scholarly journals COMING TOGETHER BUT STAYING APART: CONTINUITY AND CHANGE IN THE AUSTRIAN AND SWISS VARIETIES OF CAPITALISM

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Afonso ◽  
André Mach
Keyword(s):  
Varieties Of Capitalism ◽  
Private Governance ◽  
Private Regulation ◽  
Public Intervention ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
Private Employer ◽  
The Face ◽  
Veto Points ◽  
Welfare Reforms ◽  
Limited Change

This chapter assesses institutional continuity and change in the varieties of capitalism in Austria and Switzerland. In the face of growing internationalisation, budgetary constraints and European integration, continuity and change have been determined by prevailing interest configurations and institutional limits in terms of public intervention and private governance. Hence, private employer dominance in Switzerland has fostered ra- pid change in areas where private regulation prevailed, such as corporate gover- nance, whereas institutional veto points have strongly limited change in areas where public intervention was necessary. By contrast, the larger scope of public intervention in Austria and its more majoritarian features have allowed more space for change in welfare reforms while the strong institutionalisation of corporatist institutions in labour market governance, for instance, has made it more resilient to change than Switzerland. In this respect, Austria and Switzerland provide good examples of how institutional change is dependent on the respective share of public regulation and private governance.

scholarly journals A Constitutional Framework for Private Governance

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Engel
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Private Governance ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Methodological Rigor ◽  
The Social ◽  
Simple Question ◽  
The Face ◽  
Good For ◽  
The Law ◽  
Interdisciplinary Exchange

Lawyers are the engineers of the social sciences, and their doctors. Neither is good for reputation in interdisciplinary exchange. Social scientists often show contempt for a discipline that seems too close to reality to meet hard methodological standards, and too much concerned by pathologies that are beyond the reach of their methodological tools. As with many prejudices, there is a grain of truth in this one. But not all law is about making decisions and judgements in the face of a reality that is at best partly understood. The legal discipline has its own methodological standards. For the sake of internal clarity, it aims at parsimony. But modelling is not the legal path to methodological rigor. The legal equivalent boils down to one simple question: who asks whom for what? The law splits abstract problems into a series of cases. It reaches parsimony via the selection and sequence of cases. These hypothetical cases are like histological cuts through the social tissue. The legal discipline starts cutting at cases for which existing legal tools seem particularly wellsuited. If these cases are understood, the legal discipline then starts again with the more demanding ones. It is hoped that the sequence of cases leads to an understanding of situations that seemed inaccessible at the outset.

Varieties of Capitalism in an Internationalized World

2004 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 751-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Thatcher
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Change ◽  
Economic Globalization ◽  
Varieties Of Capitalism ◽  
Market Institutions ◽  
European Regulation ◽  
The Face ◽  
Economic Developments ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Cross National

This article examines how internationalization affects domestic decisions about the reform of market institutions. A developing literature argues that nations maintain different “varieties of capitalism” in the face of economic globalization because of diverse domestic settings. However, in an internationalized world, powerful forces for change applying across border scan affect decision making within domestic arenas. The article therefore analyzes how three factors (transnational technological and economic developments, overseas reforms, and European regulation) affected institutional reform in a selected case study of telecommunications regulation in Britain, France, Germany, and Italy between the 1960s and 2002. The author argues that when different forms of internationalization are strong and combined, they can overwhelm institutional inertia and the effects of different national settings to result in rapid change and cross-national convergence in market institutions. Hence different varieties of capitalism may endure only when international pressures are low and/or for limited periods of time.

scholarly journals There are Two Sides to Every COIN

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Ruzza
Keyword(s):  
Turning Point ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
National Union ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
The Face ◽  
Peripheral Areas ◽  
The Government ◽  
Current Transition ◽  
Two Sides

