scholarly journals The Total War Strategy: Challenges in Facing Traitor of the Nation: A Historical Approach During the Indonesian War of Independence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Endro Nurbantoro ◽  
Helda Risman ◽  
Lukman Yudho Prakoso
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
War Of Independence ◽  
Total War ◽  
The People ◽  
Formidable Challenge ◽  
War For Independence ◽  
State Defense

The Indonesian state implements a total defense system, meaning that it involves all the people and all national resources, national facilities and infrastructure, as well as the entire territory of the country as one defense unit. This system demands awareness of the rights and obligations of every citizen to defend the state as a manifestation of its totality. Efforts to raise awareness of defending the state for every citizen are a formidable challenge, recorded in Indonesian history as inseparable from attempts to betray the nation's struggle. Based on this phenomenon, the writer is moved to reveal several historical events during the war for independence in 1945-1949 which recorded the existence of certain people and groups who became traitors to the nation. The discussion in this article uses a qualitative research method using a historical approach, in which the preparation procedure goes through four stages, namely: heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The data analysis used is historical analysis, with an emphasis on sharpness in interpreting historical facts. From the analysis conducted, it can be proven that during the war for independence in 1945-1949, the implementation of the total war strategy, which should have received the support of all the people, actually faced quite a tough challenge. This challenge was caused by the existence of certain people and groups who defected to side with the Netherlands, either by joining forces formed by the Netherlands or as spies for the Netherlands. Of course, this is very contrary to the values of state defense that must be possessed by every citizen.

scholarly journals The Total War Strategy: Challenges in Facing Traitor of the Nation: A Historical Approach During the Indonesian War of Independence

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Endro Nurbantoro ◽  
◽  
Helda Risman ◽  
Lukman Yudho Prakoso
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
War Of Independence ◽  
Total War ◽  
The People ◽  
Formidable Challenge ◽  
War For Independence ◽  
State Defense

The Indonesian state implements a total defense system, meaning that it involves all the people and all national resources, national facilities and infrastructure, as well as the entire territory of the country as one defense unit. This system demands awareness of the rights and obligations of every citizen to defend the state as a manifestation of its totality. Efforts to raise awareness of defending the state for every citizen are a formidable challenge, recorded in Indonesian history as inseparable from attempts to betray the nation's struggle. Based on this phenomenon, the writer is moved to reveal several historical events during the war for independence in 1945-1949 which recorded the existence of certain people and groups who became traitors to the nation. The discussion in this article uses a qualitative research method using a historical approach, in which the preparation procedure goes through four stages, namely: heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The data analysis used is historical analysis, with an emphasis on sharpness in interpreting historical facts. From the analysis conducted, it can be proven that during the war for independence in 1945-1949, the implementation of the total war strategy, which should have received the support of all the people, actually faced quite a tough challenge. This challenge was caused by the existence of certain people and groups who defected to side with the Netherlands, either by joining forces formed by the Netherlands or as spies for the Netherlands. Of course, this is very contrary to the values of state defense that must be possessed by every citizen.

KEPEMIMPINAN NON MUSLIM DALAM TAFSIR AL-MISBAH KARYA M. QURAISH SHIHAB

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-115
Author(s):  
Munawir Munawir
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
State Constitution ◽  
The People ◽  
Political Relations ◽  
Inferential Method ◽  
Problematic Issue ◽  
Core Issue

Non-Muslim leadership becomes a problematic issue in the context of inter-religious relations in Indonesia, especially for Muslims in conducting religious-social-political relations with non- Muslims. The problematic position of this non-Muslim leadership issue is the state constitution allows but the religious constitution (based on the textuality of the Qur'an) forbids. How does M. Quraish Shihab respond as well as answer the problematic of the people in the case? It is this core issue that will be tested by the answer through this research. Using the descriptive-inferential method and the philosophical-historical approach (philosophical and historical approach), the conclusion that M. Quraish Shihab in interpreting the verses (ban) of non-Muslim leadership (Surat al-Maidah: 51, QS Ali 'Imran: 28, and QS al-Mumtahanah: 1) is contextual, or in other words, the verses are understood to be sociological and not theological. Therefore he allows non-Muslim leadership as long as the non-Muslims are not of a hostile group of Islam, even he does not allow the leadership of a Muslim if a Muslim is actually injurious Islam and harms the interests of Muslims.

