scholarly journals Zay Anna Herbáriuma és a XVIII. századi magyar gyógyszerészi szaknyelv

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 131-147
Author(s):  
Attila Szabó
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Habsburg Empire ◽  
War Of Independence ◽  
Medical Language ◽  
The People ◽  
Battlefield Injuries ◽  
Manuscript Copy

By the end of the 17th century, the Ottoman Empire power had been expelled out of Hungary. At the same time, the death of the King of Spain, forecast the end of the “Western” Habsburg Empire. Emerging economic nations England and the Netherlands wanted to create a new balance of power in which the Principality of Transylvania was also concerned. The Spanish War of Succession ended with the peace of Utrecht, which created a modern style of diplomacy. Ferenc Rákóczi II realized the chance of Hungary’s independence in a rearranging Europe, thus he started his war of independence. One of the spectacular social rise families of the era was the Vay family. Adam Vay wanted to be out of the war of independence. However, when the imperial troops burned down Gács Castle, he joined Rákóczi. Rising to the rank of general, Vay went to exile with his family in Poland after the peace of Szatmár (present-day Satu Mare, Romania). In exile, not only deprivation but also disease threatened them. Typical for the manorial courts of the era, scholar and lay healers worked together. His well-read wife, Anna Zay, began writing herbarium following this tradition. She tried most of the recipes he collected among the personnel of her house. Her work was circulated as a manuscript copy, which preserved the 16th – 17th-century Hungarian medical language. For the people of this era, above the battlefield injuries, the most feared disease was the plague. For Zay, prayer strengthened her endurance, helped her bearing much suffering and sorrow and provided hope to be freed from her exile. God speaks to man through the word, but prayers speak to God.

scholarly journals Armenian activities in the area of Gumushane during National War and four martyrs in AsutKurtuluş Savaşı’nda Gümüşhane bölgesinde Ermeni faaliyetleri ve Aşut’ta dört şehit

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 5326
Author(s):  
İsmail Hakkı Paslı
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
War Of Independence ◽  
Long Period ◽  
The People ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Domestic Affairs ◽  
Violent Events

The Ottoman Empire, with its multinational structure, managed to maintain its legacy on power over a long period of time, however it started to decline in the very beginning of 19th century due to some reasons like; poor economical situation, new identical hopes caused by nationalist ideas, the interference of foreign countries into domestic affairs.  The Armenian revolts, one of the significant separatist movements in the first decade of the 20th century, emerged as several terrorist attacks on the people of especially the Turks of Eastern part of Anatolia. Even today Armenians continue the same subjective activities worldwide using several lobby advantages. Yet, our efforts are unfortunately new and inadequate. We have to reveal what the Armenians did as violent events during the National war of Independence with all sorts of academic works. One such example of these violent events was an armed activity against our four soldiers in Aşut that is a village of Kelkit in the province of the Gümüşhane city. In this article, we have tried to set light to one of the Armenian activities waiting to be enlightened along with an interwiev with Mustafa Aydın. He is already a member of the same family of two the soldiers who were martyred by the Armenian guerillas. ÖzetOsmanlı İmparatorluğu kendi içinde çokuluslu özelliğiyle uzun yıllar ayakta durabilmeyi başarabilmiş, buna rağmen, özellikle 19.yüzyıldan itibaren batıya kıyasla, geri kalmış ekonomi, ayrılıkçı ve ulusçuluk akımlarının verdiği yeni kimlik arayışları, dış güçlerin ülkenin içişlerine karışır duruma gelmesi gibi birtakım nedenlerden dolayı bu özelliğini korumakta zorluk çekmeye başlamıştır. 20. Yüzyılın ilk yıllarında daha da belirginleşen ayrılıkçı girişimlerden biri olan Ermeni isyanları, Anadolu’nun özellikle doğu kesimlerinde yöredeki Türklere karşı çeşitli terör faaliyetleriyle kendini göstermiştir.  Günümüzde bile Ermeniler, çeşitli lobi avantajlarını kullanarak dünya çapında sübjektif çalışmalar yapmaya devam etmektedirler. Buna rağmen kendi faaliyetlerimiz henüz yeni ve yetersiz durumdadır. Ermenilerin, Kurtuluş Savaşı süresince yapmış olduğu katliamlar ve benzeri faaliyetleri her seviyeden akademik çalışma ile ortaya koymak durumundayız. Söz konusu faaliyetlerden biri de Gümüşhane ili Kelkit ilçesine bağlı köylerden Aşut’ta, dört askere karşı yapılan silahlı girişimdir. Bu makalede, gün yüzüne çıkarılmayı bekleyen Ermeni faaliyetlerinden birini, şehit edilen askerlerle aynı zamanda akraba olan Mustafa Aydın ile yaptığımız röportaj eşliğinde aydınlatmaya çalıştık.

scholarly journals The Total War Strategy: Challenges in Facing Traitor of the Nation: A Historical Approach During the Indonesian War of Independence

