scholarly journals Public Transport Route Selection, Bus Stops Location and Guidance to the Users in Dar Es Salaam

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nassah
Keyword(s):  
Natural World ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Problems And Solutions ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Thick Skin ◽  
Community Conflicts

Transportation planning is very important in improving quality of transportation which in turn improve quality of life but still this profession is not much appreciated in the society. Good planning make progress towards paradise while bad or no planning leave legacy of problems and disputers. Planners perform vital role by anticipating and resolving community conflicts. Good planning requires special skills and perspectives:●Most people prefer to ignore problems until they become unavoidable. Planners are professional worriers who seek out potential problems so they can be mitigated.●Most people look at a problem from a single perspective. Planners are responsible for considering multiple perspectives; they ask, “what is best for everybody overall?”●Most people prefer simple problems and solutions. Planners learn to appreciate complexity, and search for deeper meanings and underlying causes. Planners learn to work with uncertainty and ambiguity.●Most people consider compromise a sign of weakness and failure. Planners are passionate about compromise because it resolves conflicts and often leads to better solutions and justice to everyone and every situation.●Most people prefer to consider one issue at a time. Planners apply integrated analysis, so individual, short-term decisions are consistent with multiple, long-term goals.Despite the effort of planners to help in maintaining balance between the human and natural world, yet, planners often receive little respect. Our successes are taken for granted, and we are often blamed for failures beyond our control. As coordinators of public decision-making, planners are lightning rods to criticism. Our role as unbiased facilitators is often misinterpreted as heartless bureaucrats. Stakeholders frequently hold planners personally responsible when dissatisfied with outcomes. Planners need diplomatic skills and a thick skin: if we do our job well, we are criticized approximately equally by all sides.

FROM WASTELAND TO PARKLAND: THE MAKING OF CORKTOWN COMMON

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 109-140
Author(s):  
Laura Solano
Keyword(s):  
Health And Safety ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Public Realm ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Benefits ◽  
Natural Landscapes ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Public Health And Safety

INTRODUCTION Density, public health and safety, quality of life, and sustainability are some of the most confounding issues that major cities face today as they expand in population and area. How do we bring urban populations closer together in the public realm, while still providing space for the individual psyche and also increasing the overall sense of positive connection to the natural world and to each other? Robust natural landscapes have sometimes been considered a luxury within a functioning city, but more and more they are being recognized for the vital role they play in making cities livable. The story of Corktown Common relates how a landscape built of necessity was also designed to deliver myriad public benefits, including enhanced urban ecology and sustainability.

scholarly journals Management Efficiency of Budgeting: Evidence from Public Universities in Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-115
Author(s):  
Oanh Thi Tu LE ◽  
Nga Thi Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Public Universities ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Main Method ◽  
Strategic Objectives ◽  
Management Efficiency ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Implementation Plans

Budgeting is an important tool helping managers in planning and controlling during the operation of universities. Budgeting plays a vital role in controlling budgeting activities in the short-term and provides appropriate implementation plans to achieve strategic objectives. This study aims to evaluate the management effectiveness of budgeting activities in Vietnamese public universities. Data was collected from 53 public universities in Vietnam through questionnaire. After collecting, the data is cleansed and analyzed on SPSS software by tools such as: Frequency statistics, price statistics, average, comparing. The research results showed that: (1) The application of budgeting is comprehensive; that includes income and expenditure budget, enrollment budget, and teaching budget; (2) Monitoring and evaluation of budgeting activities are strictly implemented, (3) The main budgeting method is preparing general budgets for the entire university, and the other method is preparing budgets for each department (4) The main method of evaluating budgeting is comparing variances while variance analysis and finding underlying causes were not applied. This study proposes solutions to improve the process, content and quality of budgeting, thereby contributing to improving management efficiency in public universities in Vietnam. JEL Classification: M10, M40, M41.

scholarly journals The politics of frailty

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 544-548
Author(s):  
Martin J Vernon
Keyword(s):  
Poor Quality ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
World Population ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Sustainable Health

Abstract The world population is ageing because of falling fertility and improved life expectancy. Knowing this has not helped governments develop sustainable health and care policies because the underlying causes and impacts of population ageing remain poorly understood. Planning using only population age structure does not account for uneven geographical distribution of older people, their health characteristics, functional needs or lived experiences. English National Health Service (NHS) policy has previously focused on arbitrary age segmentation, failing to capture the origins of cumulative disease and functional burden and missing the opportunity to incorporate wider determinants of health into prevention of poor-quality ageing. This is despite growing international evidence that adults living in places with low per capita income and educational attainment experience a higher burden of age-related disease. Lack of a credible ageing narrative and good quality population health data have contributed to a focus on single disease prevention, rather than life course disease aggregation and its personal impacts. However, a fully explicated health and care narrative incorporating frailty does now give some cause for optimism. In 2017, England became the first country to characterise and systematically identify frailty as a long-term treatable health condition. This was coincident with a UK Government’s Industrial Strategy targeting societal ageing. In 2019, the English NHS published a funded long-term plan including a major programme focused on ageing well. Policy makers, health leaders and clinicians must not squander these opportunities but instead pursue frailty prevention and intervention to improve the quality of population ageing.

scholarly journals Effect of different processing conditions on quality of cassava

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-77
Author(s):  
Sunmonu Musliu ◽  
Sanusi Mayowa ◽  
Lawal Habeeb
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Efficiency ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Delay Period ◽  
Sugar Concentration ◽  
Artificial Sweetener ◽  
Extraction Test

