scholarly journals DO Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs) reduce severity of pneumonia in 2019-nCov course of illness and improve survival?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elhassan Hussein Eltom Abdalla
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers ◽  
Receptor Site ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
World Health ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Alveolar Cells ◽  
Viral Receptor ◽  
Course Of Illness ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Cases of pneumonia of unknown etiology detected in Wuhan City, Hubei Province of China had been reported to World Health Organization (WHO) on 31 December 2019. A novel coronavirus (2019-nCov) was identified and isolated by Chinese health authorities on 7 January 2020, and it was reported to share the same receptor, Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as SARS-CoV do, ACE2 RNA expression profile in the normal human lung and ACE2 virus receptor expression is concentrated in a small population of type II alveolar cells, recalling lessons from SARS, we can postulate that the use of ARBs empirically for patient infected with 2019-nCoV will stimulate AT2 receptor, and at the same time the free Angiotensin II can compete to the viral receptor site, therefore, we will promisingly noticed reduce in pneumonia severity, increase the recovery rate and improve overall survival.

scholarly journals Single-cell RNA expression profiling of ACE2, the receptor of SARS-CoV-2

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Zhao ◽  
Zixian Zhao ◽  
Yujia Wang ◽  
Yueqing Zhou ◽  
Yu Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Viral Entry ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Strategy Development ◽  
Rna Expression ◽  
Alveolar Cells ◽  
Type Ii Alveolar Cells ◽  
Rna Expression Profiling ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

AbstractA novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 was identified in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China in December of 2019. According to WHO report, this new coronavirus has resulted in 76,392 confirmed infections and 2,348 deaths in China by 22 February, 2020, with additional patients being identified in a rapidly growing number internationally. SARS-CoV-2 was reported to share the same receptor, Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), with SARS-CoV. Here based on the public database and the state-of-the-art single-cell RNA-Seq technique, we analyzed the ACE2 RNA expression profile in the normal human lungs. The result indicates that the ACE2 virus receptor expression is concentrated in a small population of type II alveolar cells (AT2). Surprisingly, we found that this population of ACE2-expressing AT2 also highly expressed many other genes that positively regulating viral entry, reproduction and transmission. This study provides a biological background for the epidemic investigation of the COVID-19, and could be informative for future anti-ACE2 therapeutic strategy development.

scholarly journals IVERMECTIN AS ADJUVANT TO HYDROXYCHOLOROQUINE IN PATIENTS RESISTANT TO STANDARD TREATMENT FOR SARS-CoV-2: RESULTS OF AN OPEN-LABEL RANDOMIZED CLINICAL STUDY

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Naveen Kishoria ◽  
S.L Mathur ◽  
Veeram Parmar ◽  
Rimple Jeet Kaur ◽  
Harish Agarwal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
World Health ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Randomized Clinical Study ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The City

A cluster of pneumonia cases of unknown etiology was reported from the city of Wuhan, in the Hubei province of China, in December 2019. A novel coronavirus, named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was identified as the causative agent of the disease which was subsequently termed as the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) by the World Health Organization (WHO). SARS-CoV-2 mainly affects the lower res-piratory tract and manifests as pneumonia in humans.

Understanding COVID-19 – The Pandemic of 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 94-102
Author(s):  
Prasaath Sastha K R ◽  
Balasubramanian Arul ◽  
Ramalingam Kothai
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
H1n1 Influenza ◽  
World Health ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Director General ◽  
Causative Organism ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

It all started in December 2019, a seafood market in Wuhan, China, with a series of pneumonia alike cases admitted with severe acute respiratory depression. Since they were unable to detect the precise cause, they named it "Pneumonia of unknown etiology". Later it was identified as SARS COV 2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome – coronavirus 2). At first, the disease spread locally affecting the people of Wuhan, and then started spreading throughout China, creating a worldwide panic. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 in China as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) from China and local healthcare units organized an intensive outbreak investigation program. The causative organism of this infection is a new virus that belongs to the “coronavirus (CoV)” family. After which the disease was called nCoV-19 (Novel coronavirus – 19). On February 11, 2020, the WHO Director General, Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, renamed the disease as "COVID-19," which is the acronym of "coronavirus disease 2019". Viral epidemics like SARS-CoV in 2002, H1N1 influenza in 2009, and the most recent one the MERS-CoV Middle East Respiratory Distress Syndrome Coronavirus (first identified in Saudi Arabia) in 2012 threatened the health of mankind in the past two decades. All of these were successfully prevented by systematically approaching the problem to solve it. Healthcare professionals around the world are well trained to manage any type of health crisis. On March 11, 2020, the WHO declared COVID-19 as a "PANDEMIC" pointing to over 118,000 cases and 80,000 dead in 110 countries or more. In a media briefing, the WHO Director General said: "This is not just a public health crisis, it is a crisis that will touch every sector, so every sector and every individual must be involved in the fight."

