Insulin and IGF-1 receptors mutations can lead to targets for gene therapy in diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moataz Dowaidar
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Insulin Receptor ◽  
The Body ◽  
Considerable Progress ◽  
Basic Reason ◽  
Insulin Receptor Signaling ◽  
Development And Differentiation

Insulin and IGF-1 signaling are found in nearly every cell in the body and are important for metabolism, development, and differentiation. Despite considerable progress, understanding the basic reason for abnormal insulin receptor signaling in type 2 diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome remains a challenge. In the future decade, integrating several omics layers into a unique disease profile and translating these insights into novel and personalised therapies will be a big challenge.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Associated Risk Factors in Type 2 Diabetes: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Agyemang-Yeboah ◽  
Benjamin Ackon Jnr. Eghan ◽  
Max Efui Annani-Akollor ◽  
Eliezer Togbe ◽  
Sampson Donkor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background. Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a collection of cardiovascular risk factors comprising insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, obesity, and hypertension, which may cause further complications in diabetes. Although metabolic syndrome (MS) is increasing in incidence in diabetics and leading to significant cardiovascular diseases and mortality, there is dearth of data in Ghana. This study investigated metabolic syndrome, its prevalence, and its associated risk factors in type 2 diabetes at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana. Methods. The study involved 405 diabetic patients attending the Diabetic Clinic of the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH) Kumasi, in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. A well-structured questionnaire was used to obtain demographic background such as their age and gender. Anthropometric measurements were obtained using the Body Composition Monitor (Omron ® 500, Germany) which generated digital results on a screen and also by manual methods. Fasting venous blood was collected for the measurement of biochemical parameters comprising fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), and triglyceride (TG). Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III). Results. Out of the total of 405 participants, 81 were males and 324 were females, and the estimated mean age was 58.5 ± 9.9 years. The female patients exhibited higher mean waist circumference (WC) and mean hip circumference (HC) as well as an approximately higher body mass index than males (28.3 ± 5.1, 26.5 ± 4.2 for the female and male respectively). Overall, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome observed among the study population was 90.6%. Conclusions. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome observed among the study population was 90.6%, with a higher percentage in females than males. High triglyceride levels and high waist circumference were the main risk factors for MS in the diabetic population.

Effect of Capparis spinosa Extract on Metabolic Parameters in Patients with Type-2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamideh Vahid ◽  
Shokoufeh Bonakdaran ◽  
Zahra Mazloum Khorasani ◽  
Lida Jarahi ◽  
Hassan Rakhshandeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hypoglycemic Agents ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Glycemic Status ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Capparis Spinosa

Background: Experimental studies have reported beneficial effects of Capparis spinosa L., a perennial shrub from the Capparidaceae family, on the glycemic status and serum lipids in diabetic animals. Objective: The aim of the present randomized triple-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial was to investigate the safety and efficacy of C. spinosa oxymel on blood glucose, lipid profile, and other diagnostic indexes of metabolic syndrome in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes. Method: The C. spinosa oxymel was prepared by adding hydroalcoholic extract of C. spinosa fruit to simple oxymel (a mixture of grape vinegar and lactulose). Thirty diabetic patients with metabolic syndrome whose glycemic status was not controlled despite receiving full doses of oral hypoglycemic agents did not want to start insulin therapy and were randomly allocated to three groups to receive placebo, simple oxymel, or C. spinosa oxymel (10 mL/thrice daily for 3 months). All patients continued conventional therapy with hypolipidemic, antihyperlipidemic, and antihypertensive drugs during the study. Results: C. spinosa oxymel significantly decreased the body weight and body mass index at the end of the study compared to the baseline. While the patients in the placebo and simple oxymel groups displayed further increase in the level of FBG or PPBG, administration of C. spinosa oxymel inhibited the progression of hyperglycemia. Nevertheless, there was not a significant difference between placebo and intervention groups regarding HbA1c at the end of the study. C. spinosa oxymel had no significant effect on the serum cholesterol but inhibited the progression of hypertriglyceridemia during the study. There were no significant changes in creatinine, microalbuminuria, AST, ALT, and ALP values following C. spinosa treatment, suggesting that it had no unwanted effects on kidney and liver function. Conclusion: The results suggest that although C. spinosa oxymel cannot enhance the effects of hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic drugs, it can prevent further increase of blood glucose and triglycerides in patients with poorly controlled diabetes.

scholarly journals A novel insulin receptor-signaling platform and its link to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1355-1368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farah Alghamdi ◽  
Merry Guo ◽  
Samar Abdulkhalek ◽  
Nicola Crawford ◽  
Schammim Ray Amith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Receptor ◽  
Receptor Signaling ◽  
Insulin Receptor Signaling

scholarly journals Relations Between Diabetes, Kidney Disease and Metabolic Syndrome: Dangerous Liaisons

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-362
Author(s):  
Alin Albai ◽  
Mirela Frandeș ◽  
Ramona Luminița Sandu ◽  
Gabriel Spoială ◽  
Flavia Hristodorescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Metabolic Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Poor Metabolic Control ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

