Effect of Capparis spinosa Extract on Metabolic Parameters in Patients with Type-2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamideh Vahid ◽  
Shokoufeh Bonakdaran ◽  
Zahra Mazloum Khorasani ◽  
Lida Jarahi ◽  
Hassan Rakhshandeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hypoglycemic Agents ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Glycemic Status ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Capparis Spinosa

Background: Experimental studies have reported beneficial effects of Capparis spinosa L., a perennial shrub from the Capparidaceae family, on the glycemic status and serum lipids in diabetic animals. Objective: The aim of the present randomized triple-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial was to investigate the safety and efficacy of C. spinosa oxymel on blood glucose, lipid profile, and other diagnostic indexes of metabolic syndrome in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes. Method: The C. spinosa oxymel was prepared by adding hydroalcoholic extract of C. spinosa fruit to simple oxymel (a mixture of grape vinegar and lactulose). Thirty diabetic patients with metabolic syndrome whose glycemic status was not controlled despite receiving full doses of oral hypoglycemic agents did not want to start insulin therapy and were randomly allocated to three groups to receive placebo, simple oxymel, or C. spinosa oxymel (10 mL/thrice daily for 3 months). All patients continued conventional therapy with hypolipidemic, antihyperlipidemic, and antihypertensive drugs during the study. Results: C. spinosa oxymel significantly decreased the body weight and body mass index at the end of the study compared to the baseline. While the patients in the placebo and simple oxymel groups displayed further increase in the level of FBG or PPBG, administration of C. spinosa oxymel inhibited the progression of hyperglycemia. Nevertheless, there was not a significant difference between placebo and intervention groups regarding HbA1c at the end of the study. C. spinosa oxymel had no significant effect on the serum cholesterol but inhibited the progression of hypertriglyceridemia during the study. There were no significant changes in creatinine, microalbuminuria, AST, ALT, and ALP values following C. spinosa treatment, suggesting that it had no unwanted effects on kidney and liver function. Conclusion: The results suggest that although C. spinosa oxymel cannot enhance the effects of hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic drugs, it can prevent further increase of blood glucose and triglycerides in patients with poorly controlled diabetes.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Associated Risk Factors in Type 2 Diabetes: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Agyemang-Yeboah ◽  
Benjamin Ackon Jnr. Eghan ◽  
Max Efui Annani-Akollor ◽  
Eliezer Togbe ◽  
Sampson Donkor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background. Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a collection of cardiovascular risk factors comprising insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, obesity, and hypertension, which may cause further complications in diabetes. Although metabolic syndrome (MS) is increasing in incidence in diabetics and leading to significant cardiovascular diseases and mortality, there is dearth of data in Ghana. This study investigated metabolic syndrome, its prevalence, and its associated risk factors in type 2 diabetes at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana. Methods. The study involved 405 diabetic patients attending the Diabetic Clinic of the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH) Kumasi, in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. A well-structured questionnaire was used to obtain demographic background such as their age and gender. Anthropometric measurements were obtained using the Body Composition Monitor (Omron ® 500, Germany) which generated digital results on a screen and also by manual methods. Fasting venous blood was collected for the measurement of biochemical parameters comprising fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), and triglyceride (TG). Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III). Results. Out of the total of 405 participants, 81 were males and 324 were females, and the estimated mean age was 58.5 ± 9.9 years. The female patients exhibited higher mean waist circumference (WC) and mean hip circumference (HC) as well as an approximately higher body mass index than males (28.3 ± 5.1, 26.5 ± 4.2 for the female and male respectively). Overall, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome observed among the study population was 90.6%. Conclusions. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome observed among the study population was 90.6%, with a higher percentage in females than males. High triglyceride levels and high waist circumference were the main risk factors for MS in the diabetic population.

scholarly journals Effects of physical activity on anthropometric variables and functional capacity of patients with type 2 diabetes