Reflections from the Margins: Complexities, Transitions and Developmental Challenges - The Case of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
The People ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Leadership Accountability ◽  
Multiple Challenges ◽  
Colonial Oppression

Since the dawn of colonialism in Southern Africa, the province of the Eastern Cape emerged as the cradle of African resistance against colonial oppression. A closer look at the province reveals opportunities for progress and ultimate resurgence of economic and social development, yet conflated by a myriad of challenges. This book brings together different perspectives and realities of the post-apartheid Eastern Cape to provide an in-depth exploration of the developmental dilemmas that the province faces. This book provides insightful reflections on development and its sustainability some 25 years since democracy, and specifically focuses on sociological and demographic realities in the areas of migration and its impact on families. The book further grapples with the role of the state in developing culture and heritage in the province, pointing to fundamental and multiple challenges of deprivation, unemployment and subsequent community resilience in a variety of sectors including health and education. While it provides a historical analysis of contextual issues facing the province, the book also highlights the agency of the people of the Eastern Cape in confronting challenges in leadership, accountability, citizen participation and service provision. The book will be useful for development scholars and practitioners who are interested in understanding the state of the province, and similar settings, and the degree to which it has emerged from the shadows of its colonial and apartheid legacies.

Study Information and Literative Culture in Pressing Hoax As A Form Of State Defense (Pancasila Actualization) in The Era Of Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-338
Author(s):  
Yohanes Firmansyah ◽  
Slamet Tri Wahyudi
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
The State ◽  
The People ◽  
Social Disaster ◽  
State Defense ◽  
Analytical Approaches

For all countries and communities, including Indonesia, globalization is both a threat and an opportunity. Globalization is like a double-edged sword, and the very rapid development of information and communication technology is one of the greatest elements of globalization. Pancasila is a legacy of ancestral noble values extracted from the cultural values of the people of Indonesia. Cultural axiology and the principles of Pancasila are the noble values of Pancasila that can be used as a reference in the life of the nation and state. During the Covid-19 Pandemic, the application of Pancasila as the actualization of State defense was very important, particularly with regard to the culture of literacy in order to suppress hoaxes. This study is a literature review that examines the Covid-19 pandemic as a social disaster, the attitude of defending the State, the actualization of Pancasila, the two sides of State security, and the attitude of defending the State during the Covid-19 pandemic. This work is based on a literature review. The literature search took place from January 1, 2021, to January 7, 2021. This study involves qualitative research, in which three types of approaches, namely: legal, conceptual, and analytical approaches, will examine in part all the materials and literature collected during the research period. The findings of this study show that covid-19 is a social disaster that attacks all aspects of human life, and one way for society to overcome the pandemic of Covid-19 is to defend the state and update the values of Pancasila in social life. In addition, one of the cultures that can be used to ward off non-military threats is Pancasila and the attitude of defending the state.

scholarly journals Farewell to Professor David Yaffe – A Pillar of the Myogenesis Field

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zipora Yablonka-Reuveni ◽  
Frank Stockdale ◽  
Uri Nudel ◽  
David Israeli ◽  
Helen M. Blau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
The State ◽  
Negev Desert ◽  
Weizmann Institute ◽  
International Scientific Community ◽  
War Of Independence ◽  
Family Science ◽  
The People ◽  
State Of Israel ◽  
Kibbutz Member

