Notas para un debate sobre el intercambio desigual y la teoría marxista de la dependencia (Unequal exchange and the Marxist theory of dependency. Reclaiming the debate)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariano Féliz
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
Terms Of Trade ◽  
Marxist Theory ◽  
Dependency Theory ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Unequal Exchange ◽  
Value Transfer

ResumenEl debate en torno a la caída de los términos del intercambio en los países dependientes nunca fue del todo integrado en la teoría marxista de la dependencia. El intento de articularlo a través de la categoría de intercambio desigual fue poco sistemático.Este trabajo busca recuperar esos debates e intentará dar cuenta de la articulaciones relevantes a la luz de una revitalización presente de los estudios en el campo de la teoría marxista de la dependencia.Para ello, recuperaremos la discusiones clásicas en torno al intercambio desigual para recuperar sus puntos de contacto con la teoría marxista de la dependencia y algunos debates contemporáneos en torno a la transferencia de valor y la superexplotación de la fuerza de trabajo y la naturaleza.AbstractThe debate into the falling terms of trade in dependent countries was never fully integrated into the Marxist dependency theory. The attempt at its articulation though the category of unequal exchange was not too systematic. In this work we will recover those debates and attempt to account of the relevant articulations in light of the revitalization of studies within the field of the Marxist dependency theory.To that aim, we will recover classical discussions on unequal exchange to take on its points of contact with the Marxist dependency theory and some of the contemporary debates on value transfer, and superexploitation of labour force and nature.

Notes For a Discussion on Unequal Exchange and the Marxist Theory of Dependency

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-39
Author(s):  
Mariano Féliz
Keyword(s):  
Terms Of Trade ◽  
Marxist Theory ◽  
Dependency Theory ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Unequal Exchange

Abstract The debate on the decline of the terms of trade in dependent countries was never fully integrated into the Marxist theory of dependency. The attempt to articulate it through the category of unequal exchange was not particularly systematic. This paper seeks to recover those debates and will attempt to account for the relevant articulations in the light of a present revitalisation of studies in the field of Marxist dependency theory. To this end, we will recover the classical discussions around unequal exchange in order to discuss their points of contact with the Marxist theory of dependency and some contemporary debates around the transfer of value and the super-exploitation of labour and nature.

scholarly journals The Currency of Ruy Mauro Marini’s Thinking and Dependency Theory / La Vigencia del Pensamiento de Ruy Mauro Marini y la Teoría de la Dependencia

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 09
Author(s):  
Adrián Sotelo Valencia
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Fourth Power ◽  
Dependency Theory ◽  
Capitalist Economy ◽  
Unequal Exchange ◽  
The World

Ruy Mauro Marini’s thinking, within the framework of Marxism, continues to apply in the 21st century because the conditions he discovered around the dialectics of dependency (super-exploitation of labor, unequal exchange, sub-imperialism, and the Fourth Power) remain in the contours of the world capitalist economy.

Export Policy in Pakistan

1966 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Mallon
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Terms Of Trade ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Export Diversification ◽  
Export Policy ◽  
External Economy

One of the main objectives of Pakistan's export policy has been the promotion of exports of manufactured goods. This is an objective which many under¬developed, predominately primary-exporting countries have in common because of their interest in export diversification. The general arguments used to justify such a policy, e.g., improvement in the terms of trade and increased stability of export proceeds—will not, however, be discussed in this paper1. Attention will instead be focussed on the economic consequences of the specific measures adopted by Pakistan, namely, a combination of export duties and subsidies which discriminate in favour of processed goods and against raw materials. The fact that in Pakistan the chief beneficiaries of discrimination have been manufactures of jute and cotton, products which also constitute most of the country's raw material exports, facilitates the economic evaluation of this policy. It can thus be assumed that if jute and cotton were not exported as manufactures they could be exported in raw form, or in other words, that the problem con¬sists in selecting that combination of exports in raw and manufactured form which maximizes net foreign exchange earnings. Furthermore, the textile industry is not a very good case for applying the external economy argument (i.e., subsidies to industries which provide training to the labour force in new skills, etc.,) be¬cause the industry would exist in any case to supply the internal market, economies of scale are limited and the skills employed are fairly rudimentary. In the follow¬ing, all our discussion will be concentrated on the jute and cotton situation, the special problems of other manufacturing fall outside the scope of our analysis.

Late Antiquity to the Early Middle Ages: What Kind of Transition?