The capacity of Myanmar’s government to effectively rule and administer peripheral areas of the country has been challenged since independence by a vast array of non-state armed groups (NSAGs), and the country is home to the most long-lasting insurgencies still active today. The core interest of this article rests on analysing the degree of continuity and change in the strategy enacted by Myanmar’s government in order to counter, contain and re-absorb insurgencies in the wake of the recent liberalisation process. The government activity vis-à-vis insurgencies is assessed in two core dimensions: economic and military. The analysis is developed in diachronic perspective, spanning three key phases. The first, meant to provide the essential historical background and benchmark, is the post-1989 period, characterised by the implementation of the ceasefires. The other two focus on the current transition, splitting it into two (2008–2011 and 2011–2015), taking Thein Sein’s new peace plan as a turning point. Moving through these three phases the paper assesses how Myanmar’s government achieves a balance between military pressure and economic incentives in the face of three major insurgencies: in Shan state, versus various NSAGs; against the Kachin Independence Organisation (KIO); and against the Karen National Union (KNU).

scholarly journals Continuity and Change: A Socio-Cultural Study of select Tamil Short Stories Translated in English

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
S. Raja ◽  
Dr. V. Peruvalluthi
Keyword(s):  
Political Process ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Cultural Continuity ◽  
Joint Family ◽  
Physician Visits ◽  
Religious Ritual ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Face ◽  
Urban People

Any society and every society is a continuation of the past, but a range of continuity is maintained even in the midst of change coming into the same society from time to time. This is how the identity of a society is maintained over a period of time. Even otherwise some continuity is essential because human nature is immutable. The notions of ascribed status, hierarchy, ritual purity and impurity have been the basic ingredients of Tamil social structure. These have been attacked from time to time by social and religious reform movements, secularization process and host of others. But the system seems to have a remarkable resilience. It yields some ground but returns again. For instance, when caste is sought to be dislodged from the religious (ritual) domain, it enters into the political process and caste consciousness comes back with a vengeance through urbanization. In the face of scientific temper, religiosity and ritualism also increased and a substantial segment of the modern educated class shows latent and sometime overt acceptance of the religious phenomenon sometimes steeped in irrationality and superstition. The joint family norms instead of fading away in the face of urbanization and industrialization may still be retained by adapting to the process of democratization and acceptance of dissent. The joint family today is more democratic and the traditional autocratic authority head of the joint family has become a thing of the past. All these examples point to the past.      Another dimension of continuity in Tamil society may be explained through the continuity of Traditions. Even among the modern, educated urban people, during sickness in the family, a modern physician visits the patient in the morning. Tamilnadu’s village is the puja for the tractor bought by a farmer, invoking the blessings of the local deity, performing aarti and applying pottu to the tractor, a product of modern technology. Not only the continuity between the Traditions and also in everything, even two different Traditions may go together or get fused into one another. Praying in a temple in nor unusual or mutually contradictory. It does not dilute their beliefs. It tells us that there is something inherent in Tamil tradition which facilitates the cultural continuity. “Kameshwara iyer had offered a lot of dowry and gifts at the wedding. Rukmani’s in-laws were very satisfied. After the marriage, her mother in law would often take Rukmani away to her house” (“Peepul by the Tank” P.7 ) In the story of peepul by the tank by va ve su iyer portrayed marriage ceremony and dowry system. Still it is exist in our society.  

Continuity and Change, Predictability and Change, in the Politics of Presidential Selection

1983 ◽  
Vol 16 (04) ◽  
pp. 648-655
Author(s):  
Byron E. Shafer
Keyword(s):  
Interest Groups ◽  
Analytic Framework ◽  
Public Issues ◽  
Presidential Selection ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
Contemporary Politics ◽  
The Face ◽  
Specific Outcome ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Organized Interest

