scholarly journals Decentralization: An Incomplete Ambition

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Schneider

Decentralization is a term widely used in a variety of contexts, particularly in political science and discourses surrounding the Internet. It is popular today among advocates of blockchain technology. While frequently employed as if it were a technical term, decentralization more reliably appears to operate as a rhetorical strategy that directs attention toward some aspects of a proposed social order and away from others. It is called for far more than it is theorized or consistently defined. This non-specificity has served to draw diverse participants into common political and technological projects. Yet even the most apparently decentralized systems have shown the capacity to produce economically and structurally centralized outcomes. The rhetoric of decentralization thus obscures other aspects of the re-ordering it claims to describe. It steers attention from where concentrations of power are operating, deferring worthwhile debate about how such power should operate. For decentralization to be a reliable concept in formulating future social arrangements and related technologies, it should come with high standards of specificity. It also cannot substitute for anticipating centralization with appropriate mechanisms of accountability.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shreya Reddy ◽  
Lisa Ewen ◽  
Pankti Patel ◽  
Prerak Patel ◽  
Ankit Kundal ◽  
...  

<p>As bots become more prevalent and smarter in the modern age of the internet, it becomes ever more important that they be identified and removed. Recent research has dictated that machine learning methods are accurate and the gold standard of bot identification on social media. Unfortunately, machine learning models do not come without their negative aspects such as lengthy training times, difficult feature selection, and overwhelming pre-processing tasks. To overcome these difficulties, we are proposing a blockchain framework for bot identification. At the current time, it is unknown how this method will perform, but it serves to prove the existence of an overwhelming gap of research under this area.<i></i></p>


2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
S. M. Doguchaeva

The era of digital transformation provides the opportunity for leading companies to change priorities - to begin to take care of the support environment using innovative technologies and become a leading creative platform open for innovation. The successful development of the digital world, the blockchain technology, the Internet of things – the mechanism which will change the financial world. 


Author(s):  
Savinay Mengi ◽  
Astha Gupta

A Blockchain protocol operates on top of the Internet, on a P2P network of computers that all run the protocol and hold an identical copy of the ledger of transactions, enabling P2P value transactions without a middleman though machine consensus. The concept of Blockchain first came to fame in October 2008, as part of a proposal for Bitcoin, with the aim to create P2P money without banks. Bitcoin introduced a novel solution to the age-old human problem of trust. The underlying blockchain technology allows us to trust the outputs of the system without trusting any actor within it. People and institutions who do not know or trust each other, reside in different countries, are subject to different jurisdictions, and who have no legally binding agreements with each other, can now interact over the Internet without the need for trusted third parties like banks, Internet platforms, or other types of clearing institutions. Ideas around cryptographically secured P2P networks have been discussed in the academic environment in different evolutionary stages, mostly in theoretical papers, since the 1980s. “Proof-of-Work” is the consensus mechanism that enables distributed control over the ledger. It is based on a combination of economic incentives and cryptography. Blockchain is a shared, trusted, public ledger of transactions, that everyone can inspect but which no single user controls. It is a distributed database that maintains a continuously growing list of transaction data records, cryptographically secured from tampering and revision.


2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Mokhamad Mahfud

The term "think globally and act locally" has begun to surface since the eighties, but until now, a quarter century later, there was also a surefire formula go see about it. Human experience feel things that otherwise like sara (suku, agama dan ras)  events that befall the nation, instead of peace, mutual trust, peaceful coexistence, at-ta'ayus as-silmi, tolerance, tasamuh among fellow human beings and between groups, but rather violence, violence , prejudice (prejudice), az- su'u zan  religion, ethnicity, class, race, interests, both at the local, regional, national and even international (global). As if all want to reverse the adage "think locally and act only", without having coupled "think globally". In the associate, connect and communicate with other groups and do not feel the need to consider the governance rules, laws, agreements and international relations.Each ethnic group, religion, class, culture wants to maintain, even cult, sect or school of thought wanted to strengthen and reinforce certain local religious identity, cultural identity, ethnic identity, political identity as felt in the shadow of the threat of domination and cultural hegemony, certain foreign cultures or civilizations.Pressure of social psychology in the real and the imagined then cause unfair treatment (injustice), discriminatory (political behavior discrimination of race, ethnicity, religion and origin) and subordinate (humble and do not consider important the presence of another person or group), here as if there is no problem indeed, in maintaining the identity and group identity, but the ripples that appear in events locally, regionally, nationally and internationally to prove there is indeed a problem in the social order of the world.This paper offers a model of communication between fellow men's race (human), which integrates and connectedness with nature and God (spirituality), in the context of Communication Studies allows develop integration-interconnection study Communications, for example, the model trialektika between Islamic, and Indonesian-ness can Modernity in trialektika developed to initiate some sort of communication, namely (Islamic [Komunikasi Islam(i)/ hadarah an-nas/Religion/‘irfani], Indonesianness (Komunikasi Indonesia/ Nusantara/ hadarah al-falsafah /Philosophy/ burhani), and Modernity [Modern/Western Communications]/ hadarah al-‘ilm/Science/bayani), researcher asumtion that Modern Communications refers to Western Communications.Komunikasi Nusantara is a science communication in digging up the basic values of the indegenous values or the values of local wisdom Indonesia (Nusantara Philosophy), then associate with theories derived from Komunikasi Islam(i)/Komunikasi Profetik and Modern/ Western Communications.


Author(s):  
Muhammad Elsayeh ◽  
Kadry Ali Ezzat ◽  
Hany El-Nashar ◽  
Lamia Nabil Omran

The internet of medical things (IoMT) has a great role in improving the health around the world. IoMT is having a great impact in our life in which the clinical data of the patient is observed and checked and then can be transferred to the third party for using in the future such as the cloud. IoMT is a huge data system with a continuous developing rate, which implies that we should keep a lot of data secure. We propose a combined security architecture that fuses the standard architecture and new blockchain technology. Blockchain is a temper digital ledger which gives peer-to-peer communication and provides communication between non-trust individuals. Using standard in-depth strategy and blockchain, we are able to develop a method to collect vital signs data from IoMT and connected devices and use blockchain to store and retrieve the collected data in a secure and decentralized fashion within a closed system, suitable for healthcare providers such as private clinics, hospitals, and healthcare organizations were sharing data with each other is required. Right now initially examine the innovation behind Blockchain then propose IoMT-based security architecture utilizing Blockchain to guarantee the security of information transmission between associated nodes. Experimental analysis shows that the proposed scheme presents a non-significant overhead; yet it brings major advantages to meet the standard security and privacy requirements in IoMT.


Author(s):  
Kevin Wallsten ◽  
Dilyana Toteva

The expansion of the Internet and the sudden popularity of Web 2.0 applications, such as blogs, YouTube, Twitter, and Facebook, raise important questions about the extent and consequences of homophilous sorting in online political discussions. In particular, there is growing concern that Internet users' ability to filter out alternative points of view will lead political discourse to become more polarized and fragmented along ideological lines. The decline of deliberative democracy and the breakdown of America's system of representative government, the story goes, will be the inevitable causalities of political discussions moving from in-person to online. Unfortunately, the empirical research in fields such as mass communication, political science, and sociology provides no hard and fast conclusions about the amount of online homophily in political discussions. This article details this conflicted body of research and points to some areas where future research may provide more insight into the intersection of online politics and homophilous sorting.


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