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jairus Banaji
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Marxist Theory ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Degree Of Control ◽  
Direct Management ◽  
Mode Of Production

AbstractThe stereotype of slave-run latifundia being turned into serf-worked estates is no longer credible as a model of the transition from antiquity to the middle ages, but Chris Wickham’s anomalous characterisation of the Roman Empire as ‘feudal’ is scarcely a viable alternative to that. If a fully-articulated feudal economy only emerged in the later middle ages, what do we make of the preceding centuries? By postulating a ‘general dominance of tenant production’ throughout the period covered by his book, Wickham fails to offer any basis for a closer characterisation of the post-Roman rural labour-force and exaggerates the degree of control that peasants enjoyed in the late Empire and post-Roman world. A substantial part of the rural labour-force of the sixth to eighth centuries comprised groups who, like Rosamond Faith’s inland-workers in Anglo-Saxon England, were more proletarian than peasant-like. The paper suggests the likely ways in which that situation reflected Roman traditions of direct management and the subordination of labour, and outlines what a Marxist theory of the so-called colonate might look like. After discussing Wickham’s handling of the colonate and slavery, and looking briefly at the nature of estates and the fate of the Roman aristocracy, I conclude by criticising the way Wickham uses the category of ‘mode of production’.

scholarly journals „Disparater Tausch“

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (124) ◽  
pp. 429-442
Author(s):  
Peter Custers
Keyword(s):  
Civil Wars ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Transnational Corporation ◽  
Terms Of Trade ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Unequal Exchange

Financing civil wars in Africa depends of the export of raw materials like diamonds or oil as well on the side of government as on the side of rebels. Transnational corporation get big profits by these exports, especially in the monopolised sector of diamond industries. In result, there exists not only an “unequal exchange” because of bad terms of trade, but a “disparate exchange”: natural wealth is exchanged against waste products like weapons and the use of these weapons leads to further destruction and misery.

scholarly journals A TEORIA MARXISTA DA DEPENDÊNCIA À LUZ DE MARX E DO CAPITALISMO CONTEMPORÂNEO

Caderno CRH ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (84) ◽  
pp. 463
Author(s):  
Carlos Eduardo Martins
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Marxist Theory ◽  
The Political ◽  
Dependency Theory ◽  
The Third ◽  
Amérique Latine ◽  
America Latina ◽  
Amerique Latine

<p>Neste artigo, analisam-se as principais contribuições da economia política da dependência a partir dos debates que a obra de Ruy Mauro Marini suscitou. Propõe-se a reformulação teórica dos conceitos de superexploração do trabalho e de subimperialismo, com o objetivo de atualizar e enriquecer a teoria marxista da dependência, para a análise das tendências do capitalismo contemporâneo e das formas históricas que ele assumiu na América Latina. O texto se divide em três partes: a primeira onde se expõem o pensamento de Marini e suas contribuições para a economia política; a segunda onde se apresentam as principais críticas realizadas ao seu enfoque; e a terceira onde se busca sustentar seu enfoque a partir de algumas reformulações que se consideram necessárias para desenvolvê-lo.</p><div class="trans-abstract"><p><span>THE DEPENDENCY THEORY IN THE LIGHT OF MARX AND CONTEMPORARY CAPITALISM</span></p><p>The article analyzes the main contributions of the political economy of dependence from the debates that the work of Ruy Mauro Marini aroused. It proposes the theoretical reformulation of the concepts of superexploitation of labor and of subimperialism with the aim of updating and enriching the Marxist theory of dependency to analyze the trends of contemporary capitalism and the historical forms it has assumed in Latin America. It is divided into three parts, the first where Marini’s thinking and his contributions to political economy are presented, the second where the main criticisms of his approach are presented, and the third one where we sustain his approach from some reformulations that are considered necessary to develop it.</p><p><strong>Key words: </strong>Superexplotation of labour; Subimperialism; Marxist political economy; Marini; Marx</p></div><div class="trans-abstract"><p class="sec"><span>LA THÉORIE DE LA DÉPENDENCE À LA LUMIÈRE DU MARX ET DU CAPITALISME CONTEMPORAINE</span></p><p>L’articleanalyse les principales contributions de l’économiepolitique de la dépendance aux débats suscités par le travail de Ruy Mauro Marini. Il propose la reformulation théorique des concepts de surexploitation du travail et de sub-impérialisme dans le but de mettre à jour et d’enrichir la théorie marxiste de la dépendance pour analyser les tendances du capitalismecontemporain et les formes historiques qu’il a assumées en Amérique Latine. Il est divisé en trois parties, la première où la pensée de Marini et ses contributions à l’économie politique sont présentées, la seconde où les principales critiques de son approche sont présentées, et la troisième où il cherche à soutenir son approche à partir de certaines reformulations qui sont considérés comme nécessaires pour le développer.</p><p><strong>Key words: </strong>Superexploration du travail; Sous-imperialism; Économiepolitiquemarxiste; Marini; Marx</p></div>

scholarly journals Global Commodity Chains and the New Imperialism

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Intan Suwandi ◽  
R Jamil Jonna ◽  
John Bellamy Foster
Keyword(s):  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Global Structure ◽  
First Century ◽  
Unequal Exchange ◽  
Value Transfer ◽  
Global Commodity Chains ◽  
New Imperialism