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Robson Bonoto Teixeira ◽  
Luciana Moreira Lima ◽  
Yuri Lucas Xavier ◽  
Carlos Gabriel de Lade ◽  
Gabriela Fernandes Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus affects current society, and is associated with overweight and obesity. Physical exercise has been showing favorable results in the anthropometric parameters and in the gain of joint flexibility and body mobility in these individuals. Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the interference of an exercise program in anthropometric measures, flexibility and body mobility in type 2 diabetics. Method: This is a longitudinal study, performed with 14 type 2 diabetic patients, with a mean age of 55± 9 years, both genders, separated in aerobic group (n=8) and resistance group (n=6). The body mass index, waist circumference, abdominal circumference, hip circumference, waist-hip ratio, fat percentage, limp-femoral flexibility and body mobility were assessed before and after a 10-week period of aerobic or resistance exercises with a weekly frequency of 3 days. Results: For the analysis of the results, it was applied the paired t test (pre x post exercise) and independent t test (aerobic group x resistance group) with significance level of 5%. No significant differences were found in the anthropometric variables in both groups after the 10-week period of supervised training. In relation to the body mobility test, we observed a significant difference in the total sample (p=0.02), in the aerobic group (p=0.02) and in the resistance group (p=0.04). The coxofemoral flexibility test showed significant improvement (p=0.02) in the total sample and clinical improvement in aerobic (p=0.12) and resistance (p=0.09) groups. Conclusion: Both aerobic and resistance training provided positive effects in the coxofemoral flexibility and body mobility tests. In contrast, there was no significant improvement in anthropometric variables after 10 weeks of physical exercise.

scholarly journals The Usage of Type 2 Diabetes Medication for Outpatients at the Ministry of Public Security Traditional Medicine Hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thanh Hai ◽  
Ha My Ngoc ◽  
Doan Thuy Ngan ◽  
Nguyen Xuan Bach
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Public Security ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Diabetes Medication ◽  
Significant Difference

This study aimes to analyse the usage of type 2 diabetes medication for outpatients at the Ministry of Public Security Traditional Medicine Hospital and to rate their adherence to the treatment. In this study, Type 2 diabetic patients were treated as outpatients and managed for at least 12 months at the clinic of the hospital. The results show that after 12 months of treatment, the average fasting blood glucose value decreased from 7.6 ± 1.76 mmol/l to 7.42 ± 1.81 mmol/l and the percentage of the patients either with blood glucose changes or reached the FPG target, increased from 38.3% to 70.0%, a statistically significant difference with p <0.05. After 6 months of treatment from the time of T-6 to T0, HbA1c index decreased by 7.1 ± 1.0 to 6.4 ± 0.9% and the percentage of the patients either with HbA1C value changes or achieved the target, increased from 50.0% to 75.0%. The percentage of the patients who had good compliance was 60.8%. With an additional drug in the regimen, the adherence reduced by 29% (OR = 0.71; 95% CI 0.56 - 0.89; p = 0.002). The adherence of the 1-year-older patients decreased by 9% (OR = 0.91; 95% CI 0.84 - 0.97; p = 0.03). The study concludes that most of the patients received stable treatment; the regimens promoted maximum therapeutic effect. The two factors affecting the level of compliance of the patients with the drug were the age and the number of diabetes medicines used in the application. Keywords Type 2 diabetes, adherence to treatment, outpatients. References [1] Association. American Diabetes, Standards of medical care in diabetes - 2018, https://diabetesed.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/2018-ADA-Standards-of-Care.pdf, 2018 (accessed 25 May 2019).[2] A. Jafarian-Amirkhizi, A. Sarayani, K. Gholami, M. Taghizadeh-Ghehi, K. Heidari, A. Jafarzadeh-Kohneloo, D.E.Morisky, Adherence to medications, self-care activity, and HbA1c status among patients with type 2 diabetes living in an urban area of Iran, J Diabetes Metab Disord. 17(2) (2018) 165-172. https://doi: 10.1007/s40200-018-0356-4.[3] D.E. Morisky, M.R. Di Matteo, Improving the measurement of self-reported medication nonadherence: Response to Authors, J Clin Epidemiol. 64(3) (2011) 255-257; discussion 258-63. https:// doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.09.002.[4] Y. Tominaga, T. Aomori, T. Hayakawa, D.E. Morisky, K. Takahashi, M. Mochizuki, Relationship between medication adherence and glycemic control in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. Pharmazie. 73(10) (2018) 609-612. https://doi: 10.1691/ph.2018.8587. [5] M.C. Govern Andrew, T. Zayd, Systematic review of adherence rates by medication class in type 2 diabetes: a study protocol, BMJ Open, 6(2) (2016) e010469. https://doi: https://doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010469.[6] M. Tiktin, S. Celik, Understanding adherence to medications in type 2 diabetes care and clinical trials to overcome barriers: a narrative review, Curr Med Res Opin. 32(2) (2016) 277-287. https:// doi: https:// doi: 10.1185/03007995.2015.1119677.      