It is with great sadness that we have learned about the passing of Professor David Yaffe (1929-2020, Israel). Yehi Zichro Baruch - May his memory be a blessing. David was a man of family, science and nature. A native of Israel, David grew up in the historic years that preceded the birth of the State of Israel. He was a member of the group that established Kibbutz Revivim in the Negev desert, and in 1948 participated in Israel’s War of Independence. David and Ruth eventually joined Kibbutz Givat Brenner by Rehovot, permitting David to be both a kibbutz member and a life-long researcher at the Weizmann Institute of Science, where David received his PhD in 1959. David returned to the Institute after his postdoc at Stanford. Here, after several years of researching a number of tissues as models for studying the process of differentiation, David entered the myogenesis field and stayed with it to his last day. With his dedication to the field of myogenesis and his commitment to furthering the understanding of the People and the Land of Israel throughout the international scientific community, David organized the first ever myogenesis meeting that took place in Shoresh, Israel in 1975. This was followed by the 1980 myogenesis meeting at the same place and many more outstanding meetings, all of which brought together myogenesis, nature and scenery. Herein, through the preparation and publication of this current manuscript, we are meeting once again at a “David Yaffe myogenesis meeting". Some of us have been members of the Yaffe lab, some of us have known David as his national and international colleagues in the myology field. One of our contributors has also known (and communicates here) about David Yaffe’s earlier years as a kibbutznick in the Negev. Our collective reflections are a tribute to Professor David Yaffe. We are fortunate that the European Journal of Translational Myology has provided us with tremendous input and a platform for holding this 2020 distance meeting "Farwell to Professor David Yaffe - A Pillar of the Myogenesis Field".

scholarly journals DISCOURSES ON THE CONCEPT OF THE MONUMENT “UNITED FOR LATVIA” IN LATGALIAN PRESS (THE 1920S AND 1930S)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 588-598
Author(s):  
Vladislavs Malahovskis
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Comparative Analysis ◽  
Visual Appearance ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
The Public ◽  
War Of Independence ◽  
The People

The monument “United for Latvia”, unveiled in the centre of Rezekne in 1939, is dedicated to the participants of the Latvian War of Independence (1918–1920. ), who took part in the liberation of Latgale from the Bolsheviks. In a broader sense, it symbolizes the whole Latgale, the liberation of the people from foreign powers, as well as the unity of Latgale with the rest of Latvia. Nowadays, the monument is a signature of Latgale, its image is widely used in booklets, souvenirs, on the covers of books and brochures, in advertisements, etc. Despite the significance and popularity of the monument, its history has been little studied. Before the monument was erected, there was a series of discourses on its concept in Latgalian press. The aim of the article is to identify in the course of the exploration of Latgalian press publications the direction of the public opinion in the 1920s and 1930s on the discourses of what should be the ideological and visual appearance of the monument of the liberation of Latgale and its unification with the rest of Latvia. The study is based on the historical approach to discourse and qualitative, comparative analysis of information. The study examines two topics of discourse: the choice of the monument site and the type of the monument; the ideological and visual solution of the monument.  

scholarly journals Juridical review of the authority of the Indonesian consultative assembly after the amendments to the 1945 constitution

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-44
Author(s):  
Yudin Yunus
Keyword(s):  
Legal History ◽  
Research Method ◽  
State Institution ◽  
Vice President ◽  
The State ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
The People ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Status

This research discusses the Juridical Review of the Authority of the Indonesian Consultative Assembly after the 1945 Constitution Amendment . The results of the study describe the applicable provisions with the facts that occur in the community regarding the authority of the People's Consultative Assembly after the amendment of Law D1945 which is very minimal as a major State institution compared to other State institutions . The research method used in this research is normative research method. The statutory approach and the historical approach are approaches using legislation and regulations . And the historical approach is to refer to historical principles the law on the authority of the MPR prior to the amendments to the 1945 Constitution . These principles can be found in scholarly views or legal doctrines . This study aims to analyze the authority of the people's deliberative assembly before and after the amendment of the 1945 Constitution , based on the prevailing laws and legal history , namely by providing clarity on the status of the State MPR institution which is still maintained by the State as the main State institution which only has 3 post authorities. amendment e 4 In Article 3 of the Constitution, namely: 1 Amending and stipulating the Constitution , 2. Inaugurating the President and / or Vice President 3. Dismissing the President and / or Vice President during their term of office according to the Constitution . Based on the results of the research, it is concluded that the authority of the People 's Consultative Assembly after the Amendment of the 1945 Constitution is very minimal, namely only 3 powers not to mention that all of these 3 powers are only ceremonial

scholarly journals Zay Anna Herbáriuma és a XVIII. századi magyar gyógyszerészi szaknyelv