Political scientists are charged with explaining the recurrent elements in the politics of presidential selection. Journalists are charged with explaining the elements of the moment. The best political scientists are nevertheless able to apply their larger analytic framework to the specific developments of the day. Just as the best journalists are able to frame those developments in some larger theoretical context. Political history, however, has been notably unkind to political scientists and journalists alike, when it comes to predicting the specific outcome of contests over presidential nominations—and elections. Inevitably, then, the year 1984 appears as the next challenge to scholarly, and journalistic, interpretation.The principal sources of change in the contemporary politics of presidential selection, those categories of events which are the meat of working journalists, are themselves comparatively stable and would thus seem ideally suited to the investigations of working political scientists as well. These include the institutional framework for the nomination and then the election. They include the field of contenders which begins the chase for a nomination, and narrows in the conflict over final election. They include major public issues, both those which surface with some regularity and those which really are specific to one presidential year. And they include the organized interest groups, recognized constituencies, and rank-and-file individuals who participate at varying levels and in varying mixes from campaign to campaign. In the face of these regularized elements of change, of course, the strategies and tactics of elite contenders and mass participants also reliably shift. For 1984, every one of these categories shows some further evolution, or at least some new, noteworthy twist.

scholarly journals Continuity and change: the voices of Scottish librarians

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Public Libraries ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Public Library ◽  
Library Services ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
The People ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Foundational Belief

This article reflects on the evolution of public libraries in Scotland and, in particular, the impact and consequences of austerity measures on Andrew Carnegie's foundational belief that public libraries are for the ‘good of the people’. It does this first by situating Scottish libraries in their historical context and examining MacDougall's (2017) rich accounts of those working in the sector from the 1930s to late 1990s. This was demonstrably a period of profound social change, and one which offered the sector multiple opportunities. Library services were able to evolve and expand, both as a profession, and in their position as a core public service in local communities. The second part of the article turns to data collected as part of ongoing research funded by the Leverhulme Trust on the value of the modern public library. The accounts presented are from those currently working with, and for, public libraries. Continuity is observed in the fundamental principles that library staff aspire to uphold. The critical change is in their ability to deliver these principles in the face of ever-increasing austerity cuts, experienced as a continual ‘chipping’ away of services. This, combined with growing demands for welfare services from communities increasingly burdened by poverty, means the library service is more important than ever before – yet in a greater position of precariousness.

scholarly journals Private Regulierung der Weltwirtschaft

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (142) ◽  
pp. 127-143
Author(s):  
Ingo Malcher
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Private Governance ◽  
Private Regulation ◽  
Rating Agencies ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
The International Monetary Fund

Alongside with the liberalization of financial markets organizations of private regulation have become more important since the nineties. Private institutions such as Rating Agencies or financial market instruments as the Emerging Market Bond Index (EMBI+) are part of the private governance structure and have a strong impact on countries’ economic, financial and social policy and in some cases have become more important than has the International Monetary Fund (IMF) or the World Bank. Especially for the new leftwing governments of Latin America, which have emerged around the millenium change, these mechanisms and instruments of private regulation are of strong importance as they are still backing neoliberal hegemony although there is a crisis of the neoliberal consensus within the continent. These instruments should therefore be seen as enforcement measures of the neoliberal hegemony because they make sure that Latin American countries are employing market friendly policies.

scholarly journals TRANSNATIONAL ARENAS, PUBLIC POLICIES AND THE ENVIRONMENT: THE CASE OF PALM IN THE AMAZON

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOÃO PAULO CÂNDIA VEIGA ◽  
◽  
PIETRO CARLOS RODRIGUES ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Private Governance ◽  
Private Regulation ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Social Standards ◽  
State Actors

Abstract This paper discusses the emergence of non-state actors involved in developing rules on environmental and social standards in transnational arenas that are outside the control of governments and International Organizations. This work is the result of a field research conducted between January and March 2012 in the main palm producing region of Brazil, located in the state of Pará, encompassing the municipalities of Moju, Tailândia and Acará. It comprises a case study of a palm oil producing company based in the Amazon region. The synergy of this company with governmental policy has projected Brazil's soft power, not through foreign policy and diplomacy but by influencing transnational private regulation with the use of labels and certification schemes recognized by stakeholders engaged in the palm oil global chain. The authors use the academic literature on regulation and private governance to highlight the rise of non-state actors as rule-makers in contemporary international relations.

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