scholarly journals A Comparison Between the Effect of Three Types of Low-Calorie Diets on Controlling Blood Glucose and Lipids in People with Type 2 Diabetes

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Zoleika Moazezi ◽  
Seyed Reza Hosseini ◽  
Parvin Sajadi Kaboudi ◽  
Bahareh Esbakian ◽  
Sahar Rahmani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Low Calorie ◽  
Significant Difference

The blood glucose level of people with diabetes can be normalized through an appropriate diet, physical activity, the use of chemical drugs and medicinal plants. This study aims to investigate the effects of low-calorie diets (1200, 1500, and 1800 kcal) on glucose and serum lipids in poorly controlled type 2 diabetic patients. This clinical trial was conducted among 60 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The criteria for entering the study were fasting blood glucose higher than 130 mg/dl, hemoglobin A1C higher than 7% and BMI higher than 25. Blood glucose, fasting blood glucose and lipid levels were measured before and after intervention two hours after each meal. Patients were trained by an expert. Then, the questionnaires were completed and analyzed. In this study, the mean fasting blood glucose level in patients who used 1500 and 1200 kcal diet decreased significantly after intervention (p&lt;0.05). Glucose decreased significantly after two hours using a 1500  kcal diet (p&lt;0.009). In addition, triglyceride and cholesterol levels were significantly reduced in patients who used the 1500 kcal diet (p&lt;0.05). Although, there was no significant difference in blood glucose levels between 1200, 1500 and 1800 kcal diets based on gender, residencency and BMI. Regarding the fact that there was no significant difference in reducing blood glucose and serum lipids between 1200 and 1500 kcal diets. It is recommended to use a 1500 kcal diet instead of 1200 kcal diet, which imposes fewer limitations and is easier to tolerate.

scholarly journals Glycemic Status of Type 2 Diabetic Patients Treated with Different Single Anti-diabetic Agents

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-97
Author(s):  
Sultana Marufa Shefin ◽  
Nazmul Kabir Qureshi ◽  
Sazzad Hossain Khandker ◽  
Faria Afsana ◽  
Omar Faruque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Control ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Glycemic Status ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Glucose Profiles ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Objective: The study was aimed to describe the patterns of single anti-diabetic agents used by type 2 diabetic patients and their glycemic status during hospital admission.Study design and methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in BIRDEM among hospitalized type 2 adult diabetic patients of different ages and both sexes. Data were collected during admission that included detailed history, medical records review, clinical examination and laboratory investigations.Results: Subjects (n=253; 174 female, 79 male) had age (years) as mean ± SD: 55.28 ±13.45 (15- 90 years), BMI (kg/m2) as mean ±SD: 24.67±4.97 and HbA1c (%) as mean ±SD: 10.56±2.98. Use of pre-mixed insulin 90 (35.57%) and split-mixed insulin 70 (27.66%) were more common than other drugs. Glycaemic control was poor in all age groups as evidenced by raised HbA1c, significantly higher in patients <40 years age group. Blood glucose profiles were also high among the all age groups. HbA1c and blood glucose profiles both were high irrespective of type of anti-diabetic agents used during admission. It was also found that patients with increasing age groups were using insulin more frequently. BMI categorization had no significance within treatment groups. (p=0.453).Conclusion: There was no significant difference in blood glucose control among the different single anti-diabetic drug users, that might be due to treatment of diabetes includes medical nutrition therapy with judicious and individualized dietary plan, lifestyle modification, effective exercise plan, and individualized target oriented use of anti-diabetic agents. Along with proper selection of anti-diabetic agents, patient’s self-management education and disease-specific awareness is essential to achieve good glycemic control.Birdem Med J 2015; 5(2): 92-97