To comprehend twenty-first-century imperialism we must go beyond analysis of the nation-state to a systematic investigation of the increasing global reach of multinational corporations or the role of the global labor arbitrage. At issue is the way in which today's global monopolies in the center of the world economy have captured value generated by labor in the periphery within a process of unequal exchange, thus getting "more labour in exchange for less. The result has been to change the global structure of industrial production while maintaining and often intensifying the global structure of exploitation and value transfer.

The Longue Durée of the Marxist Theory of Dependency and the Twenty-First Century

2021 ◽  
pp. 0094582X2110520
Author(s):  
Carlos Eduardo Martins
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
World Order ◽  
Marxist Theory ◽  
First Century ◽  
Dependency Theory ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Latin American Left ◽  
Global Strategies ◽  
American Left

A critical review of the 50-year-old Marxist theory of dependency and its current situation includes discussion of its analyses of the world-system, the concepts of superexploitation and subimperialism, its reflections on development, democracy, and proposals for emancipation, and its perspectives on the rise of the Latin American left in the twenty-first century and the prospects of neoconservatism. It concludes that with the globalization of capital, Marxist dependency theory must oppose not only internal structures of dependency but the imperialist world order, and this will call for the socialization of the forces of production and the development of national, continental and global strategies. Uma revisão crítica dos 50 anos de debates sobre a teoria marxista da dependência e seu estado da arte, que inclui a discussão de suas análises do sistema-mundo, os conceitos de superexploração e subimperialismo, suas reflexões sobre desenvolvimento, democracia e propostas de emancipação, e suas perspectivas sobre a ascensão da esquerda latino-americana no século XXI e as perspectivas do neoconservadorismo. Conclui que, com a globalização do capital, a teoria marxista da dependência deve assumir sua vocação de luta não apenas contra as estruturas internas da dependência mas também contra a ordem mundial imperialista, e isso exigirá o desenvolvimento de estratégias nacionais, continentais e mundiais.

Assessing a Proposal for Updating the Marxist Theory of Dependency

2021 ◽  
pp. 0094582X2110479
Author(s):  
Jaime Osorio
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
The State ◽  
Marxist Theory ◽  
Recent Proposal ◽  
Unequal Exchange ◽  
America Latina ◽  
The Revolution

A recent proposal for updating of the Marxist theory of dependency requires abandoning the categories of superexploitation and unequal exchange and the theory of dependent capitalism. Examination of the limitations of this proposal highlights the misconceptions regarding these categories and the importance of recognizing dependent capitalism as a form of capitalism for an understanding of the state of the revolution in Latin America and the exceptional conditions that have made it possible for some economies to overcome underdevelopment. Una propuesta reciente de renovación de la teoría marxista de la dependencia reclama abandonar las categorías superexplotación e intercambio desigual y la de capitalismo dependiente. Un examen de las limitaciones de esta propuesta destaca a los errores en la comprensión de esas categorías así como la relevancia de capitalismo dependiente como una forma de capitalismo para comprender la actualidad de la revolución en América Latina y las condiciones de excepción que han hecho posible superar el subdesarrollo por algunas economías.

scholarly journals KEMAJUAN PEREMPUAN: BEBERAPA ASPEK KEPENDUDUKAN DAN SOSIAL BUDAYA

Populasi ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Singarimbun Masri
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
Participation Rates ◽  
Fertility Rates ◽  
Female Labour ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Labour Participation ◽  
Substantial Progress ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
Female Member ◽  
Member Of Parliament

The Indonesian women have achieved substantial progress over the last few decades and their participation in education, family planning, the labour force, and public life is relatively high by Asian standards. Literacy of women has incresed from 50.3 percent in 1971 to 78.6 percent in 1990; total fertility rates dropped from 5.6 in 1971 to 3-1 in 1991; infant mortality dropped from 143 in 1971 to 70 in 1985; female labour participation rates increased from 32.7 percent in 1980 to 39.2 percent in 1990; the ratio of male to female civil servants dropped from 3-6 in 1978 to 2.1 in 1990.The ratio of male to female member of parliament in Indonesia is lower than Singapore, Malaysia, USA, and Japan. However, many problems should be overcome before Indonesianwomen become fully integrated innational life.

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