scholarly journals An overview of CD19 in COVID-19: Insights from Primary Immunodeficiencies and B cell depleting therapies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pulukool Sandhya ◽  
Abhinav Jain ◽  
Geeta Govindaraj
Keyword(s):  
B Cell ◽  
Cell Depletion ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
B Cell Depletion ◽  
Pathogenic Role ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Systemic Autoimmunity ◽  
Common Variable

The evolution of COVID-19 as a global pandemic and emerging evidence from cohorts of patients have provided an immense opportunity to understand biological processes pertinent to development of the disease. The immune system is central to the development of characteristic hyperinflammation. In an attempt to understand the role of humoral immunity in COVID-19, reports encompassing patients with primary immunodeficiency (PID)(13 patients) and on B cell depletion therapies(39 patients) who had concurrent COVID-19 were reviewed. In PIDs, patients with common variable immunodeficiency had worse outcomes than patients with agammaglobulinemia. Among the patients on B cell depletion therapy, heterogenous outcome was seen. As a group, patients with multiple sclerosis had better outcomes as compared to patients with systemic autoimmunity. Further, increasing reports of autoimmunity and autoinflammatory diseases occurring in temporal relation to COVID-19 is also evidence for the pathogenic role played by B cells. B cell depletion in the setting of COVID-19 may not be harmful in all patients and in fact may be protective in some scenarios. Identification of risk factors associated with a worse outcome in patients on B cell therapy could provide a rationale for individualised management.

scholarly journals Pathology of rituximab-induced Kaposi sarcoma flare: role of B-cell depletion

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (S2) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Pantanowitz ◽  
K Früh ◽  
D Aboulafia ◽  
S Marconi ◽  
BJ Dezube
Keyword(s):  
B Cell ◽  
Kaposi Sarcoma ◽  
Cell Depletion ◽  
B Cell Depletion

Major role of the effector to target ratio in rituximab mediated B cell depletion and interferon-Γ production by NK cells: Relevance in NHL and B-cell CLL

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (16_suppl) ◽  
pp. 2566-2566 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Dall’ozzo ◽  
C. Kantari ◽  
G. Cartron ◽  
C. Le Guellec ◽  
P. Bardos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cell ◽  
Nk Cells ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Cell Depletion ◽  
B Cell Depletion ◽  
Target Ratio

Common Variable Immunodeficiency in Horses is Characterized by B Cell Depletion in Primary and Secondary Lymphoid Tissues

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Julia B. F. Flaminio ◽  
Rebecca L. Tallmadge ◽  
Cristina O. M. Salles-Gomes ◽  
Mary Beth Matychak
Keyword(s):  
B Cell ◽  
Common Variable Immunodeficiency ◽  
Cell Depletion ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
B Cell Depletion ◽  
Common Variable

scholarly journals B Cells in Rheumatoid Arthritis：Pathogenic Mechanisms and Treatment Prospects

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengping Wu ◽  
Jinfang Gao ◽  
Jie Kang ◽  
Xuexue Wang ◽  
Qing Niu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Basic Feature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cell Depletion ◽  
Systemic Autoimmune Disease ◽  
B Cell Depletion ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
M1 Macrophages

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common, chronic, systemic autoimmune disease, and its clinical features are the proliferation of joint synovial tissue, the formation of pannus and the destruction of cartilage. The global incidence of RA is about 1%, and it is more common in women. The basic feature of RA is the body’s immune system disorders, in which autoreactive CD4+T cells, pathogenic B cells, M1 macrophages, inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and autoantibodies abnormally increase in the body of RA patients B cell depletion therapy has well proved the important role of B cells in the pathogenesis of RA, and the treatment of RA with B cells as a target has also been paid more and more attention. Although the inflammatory indicators in RA patients receiving B-cell depletion therapy have been significantly improved, the risk of infection and cancer has also increased, which suggests that we need to deplete pathogenic B cells instead of all B cells. However, at present we cannot distinguish between pathogenic B cells and protective B cells in RA patients. In this review, we explore fresh perspectives upon the roles of B cells in the occurrence, development and treatment of RA.

scholarly journals B-cell–targeted therapies in relapsing forms of MS

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. e405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Divyanshu Dubey ◽  
Thomas Forsthuber ◽  
Eoin P. Flanagan ◽  
Sean J. Pittock ◽  
Olaf Stüve
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
B Cells ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
B Cell Depletion ◽  
Pathogenic Role ◽  
Phase Iii Clinical Trials ◽  
Anti Cd20

In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the therapeutic options available for the management of relapsing forms of MS. Therapies primarily targeting B cells, including therapeutic anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies, have been evaluated in phase I, phase II, and phase III clinical trials. Results of these trials have shown their efficacy and relatively tolerable adverse effect profiles, suggesting a favorable benefit-to-risk ratio. In this review, we discuss the pathogenic role of B cells in MS and the rationale behind the utilization of B-cell depletion as a therapeutic cellular option. We also discuss the data of clinical trials for anti-CD20 antibodies in relapsing forms of MS and existing evidence for other B-cell–directed therapeutic strategies.

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