HYPOGLYCEMIC EFFECT OF INDOBUFEN,AN ANTIAGGREGATING AGENT,IN ELDERLY DIABETIC PATIENTS

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Barzizza ◽  
G Belloni ◽  
E Trespi ◽  
A Venturini ◽  
I Richichi
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Hypoglycemic Effect ◽  
Hypoglycemic Agents ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease

Inibition of platelet aggregation is of value in therapy for Transient Ischemic Attacks(TIA).We observed 2 consecutive elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM)and TIA,in whom chronic treatment with Indobufen(I) provoked a reduction of blood glucose levels; for this reason we started a cross-over study to assess the possible hypoglycemic effect of I in elderly patients with DM.Ten patients(5 males,mean age 75±5 years)with DM and TIA have been included in our study. After 1 month of diet treatment(1)all patients took either placebo tablets 2)or I 200mg every 12 hours for 4 weeks in a random cross-over fashion.After each period a daily blood glucose profile has been obteined. Results are the following:Indobufen in the dose of 200 mg every 12 hours has an hypoglycemic effect. This side effect can be dangerous in patients already treated with hypoglycemic agents, but can be usefull as a single drug therapy for aged patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and atherosclerotic vascular disease.

scholarly journals MYELOPEROXIDASE AND GLUTAMATE-CYSTEINE LIGASE POLYMORPHISMS IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS: A PRELIMINARY STUDY / POLIMORFIZMI MIJELOPEROKSIDAZE I GLUTAMAT-CISTEIN LIGAZE U DIABETES MELLITUSU TIPA 2: PRELIMINARNA STUDIJA

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunus Emre Eksi ◽  
Zeynep Ermig Karaali ◽  
Kutiuhan Incekara ◽  
H. Arzu Ergen
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
The Body ◽  
Catalytic Subunit ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Glutamate Cysteine Ligase ◽  
Significant Difference

Summary Background: Oxidative stress can accompany the physio- pathology of diabetes mellitus. Myelopercecidase and gluta- mate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit are two important sub- stances which are connected with the maintaining of the redox balance in the body. In this study, the association be- tween diabetes, lipid levels, myeloperoxidase -463G/A, and the glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit -3506A/G gene polymorphisms have been investigated. Methods: Frequencies of genotypes and alleles have been assessed using PCR-RFLP techniques in 90 type 2 diabetic patients and 70 healthy controls. Results: We found an association between myeloperoxidase -463 G/A genotype distributions (p=0.023) and allele distri- butions (p=0.009) in the study groups. In addition, there is a significant difference for each of the genotype (p=0.014) and allele (p=0.007) distributions for the glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit -3506A/G polymorphism. Conclusions: Our study reveals the first data about the myeloperoxidase -463G/A and glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit -3506A/G gene polymorphisms for type 2 diabetes and we believe that this work will play a pioneering role for further studies.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF SGLT-2 INHIBITOR ON BONE TURNOVER IN OVERWEIGHT AND OBESE PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
WEN-TAO LV ◽  
QIU-MEI ZHANG ◽  
XIANG-WEN MENG
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Bone Turnover ◽  
Hypoglycemic Agents ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Experimental Group

To investigate the effect of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT-2I) on bone turnover markers in overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: according to the criteria of selection and exclusion, 42 patients with overweight and obese type 2 diabetes (BMI≥25kg/m2) were selected from October 2019 to May 2020. The patients were randomly divided into experimental group and control group, there were 18 cases in the experimental group and 24 cases in the control group. The experimental group was treated with SGLT-2I, and other oral hypoglycemic agents (or insulin) were added according to the blood glucose situation. The control group received oral hypoglycemic agents (non-SGLT-2I) and/or insulin and/or glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA). Every 28 days of follow-up, medication regimen was adjusted according to blood glucose and adverse reactions of patients. Fasting venous serum of the patients was collected at the beginning and again 24 weeks later and the levels of PINP and β-CTX were detected uniformly. SPSS 21.0 was used to compare the changes of clinical indexes before and after the treatment. Results: 1. In the experimental group, PINP, HbA1c, FPG and BMI decreased (p<0.05). 2. In the control group, HbA1c, FPG and PINP decreased (p<0.05). 3. Comparison between groups after 24 weeks of treatment: there was significant difference in BMI (p<0.05).