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Endro Nurbantoro ◽  
◽  
Helda Risman ◽  
Lukman Yudho Prakoso
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
War Of Independence ◽  
Total War ◽  
The People ◽  
Formidable Challenge ◽  
War For Independence ◽  
State Defense

The Indonesian state implements a total defense system, meaning that it involves all the people and all national resources, national facilities and infrastructure, as well as the entire territory of the country as one defense unit. This system demands awareness of the rights and obligations of every citizen to defend the state as a manifestation of its totality. Efforts to raise awareness of defending the state for every citizen are a formidable challenge, recorded in Indonesian history as inseparable from attempts to betray the nation's struggle. Based on this phenomenon, the writer is moved to reveal several historical events during the war for independence in 1945-1949 which recorded the existence of certain people and groups who became traitors to the nation. The discussion in this article uses a qualitative research method using a historical approach, in which the preparation procedure goes through four stages, namely: heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The data analysis used is historical analysis, with an emphasis on sharpness in interpreting historical facts. From the analysis conducted, it can be proven that during the war for independence in 1945-1949, the implementation of the total war strategy, which should have received the support of all the people, actually faced quite a tough challenge. This challenge was caused by the existence of certain people and groups who defected to side with the Netherlands, either by joining forces formed by the Netherlands or as spies for the Netherlands. Of course, this is very contrary to the values of state defense that must be possessed by every citizen.

scholarly journals The Total War Strategy: Challenges in Facing Traitor of the Nation: A Historical Approach During the Indonesian War of Independence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Endro Nurbantoro ◽  
Helda Risman ◽  
Lukman Yudho Prakoso
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
War Of Independence ◽  
Total War ◽  
The People ◽  
Formidable Challenge ◽  
War For Independence ◽  
State Defense

The Indonesian state implements a total defense system, meaning that it involves all the people and all national resources, national facilities and infrastructure, as well as the entire territory of the country as one defense unit. This system demands awareness of the rights and obligations of every citizen to defend the state as a manifestation of its totality. Efforts to raise awareness of defending the state for every citizen are a formidable challenge, recorded in Indonesian history as inseparable from attempts to betray the nation's struggle. Based on this phenomenon, the writer is moved to reveal several historical events during the war for independence in 1945-1949 which recorded the existence of certain people and groups who became traitors to the nation. The discussion in this article uses a qualitative research method using a historical approach, in which the preparation procedure goes through four stages, namely: heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The data analysis used is historical analysis, with an emphasis on sharpness in interpreting historical facts. From the analysis conducted, it can be proven that during the war for independence in 1945-1949, the implementation of the total war strategy, which should have received the support of all the people, actually faced quite a tough challenge. This challenge was caused by the existence of certain people and groups who defected to side with the Netherlands, either by joining forces formed by the Netherlands or as spies for the Netherlands. Of course, this is very contrary to the values of state defense that must be possessed by every citizen.

scholarly journals PENGEMBANGAN NASIONALISME DALAM KEARIFAN LOKAL MASYARAKAT ACEH YANG MENJALANKAN SYARIAT ISLAM

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sulaiman . ◽  
Nurmasyitah .
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Royal Court ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
Islamic Values

The people of Aceh, in its history until now. considered a strong adherent of Islam. Islam has not only been strived to be upheld in the midst of society in terms of the implementation of its teachings, this religion has also become the main foundation in the formation of nationalist attitudes, the tradition of the royal court in the past is full of Islamic values, since the title used, the concept of governance , court ceremonial traditions (which do not differentiate between Islamic and royal traditions). and various royal religious policies, especially in the 17th century. Islam was not only an inspiration for development and progress in Aceh in various fields, it also played a major role in the strong resistance against the Portuguese in Malacca. in the first half of the 16th century, and the Netherlands, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. This war in the name of religion has always been held closely by the community consistently. 

Physical Trauma As Presesnted In Monica Ali’s Brick Lane

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 156-159
Author(s):  
Roy PP
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Young Children ◽  
War Of Independence ◽  
Physical Trauma ◽  
The People ◽  
Provincial Capital ◽  
The 1960S

Monica Ali was born in 1967 in Dhaka, Bangladesh, but grew up in England. Her English mother met her Bangladeshi father at a dance in northern England in the 1960s. Despite both of their families` protests, they later married and lived together with their two young children in Dhaka. This was then the provincial capital of East Pakistan which after a nine-month war of independence became the capital of the People`s Republic of Bangladesh. On 25 March 1971 during this civil war, Monica Ali`s father sent his family to safety in England. The war caused East Pakistan to secede from the union with West Pakistan, and was now named Bangladesh.

