scholarly journals Identification of shapes and uses of past landscapes through EMI survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
François-Xavier Simon ◽  
Ian Moffat
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Calibration Procedure ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Susceptibility Data ◽  
Local Soil ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Wide Availability ◽  
Electro Magnetic ◽  
New Instruments

Over the last ten years, the use of Electro-Magnetic Induction (EMI) instruments for archaeological purposes has increased considerably. This development has come both from the availability of new instruments' with multi-coils spacing allowing a multi-depth analysis and because of the wide availability of high quality GPS positing which can be easily integrated with EMI. These new pos- sibilities promote the use of EMI instruments for the study of archaeological landscapes and sites. Indeed, the capability to simultane- ously map both the electrical conductivity and the magnetic susceptibility presents a great advantage for archaeological purposes com- pared to other geophysical instruments. The combination of these two measurements means that it is possible to geomorphologicaly characterize past landscapes while simultaneously mapping anthropogenic activities. 7b maximize the potential ofE MI measurements, this technique requires specialized processing and calibration to limit confusing and unclear results. In order to obtain quantitative conductivity and magnetic susceptibility data, it is necessary to correct instrumental drift and calibrate for local soil conditions. In this paper we introduce the theoretical basis of the EMI technique, discuss common instruments and explain the calibration procedure before presenting three case studies that illustrate applications of EMI to archaeological sites on a range of scales.

scholarly journals Collective Magnetic Behavior of 11 nm Photo-Switchable CsCoFe Prussian Blue Analogue Nanocrystals: Effect of Dilution and Light Intensity

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Linh Trinh ◽  
Eric Rivière ◽  
Sandra Mazerat ◽  
Laure Catala ◽  
Talal Mallah
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Prussian Blue ◽  
Magnetic Behavior ◽  
Magnetic Interaction ◽  
Light Irradiation ◽  
Prussian Blue Analogue ◽  
Magnetic Susceptibility Data ◽  
Susceptibility Data

The collective magnetic behavior of photoswitchable 11 nm cyanide-bridged nanoparticles based of the Prussian blue analogue CsCoFe were investigated when embedded in two different matrices with different concentrations. The effect of the intensity of light irradiation was studied in the less concentrated sample. Magnetization studies and alternating magnetic susceptibility data are consistent with a collective magnetic behavior due to interparticle dipolar magnetic interaction for the two compounds, even though the objects have a size that place them in the superparamagnetic regime.

scholarly journals Key Competences, Education for Sustainable Development and Strategies for the Development of 21st Century Skills. A Systematic Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 10366
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos González-Salamanca ◽  
Olga Lucía Agudelo ◽  
Jesús Salinas
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
21St Century ◽  
21St Century Skills ◽  
Knowledge Society ◽  
Information And Communications Technology ◽  
First Century ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Digital Environments ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
New Instruments

Skills needed to be successful in the world have changed, and there is a gap between those learned at school and those required to function at work and in society. A broader range of skills is required to learn, communicate, collaborate, and solve problems in digital environments. Twenty-first century skills have been identified by UNESCO, OECD, and others as competences required for a sustainable future of the knowledge society. The aim was to learn the design principles involved in the incorporation of these skills into the curriculum, find out possible ways to teach and assess them, and examine how this process could be personalized using Information and Communications Technology (ICT). A literature review was carried out through a qualitative metasynthesis, which identified 43 studies that met the inclusion criteria. From the in-depth analysis, it can be seen that although the incorporation of 21st century skills into the curriculum, teaching methodologies, and the use of ICT are all recurrent themes, there is still a need for further research into the design and implementation of new instruments for assessment and the ways in which the teaching–learning process can be personalized.

scholarly journals Morphological Characterization of Root System Architecture in Diverse Tomato Genotypes during Early Growth

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 3888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurora Alaguero-Cordovilla ◽  
Francisco Gran-Gómez ◽  
Sergio Tormos-Moltó ◽  
José Pérez-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
System Architecture ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Morphological Plasticity ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Wild Tomato Species ◽  
Local Soil