AbstractBackground and aims: Diabetes mellitus is the disease-challenge of our century, characterized by an increase in serum glycemia, which may lead to the occurrence of micro- and macro-vascular complications with serious consequences on both patient and public health. The Framingham risk score was obtained from a complex study and it estimates the individual risk of each patient to develop a cardiovascular event over the next 10 years depending on certain parameters (age, smoking, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, systolic blood pressure). Our study main aim was to evaluate the cross-associations between the components of the metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular risk, diabetes-related biological parameters and chronic kidney disease in patients hospitalized due to poor metabolic control.Material and methods: In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled 218 patients with type 2 diabetes, admitted in the Diabetes Clinic of the “Pius Brinzeu” Emergency Hospital Timisoara according to a consecutive-case population-based principle.Results: We observed that the quality of the glycemic control is impaired in patients with higher age; the body mass index was positively correlated with HbA1c and hypertension accompanies diabetes in more than half of the cases. Moreover, we observed that high levels of LDL cholesterol are significantly correlated with high levels of HbA1c.Conclusions: There was poor metabolic control in patients with associated complications such as hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular disease or chronic kidney diseases. Also, in most of the cases hypertension was associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Implementation of CRISPR_Cas 9 in Providing Present Day Solutions to Type 2 Diabetes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjana J
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Gene Therapy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
New Era ◽  
Work Related ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Life Threatening

Affecting approximately 95% of diabetic patients, Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is acommon chronic disease seen globally. Exhibited in 81% of patients diagnosed with Alzheimer’s, T2DM is further considered a potential pathway to the development of Alzheimer’s Dementia (AD). Recent studies suggest individuals affected by Alzheimer’s are in a “diabetic state,” due to their decrease of insensitivity to insulin deeming it a third type of diabetes. Although diabetics can control their condition through the use of insulin and inhibitors, those affected by T2DM are still at a high risk of eventually developing AD. As society advances, the gap between technology and medicine has been bridged to create more efficient devices to help combat medical challenges. Seen in the field of gene therapy, one such therapeutic approach has entered a new era, with the dawn of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats Protein 9 (CRISPR Cas_9). Though it was always available in nature, this procedure has been rediscovered to tame into a genome editing tool, allowing for the precise and prompt modification of DNA in a genome. This literature review examines studies conducted on CRISPR Cas_9 and its genetic role in the body while simultaneously exploring how it can effectively be applied to potentially provide present-day solutions to T2DM and accordingly AD. Preliminary work related to CRISPR Cas_9 experimentation in rodent studies with T2DM provided a therapeutic effect lasting four weeks longer than the usual daily dosage need of Sitaglibin, an anti-diabetic medication. Recognized globally, CRISPR Cas_9 is a revolutionary approach, providing physicians the opportunity to rewrite life-threatening illnesses with a simple insertion or deletion of a gene, and can be seen as a stepping stone in the evolution of medicine.

scholarly journals PTPRD silencing by DNA hypermethylation decreases insulin receptor signaling and leads to type 2 diabetes

Oncotarget ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (15) ◽  
pp. 12997-13005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yng-Tay Chen ◽  
Wei-De Lin ◽  
Wen-Lin Liao ◽  
Ying-Ju Lin ◽  
Jan-Gowth Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Receptor ◽  
Receptor Signaling ◽  
Dna Hypermethylation ◽  
Insulin Receptor Signaling

scholarly journals Drug discovery for type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome: ten novel biological targets

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Nikolaevich Tyurenkov ◽  
Denis Vladimirovich Kurkin ◽  
Elena Vladimirovna Volotova ◽  
Dmitriy Alexandrovich Bakulin ◽  
Elena Michailovna Lomkina
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycogen Phosphorylase ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biological Targets ◽  
Fructose 1,6 Bisphosphatase ◽  
New Compounds

In this review we discuss ten promising biological targets of interest for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity and metabolic syndrome. Namely, we address current experimental and clinical data on several new compounds that affect SGLT2, 11b-HSD1, PTP1B, SCD1, Il-1?. , fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, glycogen phosphorylase, SIRT1, DGAT-1 and GPR119. The body of data shows potential of these substances to become effective antidiabetic agents.

Serum Ferritin Status of Patients with Type 2 DM Attending OPD of BIRDEM General Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
Khadiza Begum ◽  
Fahmida Islam ◽  
Farjana Aktar ◽  
Murshida Aziz ◽  
Tohfa E Ayub Tahiya
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Acute Phase Reactant ◽  
The Body ◽  
Iron Stores ◽  
Normal Healthy Individual ◽  
Diabetes Patients

Background: In recent times much is talked about of serum ferritin, an acute phase reactant a marker of iron stores in the body and its association with diabetes mellitus. Studies implicate that increased body iron stores and subclinical hemochromatosis has been associated with the development of glucose intolerance, type 2 diabetes and its micro as well as macrovascular complications. Material & Methods: This study was carried out to examine and to observe for any relationship between serum ferritin with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Our study populations were included 163. Among them 81 type 2 diabetes patients as a case (M=49,F=32, mean 44.68 age in years)and 82 normal healthy individual as a control ( M=35, F=47 , mean 34.71 in years). Results: Majority were healthy outpatients who had come for regular checkup and were matched with controls. Serum ferritin and FBS were estimated and other investigations. Results showed that although Serum ferritin was in the normal range value it was increased in type 2 diabetes patients than in controls and was statistically significant, we did get a positive correlation with duration of diabetes. It can be concluded that there were positive associations between serum ferritin and FBG, age, sex among study groups. Conclusion: In conclusion our study shows that there is significant correlation between increased serum ferritin in diabetes compared to individuals with normal blood sugars in this part and hyper ferritinemia may be one of the causes for development of insulin resistance before overt diabetes. Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Journal Vol. 11, No. 1: Jan 2020, P 7-10

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