scholarly journals Venous Thromboembolism and Its Association with COVID-19: Still an Open Debate

Medicina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierpaolo Di Micco ◽  
Vincenzo Russo ◽  
Corrado Lodigiani
Keyword(s):  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
World Health ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
The World ◽  
Open Debate ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Pharmacological Thromboprophylaxis

Asreported by the World Health Organization, a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) was identified as the causative virus of new viral pneumonia of unknown etiology by Chinese authorities on 7 January 2020. The virus was named COVID-19 and because of its ability to cause severe acute respiratory syndrome (i.e., SARS) this infection has also been defined as SARS-CoV2.Furthermore, an association between COVID-19 infection and venous thromboembolism has been reported in several series around the world.For this reason, methods used to improve diagnostic tools, pharmacological thromboprophylaxis and type of anticoagulants are discussed in this expert opinion.

scholarly journals Impact of COSARS-Cov-2 on Cardio-Pulmonary-Immune Signatures: A Review of Recent Developments with a Look toward the Future

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 01-05
Author(s):  
Charan Kudumula
Keyword(s):  
Central China ◽  
World Health ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Alveolar Cells ◽  
Immune Signatures ◽  
First Case ◽  
The World ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

In December 2019, the first case of patient with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) caused by the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, was reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province, Central China. SARS-CoV-2 causes CoronaVirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19 or nCoV-19) disease, which rapidly spread all over the world. In response to this serious situation, on 30 January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a global public health emergency of international concern, putting all health organizations on high alert. In mid-March 2020, WHO declared nCoV-19 a pandemic. By the end of September 2020, there were ~33.67 million confirmed cases and ~10.08 lakh deaths worldwide and the trend rising on each passing day. SARS-CoV-2 mainly infects the pulmonary system, but cause damage to other organs such as heart, kidney and intestine. Understanding the cardio-pulmonary issues underpinning of nCOV-19 pathogenesis is key to managing outcomes and mortality. SARS-CoV-2 uses the SARS-CoV receptor ACE2 for entry and the serine protease inhibitor TMPRSS2 for S protein priming. Alveolar cells and cardiomyocytes express ACE2 and TMPRSS2. In this Review, we summarize the current understanding of nCOV-19 pandemic from basic mechanisms to clinical perspectives, focusing on the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and the cardio-pulmonary-immune signatures. The study provides crucial insights into the first step of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and potential targets for antiviral intervention.

scholarly journals A mathematical model for simulating the transmission of Wuhan novel Coronavirus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianmu Chen ◽  
Jia Rui ◽  
Qiupeng Wang ◽  
Zeyu Zhao ◽  
Jing-An Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Network Model ◽  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
World Health ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Transmission Network ◽  
The World ◽  
Infection Source ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractAs reported by the World Health Organization, a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) was identified as the causative virus of Wuhan pneumonia of unknown etiology by Chinese authorities on 7 January, 2020. In this study, we developed a Bats-Hosts-Reservoir-People transmission network model for simulating the potential transmission from the infection source (probable be bats) to the human infection. Since the Bats-Hosts-Reservoir network was hard to explore clearly and public concerns were focusing on the transmission from a seafood market (reservoir) to people, we simplified the model as Reservoir-People transmission network model. The basic reproduction number (R0) was calculated from the RP model to assess the transmissibility of the 2019-nCoV.

scholarly journals Epidemiology, virology, and clinical features of severe acute respiratory syndrome -coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2; Coronavirus Disease-19)

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 119-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su Eun Park
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
World Health ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Current Outbreak ◽  
Respiratory Tract Sample ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

A cluster of severe pneumonia of unknown etiology in Wuhan City, Hubei province in China emerged in December 2019. A novel coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) was isolated from lower respiratory tract sample as the causative agent. The current outbreak of infections with SARS-CoV-2 is termed Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) by the World Health Organization (WHO). COVID-19 rapidly spread into at least 114 countries and killed more than 4,000 people by March 11 2020. WHO officially declared COVID-19 a pandemic on March 11, 2020. There have been 2 novel coronavirus outbreaks in the past 2 decades. The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2002–2003 caused by SARS-CoV had a case fatality rate of around 10% (8,098 confirmed cases and 774 deaths), while Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) caused by MERSCoV killed 861 people out of a total 2,502 confirmed cases between 2012 and 2019. The purpose of this review is to summarize known-to-date information about SARS-CoV-2, transmission of SARS-CoV-2, and clinical features.