Plant roots exploit morphological plasticity to adapt and respond to different soil environments. We characterized the root system architecture of nine wild tomato species and four cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) varieties during early growth in a controlled environment. Additionally, the root system architecture of six near-isogenic lines from the tomato ‘Micro-Tom’ mutant collection was also studied. These lines were affected in key genes of ethylene, abscisic acid, and anthocyanin pathways. We found extensive differences between the studied lines for a number of meaningful morphological traits, such as lateral root distribution, lateral root length or adventitious root development, which might represent adaptations to local soil conditions during speciation and subsequent domestication. Taken together, our results provide a general quantitative framework for comparing root system architecture in tomato seedlings and other related species.

Magnetic Properties of Liquid Crystals Incorporating Metal Centres

1989 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Haase ◽  
Stefan Gehring ◽  
Bettina Borchers
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Liquid Crystals ◽  
Molecular Interactions ◽  
Magnetic Susceptibility Data ◽  
Susceptibility Data ◽  
Magnetic Effects ◽  
Diamagnetic Anisotropy

AbstractMagnetic susceptibility data (300–520 K) of monomeric and dimeric mesogenic copper(II) compounds are presented. Different magnetic effects arising from the paramagnetic Cu(II)-centres and the diamagnetic anisotropy of the mesogenic groups are observed and discussed with respect to possible inter molecular interactions.

An experiment in the control of the ground water-level in a fen peat soil

1951 ◽  
Vol 41 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 149-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Nicholson ◽  
G. Alderman ◽  
D. H. Firth
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Ground Water Level ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Local Soil

1. The methods of investigation of the effect of ground water-level on crop growth, together with tho field installations in use, are discussed.2. Direct field experiments are handicapped by the difficulties of achieving close control on a sufficiently large scale, due to considerable variations of surface level and depth of peat within individual fields and to rapid fluctuations in rainfall and evaporation. Many recorded experiments are associated with climatic conditions of substantial precipitation during the growing season.3. Seasonal fluctuations of ground water-level in Fen peat soils in England, in natural and agricultural conditions, are described.4. The local soil conditions are outlined and the implications of profile variations are discussed.5. The effective control of ground water-level on a field scale requires deep and commodious ditches and frequent large underdrains to ensure the movement of water underground with sufficient freedom to give rapid compensatory adjustment for marked disturbances of ground water-level following the incidence of heavy rain or excessive evaporation.6. A working installation for a field experiment in ordinary farming conditions is described and the measure of control attained is indicated.

scholarly journals Investigating the influence of topographic irregularities and two-dimensional effects on surface ground motion intensity with one- and two-dimensional analyses

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1773-1788 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ç. İnce ◽  
L. Yılmazoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Site Response ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Equivalent Linear ◽  
Local Soil ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Earthquake Response Analysis

Abstract. In this work, the surface ground motion that occurs during an earthquake in ground sections having different topographic forms has been examined with one and two dynamic site response analyses. One-dimensional analyses were undertaken using the Equivalent-Linear Earthquake Response Analysis (EERA) program based on the equivalent linear analysis principle and the Deepsoil program which is able to make both equivalent linear and nonlinear analyses and two-dimensional analyses using the Plaxis 8.2 software. The viscous damping parameters used in the dynamic site response analyses undertaken with the Plaxis 8.2 software were obtained using the DeepSoil program. In the dynamic site response analyses, the synthetic acceleration over a 475-year return period representing the earthquakes in Istanbul was used as the basis of the bedrock ground motion. The peak ground acceleration obtained different depths of soils and acceleration spectrum values have been compared. The surface topography and layer boundaries in the 5-5' cross section which cuts across the study area west to east were selected in order to examine the effect of the land topography and layer boundaries on the analysis results, and were flattened and compared with the actual status. The analysis results showed that the characteristics of the surface ground motion change in relation to the varying local soil conditions and land topography.

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