probable. The inorganic phosphorus content was low and tended to decrease from the surface to deeper layers. The solubility of inorganic phosphorus, however, dropped much more drastically. Thus in the deeper layers the amount of easily extractable inorganic phosphorus could be negligible. The solubility of organic phosphorus also impaired with the depth. The phosphorus economy of peat lands was discussed on the basis of the results obtained.

scholarly journals Response of <i>Nodularia spumigena</i> to <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> – Part 3: Turnover of phosphorus compounds

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1483-1499 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Unger ◽  
S. Endres ◽  
N. Wannicke ◽  
A. Engel ◽  
M. Voss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Extracellular Enzyme ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Compounds ◽  
Phosphate Limitation ◽  
High Pco2 ◽  
Nodularia Spumigena ◽  
Co2 Concentrations ◽  
Diazotrophic Cyanobacteria

Abstract. Diazotrophic cyanobacteria form extensive summer blooms in the Baltic Sea driving the surrounding surface waters into phosphate limitation. One of the main bloom-forming species is the heterocystous cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena. N. spumigena exhibits accelerated uptake of phosphate through the release of the extracellular enzyme alkaline phosphatase whose activity also serves as an indicator of the hydrolysis of dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP). The present study investigated the utilisation of DOP and its compounds (e.g., ATP) by N. spumigena during growth under different CO2 concentrations, in order to estimate potential consequences of ocean acidification on the cell's supply with phosphorus (P). Cell growth, the phosphorus pool, and four DOP compounds (ATP, DNA, RNA, and phospholipids) were determined in three setups with different CO2 concentrations (average 341 μatm, 399 μatm, and 508 μatm) during a 15-day batch experiment. The results showed stimulated growth of N. spumigena and a rapid depletion of dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) in all pCO2 treatments. DOP uptake was enhanced by a factor of 1.32 at 399 μatm and of 2.25 at 508 μatm compared to the lowest CO2 concentration. Among the measured DOP compounds, none was found to accumulate preferentially during the incubation or in response to a specific pCO2 treatment. However, at the beginning 61.9 &amp;pm; 4.3% of total DOP were not characterised but comprised the most utilised fraction. This is demonstrated by the decrement of this fraction to 27.4 &amp;pm; 9.9% of total DOP during the growth phase with a preference at high pCO2. Our results indicate a stimulated growth of diazotrophic cyanobacteria at increasing CO2 concentrations which is accompanied by increasing utilisation of DOP as an alternative P source.

scholarly journals Composition of microbial communities of leached chernozem depending on agricultural crops

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu.Yu. Khatuntseva ◽  
◽  
I.V. Cherepukhina ◽  
N.S. Gorbunova ◽  
A.I. Gromovik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Compounds ◽  
Quantitative Calculation ◽  
Leached Chernozem ◽  
Activity Of Enzymes ◽  
Agricultural Plants ◽  
Resistant Structure

A large role in the creation of soil fertility and water-resistant structure, in the processes of humus synthesis and mineralization, as well as in the provision of agricultural plants with elements of mineral nutrition, belongs to soil microorganisms. For leached chernozem, the influence of field crops on the main groups of microorganisms, which are involved in the formation of effective and potential soil fertility, and associated enzymes was established. The purpose of the work is to study the effect of agricultural plants on the structure of the microbial community of the soil and the activity of enzymes involved in the formation of effective and potential soil fertility. Soil samples were taken from the 0-25 cm layer. They differed in anthropogenic load: virgin soil and soil where crops were cultivated. To count the number of soil microorganisms in the crops and their rhizospheres, we used the method of culturing successive dilutions of the soil suspension on selective nutrient media. The catalase activity of the soil was determined by the gasometric method. It is based on measuring the decay rate of hydrogen peroxide when it is interconnected with the soil in terms of the amount of oxygen released. The method for determining phosphatase activity is based on the quantitative calculation of inorganic phosphorus, which is formed by the breakdown of organic phosphorus compounds under the action of phosphatases.

scholarly journals Non-Conventional Metal Ion Cofactor Requirement of Dinoflagellate Alkaline Phosphatase and Translational Regulation by Phosphorus Limitation

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Lin ◽  
Chentao Guo ◽  
Ling Li ◽  
Tangcheng Li ◽  
Senjie Lin
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Translational Regulation ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Niche Differentiation ◽  
Phosphorus Limitation ◽  
Marine Phytoplankton ◽  
Phosphate Limitation ◽  
Dissolved Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Metal Cofactor

Alkaline phosphatase (AP) enables marine phytoplankton to utilize dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) when dissolved inorganic phosphate (DIP) is depleted in the ocean. Dinoflagellate AP (Dino-AP) represents a newly classified atypical type of AP, PhoAaty. Despite While being a conventional AP, PhoAEC is known to recruit Zn2+ and Mg2+ in the active center, and the cofactors required by PhoAaty have been contended and remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the metal ion requirement of AP in five dinoflagellate species. After AP activity was eliminated by using EDTA to chelate metal ions, the enzymatic activity could be recovered by the supplementation of Ca2+, Mg2+ and Mn2+ in all cases but not by that of Zn2+. Furthermore, the same analysis conducted on the purified recombinant ACAAP (AP of Amphidinium carterae) verified that the enzyme could be activated by Ca2+, Mg2+, and Mn2+ but not Zn2+. We further developed an antiserum against ACAAP, and a western blot analysis using this antibody showed a remarkable up-regulation of ACAAP under a phosphate limitation, consistent with elevated AP activity. The unconventional metal cofactor requirement of Dino-AP may be an adaptation to trace metal limitations in the ocean, which warrants further research to understand the niche differentiation between dinoflagellates and other phytoplankton that use Zn–Mg AP in utilizing DOP.

MINERALIZATION OF SOIL ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THE EFFECT OF LIME

1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Halstead ◽  
J. M. Lapensee ◽  
K. C. Ivarson
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Surface Samples ◽  
Soil Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Repressive Effect ◽  
Partial Sterilization ◽  
Positive Effect

In a laboratory experiment, liming resulted in an average decline of 3.6 per cent in the total organic phosphorus content of incubated surface samples of seven acid soils from eastern Canada. Increases of 2.6 and 5.1 per cent in 1N H2SO4- and 4N HCl-soluble inorganic phosphorus, respectively, and a decrease of 46.4 per cent in NaHCO3-soluble organic phosphorus (pH 8.5) provided further evidence of mineralization of organic phosphorus following liming. There was some evidence, however, that the differences in NaHCO3-soluble organic phosphorus following liming were due only in part to mineralization, since Ca(OH)2 added to a soil just prior to extraction with NaHCO3 had a repressive effect on the solubility of the organic phosphorus compounds.Some mineralization of organic phosphorus occurred when unlimed samples were incubated in the laboratory for 9 months.Marked increases in microbiological activity, as indicated by increased numbers of microorganisms, and increased CO2 and NO3-nitrogen production, were associated with lower values for extractable organic phosphorus following liming. Partial sterilization of samples with toluene lowered biological activity in the unlimed and limed samples. Toluene was found, however, to have a positive effect on release of phosphorus from organic form.

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