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 131-147
Author(s):  
Attila Szabó
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Habsburg Empire ◽  
War Of Independence ◽  
Medical Language ◽  
The People ◽  
Battlefield Injuries ◽  
Manuscript Copy

By the end of the 17th century, the Ottoman Empire power had been expelled out of Hungary. At the same time, the death of the King of Spain, forecast the end of the “Western” Habsburg Empire. Emerging economic nations England and the Netherlands wanted to create a new balance of power in which the Principality of Transylvania was also concerned. The Spanish War of Succession ended with the peace of Utrecht, which created a modern style of diplomacy. Ferenc Rákóczi II realized the chance of Hungary’s independence in a rearranging Europe, thus he started his war of independence. One of the spectacular social rise families of the era was the Vay family. Adam Vay wanted to be out of the war of independence. However, when the imperial troops burned down Gács Castle, he joined Rákóczi. Rising to the rank of general, Vay went to exile with his family in Poland after the peace of Szatmár (present-day Satu Mare, Romania). In exile, not only deprivation but also disease threatened them. Typical for the manorial courts of the era, scholar and lay healers worked together. His well-read wife, Anna Zay, began writing herbarium following this tradition. She tried most of the recipes he collected among the personnel of her house. Her work was circulated as a manuscript copy, which preserved the 16th – 17th-century Hungarian medical language. For the people of this era, above the battlefield injuries, the most feared disease was the plague. For Zay, prayer strengthened her endurance, helped her bearing much suffering and sorrow and provided hope to be freed from her exile. God speaks to man through the word, but prayers speak to God.

scholarly journals Farewell to Professor David Yaffe – A Pillar of the Myogenesis Field

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zipora Yablonka-Reuveni ◽  
Frank Stockdale ◽  
Uri Nudel ◽  
David Israeli ◽  
Helen M. Blau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
The State ◽  
Negev Desert ◽  
Weizmann Institute ◽  
International Scientific Community ◽  
War Of Independence ◽  
Family Science ◽  
The People ◽  
State Of Israel ◽  
Kibbutz Member

It is with great sadness that we have learned about the passing of Professor David Yaffe (1929-2020, Israel). Yehi Zichro Baruch - May his memory be a blessing. David was a man of family, science and nature. A native of Israel, David grew up in the historic years that preceded the birth of the State of Israel. He was a member of the group that established Kibbutz Revivim in the Negev desert, and in 1948 participated in Israel’s War of Independence. David and Ruth eventually joined Kibbutz Givat Brenner by Rehovot, permitting David to be both a kibbutz member and a life-long researcher at the Weizmann Institute of Science, where David received his PhD in 1959. David returned to the Institute after his postdoc at Stanford. Here, after several years of researching a number of tissues as models for studying the process of differentiation, David entered the myogenesis field and stayed with it to his last day. With his dedication to the field of myogenesis and his commitment to furthering the understanding of the People and the Land of Israel throughout the international scientific community, David organized the first ever myogenesis meeting that took place in Shoresh, Israel in 1975. This was followed by the 1980 myogenesis meeting at the same place and many more outstanding meetings, all of which brought together myogenesis, nature and scenery. Herein, through the preparation and publication of this current manuscript, we are meeting once again at a “David Yaffe myogenesis meeting". Some of us have been members of the Yaffe lab, some of us have known David as his national and international colleagues in the myology field. One of our contributors has also known (and communicates here) about David Yaffe’s earlier years as a kibbutznick in the Negev. Our collective reflections are a tribute to Professor David Yaffe. We are fortunate that the European Journal of Translational Myology has provided us with tremendous input and a platform for holding this 2020 distance meeting "Farwell to Professor David Yaffe - A Pillar of the Myogenesis Field".

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document