The Impact of Deranged Glucose Metabolism and Diabetes in The Pathogenesis and Prognosis of The Novel Sars-Cov-2: A Systematic Review of Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Okoliko Ukwenya ◽  
Sunday Aderemi Adelakun ◽  
Temiloluwa Adeola Fuwape ◽  
Ayotunde Samuel Adeagbo
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
World Health ◽  
Causative Organism ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Impact

Background: The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020, has constituted one of the most serious health challenges of the century, globally. The causative organism was initially named the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019 nCoV) but has subsequently been renamed Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The pandemic has so far infected several million and killed about a million people worldwide. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the leading causes of morbidity worldwide. Objectives: To examine the critical role diabetes plays in the pathogenesis and prognosis of COVID-19 and to assess the emerging therapies available to fight the pandemic. Methods: Authors conducted a systematic review of literature to examine the role of diabetes as a comorbidity in the pathogenesis and prognosis of COVID-19. Results: Both experimental and observational data from early 2020 suggested that most people with COVID-19 have comorbidities, the most dominant of which are diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and hypertension. Empirical evidence indicates that diabetic patients infected with the COVID-19 disease had the worst outcomes concerning morbidity and mortality. Conclusion: A combination of underlying chronic conditions such as hypertension, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases together with altered ACE receptor expression, immune dysregulation via cytokine storm, alveolar and endothelial dysfunction, increased systemic coagulation may put individuals with diabetes at risk for COVID-19 severity. More studies are needed to elucidate how glucose-lowering drugs may modulate the host immune response in diabetic individuals, especially following the administration of potential COVID-19 vaccines.

scholarly journals Perspectives on COVID-19 therapies: conflicts and consensus

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e85997019
Author(s):  
Kaline Romeiro ◽  
Régida Cléa da Silva Batista ◽  
Luciana Gominho ◽  
Caio Vinícius Batista de Arruda ◽  
Antonio Carlos Moura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Persistent Fever ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

The chronology of COVID-19 infections shows us that the first cases were reported in December 2019. A number of patients were admitted to hospitals with a respiratory disease of an unknown etiology in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. The patients presented symptoms such as coughing, persistent fever, sore throat and pneumonia. The respiratory infection situation got worse rapidly and had a very fast spread. Soon after, it was reported that the causing agent of the disease had been confirmed as the novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), which belongs to the subfamily Orthocoronavirinae, of the family Coronaviridae in the order Nidovirales. On January 7, 2020, the disease was named as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) by the World Health Organization (WHO). Chloroquine (CQ), Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), Remdesivir, Heparin, Convalescent Plasma, Corticosteroid, Anticoagulants, Lopinavir, Ritonavir, Ivermectin and Nitazoxanide are some of the drugs on the market that are being tested to combat COVID-19. The purpose of this literature review is to analyze studies regarding the healing potential of these drugs for COVID-19.  Some researchers about the effectiveness of these medications, the success rate on viral diseases and its action potential by different mechanisms. Thus, given the researches analyzed in this study, it was evident for most authors that these drugs are promising treatments for COVID-19, while the vaccine is not manufactured and available.

COVID 19: REALS AND CHALLENGES AGAINST DOCTORS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-87
Author(s):  
Zen Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Virus Disease ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
World Health ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
Traditional Markets ◽  
Pneumonia Case ◽  
The World ◽  
New Type ◽  
Health Organization

Corona Virus Disease (Covid-19) is a contagious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which was discovered in December 2019 in China. This disease can cause clinical manifestations in the airway, lung and systemic. The World Health Organization (WHO) representative of China reported a pneumonia case with unknown etiology in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China on December 31, 2019. The cause was identified as a new type of coronavirus on January 7, 2020 with an estimated source of the virus from traditional markets (seafood market). ) Wuhan city

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