scholarly journals The Impact of Metabolic Syndrome Defined by IDF or Revised NCEP on Glycemic control in Malaysians with Type 2 Diabetes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riyadh Saif-Ali ◽  
Nor Azmi Kamaruddin ◽  
Molham AL-Habori ◽  
Sami A Al-Dubai ◽  
Wan Zurinah Wan Ngah
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Type 2 Dm

Abstract BackgroundChronic complication of Type 2 diabetes mellitus such as macrovascular disease is amplified with the increase in the number of the metabolic syndrome (MeS) risk factors. Specific criteria for diagnosis of metabolic syndrome are essential to help in glycemic control and reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients with metabolic syndrome.Methods The study involved 485 Type 2 DM patients who are receiving treatment at the University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center (UKMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Metabolic syndrome among the Type 2 DM patients was diagnosed based on IDF and NCEP-R criteria. The C-peptide and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were determined by an automated quantitative immunoassay analyzer and high-performance liquid chromatography respectively. The metabolic syndrome factors, glucose, triglyceride and HDL cholesterol were measured by spectrophotometerResultsApplication of IDF and NCEP-R criteria respectively resulted in 73% and 85% of Type 2 DM subjects being diagnosed with metabolic syndrome. The concordance of these criteria in diagnosing metabolic syndrome among Type 2 DM was low (kappa=0.33, P<0.001). Both IDF and NCEP-R criteria indicated that Type 2 DM with five criteria of metabolic syndrome had higher insulin resistance (P=2.1×10-13, P=1.4×10-11), C-peptide (P=1.21×10-13; 4.1×10-11), blood glucose (P=0.01; 0.021) and HbA1c (P=0.039; 0.018) than those Type 2 DM without metabolic syndrome respectively.ConclusionHowever, there is a low concordance between IDF and NCEP-R criteria in the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome among Type 2 DM, both criteria showed that type 2 DM with five criteria of metabolic syndrome had higher insulin resistance, blood glucose and HbA1c.

scholarly journals Relationship of Metabolic Syndrome Defined by IDF or Revised NCEP with Glycemic Control among Malaysians with Type 2 Diabetes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riyadh Saif-Ali ◽  
Nor Azmi Kamaruddin ◽  
Molham AL-Habori ◽  
Sami A Al-Dubai ◽  
Wan Zurinah Wan Ngah
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality

Abstract Background Chronic complication of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) such as macrovascular disease is amplified with the increase in the number of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk factors. Specific criteria for diagnosis of MetS are essential to help in glycemic control and reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients with metabolic syndrome.Methods The study is cross-sectional observational study which involved 485 T2D patients who are receiving treatment at the University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center (UKMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Metabolic syndrome among the T2D patients was diagnosed based on IDF and NCEP-R criteria. C-peptide and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were determined by an automated quantitative immunoassay analyzer and high-performance liquid chromatography, respectively. The metabolic syndrome factors, glucose, triglyceride and HDL cholesterol were measured by spectrophotometer Results Application of IDF and NCEP-R criteria respectively resulted in 73% and 85% of T2D subjects being diagnosed with MetS. The concordance of these criteria in diagnosing MetS among T2D was low (κ =0.33, P<0.001). Both IDF and NCEP-R criteria indicated that T2D with five criteria of MetS had higher insulin resistance (P=2.1×10-13, P=1.4×10-11), C-peptide (P=1.21×10-13; 4.1×10-11), blood glucose (P=0.01; 0.021) and HbA1c (P=0.039; 0.018) than those T2D without MetS respectively. Conclusion Although, there is a low concordance between IDF and NCEP-R criteria in the diagnosis of MetS among T2D, both criteria showed that T2D with five criteria of MetS had higher insulin resistance, blood glucose and HbA1c.

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