Formation of the research tradition of studying the institute Parliamentarism as a mechanism for the establishment of democracy

2017 ◽  
pp. 187-198
Author(s):  
Akil Ibrahim Al-Zuhari
Keyword(s):  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
The State ◽  
Executive Power ◽  
Research Tradition ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
The People ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Government ◽  
Parliamentary Regimes

The article defines the features of the process of forming the research tradition of studying the institute of parliamentarism as a mechanism for the formation of democracy. It is established that parliamentarism acts as one of the varieties of the regime of functioning of the state, to which the independence of the representative body from the people is inherent, its actual primacy in the state mechanism, the division of functions between the legislative and executive branches of government, the responsibility and accountability of the government to the parliament. It is justified that, in addition to the regime that fully meets the stated requirements of classical parliamentarism, there are regimes that can be characterized as limited parliamentary regimes. The conclusions point out that parliamentarism does not necessarily lead to a democracy regime. At the first stage of development of statehood, it functions for a long time in the absence of many attributes of democracy, but at the present stage, without parliamentarism, democracy will be substantially limited. Modern researchers of parliamentarism recognize that this institution is undergoing changes with the development of the processes of democracy and democratization. This is what produces different approaches to its definition. However, most scientists under classical parliamentarianism understand such a system, which is based on the balance of power. This approach seeks to justify limiting the rights of parliament and strengthening executive power. Keywords: Parliamentarism, research strategy, theory of parliamentarism, types of parliamentarism

Prophecy and Politics in Istanbul: Charles V, Sultan Suleyman, and the Habsburg Embassy of 1533-1534

1998 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Finlay
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Habsburg Empire ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Charles V

AbstractThree prophecies current in Istanbul in the summer of 1533 pointed toward the imminent destruction of the Ottoman empire by Christian powers. One of the predictions stated that Alvise Gritti, the bastard son of the doge of Venice, would bring about the ruin of the Ottomans. A confidant of Sultan Srlcyman and the grand vizier, Gritti was deeply involved in the war of the Ottomans against Charles V of the Spanish-Habsburg empire, as a commander of Ottoman troops, advisor on Western affairs, and governor-general of the Hungarian kingdom. Widely detested by Ottoman officials, however, Gritti felt that his power was waning in 1534. In response, he perhaps was inspired to play out his prophetic role, for he told an ambassador of Charles V that he would help the emperor's forces capture Istanbul while Sultan Süleyman was away at war. Millenarian speculation was widespread in the early sixteenth century, but sometimes it had direct consequences inasmuch as it came to figure in the calculations of political actors. Examination of the prophecies of 1533 within the context of the time nicely illustrates how prophecy and politics could have a reciprocal relationship, with the former being tailored to the occasion and the latter responding to apocalyptic foreboding.

„Heutiger Nachbar – gestriger Untertan“

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leyla von Mende
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Travel Literature ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Southeast Europe ◽  
Intellectual Elites

How did intellectual elites, who had acquired their position and formed their self-conception within the Ottoman Empire, deal with its loss and change? This question is discussed by looking at their representations of Southeast Europe in Ottoman and Turkish travel literature. The study analyses their attempts to continuously reposition themselves, their homeland and Southeast Europe in times of a shifting international balance of power. It also explores two mechanisms of processing the things observed – wonder and remembering. This approach allows us to reassess the importance of the lost region to the authors’ present and sheds new light on the transition from empire to republic.

Eschatology and Religiosity of the People in Russia in the 17th Century

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
Natalya S. Gurianova
Keyword(s):  
17Th Century ◽  
Church Reform ◽  
Christian Teaching ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
Spiritual Crisis ◽  
Time Of Troubles ◽  
Early Modern Era ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
The Church

The article studies the religiosity of Russian population in the 17th century in order to find out the type of this state of public mind. Special attention is drawn to the acuteness of eschatological expectations in society, which intensified during periods of crises. After the Time of Troubles (Smuta), the Church, trying to bring society out of the spiritual crisis, had been exploiting the “end of the world” topic through publishing relevant texts. This trend was especially noticeable during the time of Patriarch Joseph. The decision of the Moscow Printing House (Pechatnyi Dvor) to extend the amount of eschatological publications was determined not only by the direction of church policy, but also by the request in society, the desire of the population to get a more complete picture of the Christian teaching about the ultimate destinies of the world and man, since the spiritual crisis had presupposed an increase of apocalyptic moods. This desire indicates that the population was characterized by the religiosity of the medieval type. The article scrutinizes in particular the 2nd half of the 17th century, which modern researchers rightly designate as the early Modern era. In a society with such a keen perception of the time, the church reform, initiated in the middle of the century by Patriarch Nikon, was naturally not supported by a part of the population. In the interpretation of the defenders of the Old Belief, the actions of the reformers turned into clear signs of the advent of the kingdom of Antichrist, as it was prophesied in Christian teaching. It was not some peculiarity of the worldview of the opponents of church reform, their behavior adjusted the religiosity of the epoch. To justify these thoughts the position of Patriarch Nikon could be mentioned. Nikon found himself in a situation of disapproval and, arguing to be wrongfully convicted and misunderstood, he also used the eschatological doctrine. Based on the analysis of such facts, the article concludes that the 2nd half of the 17th century was characterized by religiosity of the medieval type.

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