Sweeteners play a vital role in the food industry serving either as preservative or as addition to consumables. The high intake of sweetener brought about production of artificially synthesized sweetener which has, in turn, given a reason of concern for health on a long term. Cassava is one of the mostly cultivated crops in Nigeria with cassava possessing the highest level of starch compared to other crops. This research explores the abundance of cassava, converting its starch into sweetener (glucose). An extraction test rig was developed as part of the study to extract sweetener from cassava. A 2x3x3 factorial experiment was used to carry out the experiment and the factors considered were cassava varieties (Manihot dulcis and Manihot palmatal), delay period (15, 30 and 45 minutes) and quantity of starch (1, 2 and 4 kg). The SPSS 20.0 was used to carry out the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) for the measured parameters. The sugar concentration analysis carried out on the cassava sweetener (Manihot dulcis) and (Manihot palmatal), gave values 13.02 and 17.57 mg/mL, respectively which were in line with the established cassava sweetener with value of 12.43 mg/mL. The ANOVA showed the interactive effect of cassava variety, delay period and quantity of starch on the nutritional composition of the sweetener on a 5% confidence level. The result revealed the highest extraction efficiency of which full hydrolysis for cassava variety (Manihot palmatal), 45minutes delay period and 2 kg quantity of starch compared with cassava variety (Manihot dulcis) 45 minutes delay period and 2 kg quantity of starch that gave the extraction efficiency of 76.93% and 78.03%, respectively. In nutritional value and sugar concentration comparison, the cassava sweetener obtained gave values closer to the established cassava sweetener and, as such, is a proper replacement for artificial sweetener.

scholarly journals Hyperspectral Earth Observation from IASI: Five Years of Accomplishments

2012 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona Hilton ◽  
Raymond Armante ◽  
Thomas August ◽  
Chris Barnet ◽  
Aurelie Bouchard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Climate Studies ◽  
Term Data

The Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) forms the main infrared sounding component of the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites's (EUMETSAT's) Meteorological Operation (MetOp)-A satellite (Klaes et al. 2007), which was launched in October 2006. This article presents the results of the first 4 yr of the operational IASI mission. The performance of the instrument is shown to be exceptional in terms of calibration and stability. The quality of the data has allowed the rapid use of the observations in operational numerical weather prediction (NWP) and the development of new products for atmospheric chemistry and climate studies, some of which were unexpected before launch. The assimilation of IASI observations in NWP models provides a significant forecast impact; in most cases the impact has been shown to be at least as large as for any previous instrument. In atmospheric chemistry, global distributions of gases, such as ozone and carbon monoxide, can be produced in near–real time, and short-lived species, such as ammonia or methanol, can be mapped, allowing the identification of new sources. The data have also shown the ability to track the location and chemistry of gaseous plumes and particles associated with volcanic eruptions and fires, providing valuable data for air quality monitoring and aircraft safety. IASI also contributes to the establishment of robust long-term data records of several essential climate variables. The suite of products being developed from IASI continues to expand as the data are investigated, and further impacts are expected from increased use of the data in NWP and climate studies in the coming years. The instrument has set a high standard for future operational hyperspectral infrared sounders and has demonstrated that such instruments have a vital role in the global observing system.

Thinking Beyond Language: Intervention for Severe Aphasia

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Simmons-Mackie
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Communication Training ◽  
Language Intervention ◽  
Specific Training ◽  
Environmental Support ◽  
Total Communication ◽  
Communication Partners

Abstract Purpose: This article addresses several intervention approaches that aim to improve life for individuals with severe aphasia. Because severe aphasia significantly compromises language, often for the long term, recommended approaches focus on additional domains that affect quality of life. Treatments are discussed that involve increasing participation in personally relevant life situations, enhancing environmental support for communication and participation, and improving communicative confidence. Methods: Interventions that have been suggested in the aphasia literature as particularly appropriate for people with severe aphasia include training in total communication, training of communication partners, and activity specific training. Conclusion: Several intervention approaches can be implemented to enhance life with severe aphasia.

Communication Disordered: Program Implementation in Long-Term Care

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (15) ◽  
pp. 64-67
Author(s):  
George Barnes ◽  
Joseph Salemi
Keyword(s):  
Program Implementation ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Family Satisfaction ◽  
Regulatory Compliance ◽  
Care Staff ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Change Policy

The organizational structure of long-term care (LTC) facilities often removes the rehab department from the interdisciplinary work culture, inhibiting the speech-language pathologist's (SLP's) communication with the facility administration and limiting the SLP's influence when implementing clinical programs. The SLP then is unable to change policy or monitor the actions of the care staff. When the SLP asks staff members to follow protocols not yet accepted by facility policy, staff may be unable to respond due to confusing or conflicting protocol. The SLP needs to involve members of the facility administration in the policy-making process in order to create successful clinical programs. The SLP must overcome communication barriers by understanding the needs of the administration to explain how staff compliance with clinical goals improves quality of care, regulatory compliance, and patient-family satisfaction, and has the potential to enhance revenue for the facility. By taking this approach, the SLP has a greater opportunity to increase safety, independence, and quality of life for patients who otherwise may not receive access to the appropriate services.

Long term follow-up in quality of life after mitral valve surgery

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (S 01) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Kammerer ◽  
M Höhn ◽  
AH Kiessling ◽  
S Becker ◽  
FU Sack
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Mitral Valve Surgery ◽  
Valve Surgery ◽  
Long Term Follow Up
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