scholarly journals On the Relation between Task-Variety, Social Informal Learning, and Employability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik Emanuel Froehlich
Keyword(s):  
Informal Learning ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Job Requirements ◽  
Task Variety

Fluctuating demands and fast changing job-requirements require organizations to invest in employees so that they are able to take up new tasks. In this respect, fostering employees’ employability is high on the agenda of many organizations. As a prerequisite for creating employability, many scholars have focused on the role of social informal learning. In this study, we extend this perspective and examine the relationships between task variety, social informal learning, and employability. We hypothesized that task variety is a catalyst for social informal learning, which in turn enhances employees’ employability. We contribute empirical evidence for this mechanism. However, while task variety leads to social informal learning and, subsequently, the competences needed for employability, task variety also may have negative direct effects on employability. We discuss the implications of these findings for future research and practice.

Internal Auditing in India and China: Some Empirical Evidence and Issues for Research

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Narayanaswamy ◽  
K. Raghunandan ◽  
Dasaratha V. Rama
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Internal Audit ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Internal Auditing ◽  
Internal Auditors ◽  
Internal Audit Function ◽  
India And China

Internal auditing is an important element in the corporate governance framework. Yet, research related to internal auditing, particularly in emerging economies like India and China, is sparse. We use data from responses provided by chief audit executives to provide empirical evidence about the extent of support for internal auditing and the determinants of such support in India and China, and compare the data with those from the United States. We find that such support is negatively related to pressure on internal auditors to suppress or alter their findings. We also provide descriptive evidence about the work and staffing of the internal audit function. We discuss the role of internal auditing in India and identify some possible avenues for future research.

scholarly journals How Parents Support Children’s Informal Learning Experiences with Robots

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-51
Author(s):  
Emily Relkin ◽  
Madhu Govind ◽  
Jaclyn Tsiang ◽  
Marina Bers
Keyword(s):  
Informal Learning ◽  
Stem Education ◽  
Small Groups ◽  
Learning Experiences ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Play Session ◽  
Asking Questions ◽  
Role Of Parents ◽  
Scaffolding Strategies

Coding and robotic technologies are becoming more prominent in early childhood STEM education. Parents, who are key facilitators of children’s early educational experiences, are increasingly invited to engage with their children in collaborative robotics activities. Few studies have focused on the ways in which parents support young children’s informal learning experiences involving robots. This paper presents two different approaches to exploring how parents support young children’s engagement. Both studies involve KIBO, a screen-free robot programmed with tangible wooden blocks. The first approach brought together children ages 5-7 with their parents in small groups for 1-2-hour “KIBO Family Day” workshops. Findings from parent surveys (N = 51) indicated that these workshops significantly enhanced families’ interest in coding. Parents also reported engaging as coaches, whereas children engaged as playmates and planners. To further explore the role of parents as coaches, three parent-child dyads were invited to participate in a 20-minute videotaped KIBO play session. Findings indicated that parents predominantly used cognitive scaffolding strategies, such as asking questions, offering suggestions, and verbally acknowledging their child’s actions. Affective and technical scaffolding strategies were used less frequently. Study limitations and implications for practice and future research are discussed.

scholarly journals Moving Mindfully: The Role of Mindfulness Practice in Physical Activity and Health Behaviours

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Dev Roychowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Mindfulness Practice ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Mindfulness Practices ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Global Population

Participation in regular physical activity yields numerous psychological and physical health benefits. Despite this, a large proportion of the global population is increasingly becoming inactive and sedentary, which has been linked to various causes of morbidity and mortality. One practice that has been found to encourage healthy participation in physical activity and associated health behaviours is mindfulness. Mindfulness practices have been consistently linked to higher levels of physical activity participation. However, the relationship between mindfulness practices and physical activity remains ambiguous. This present paper comments on the role of mindfulness practice in physical activity and health behaviours. Implications for future research and practice have also been addressed.

Bereavement Outcomes for Atheist Individuals: The Role of Spirituality, Discrimination, and Meaning

2020 ◽  
pp. 003022282097453
Author(s):  
Jacob S. Sawyer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Meaning Reconstruction ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Relationship

The present study applied several concepts typically included in thanatology research to an atheist sample. Atheists are a growing segment of the population in the United States, though little is known about this group. A sample of 355 adults who self-identify as atheist completed an online survey assessing forms of spirituality, anti-atheist discrimination, and meaning reconstruction in order to examine associations between these variables and bereavement outcomes of complicated grief and psychological distress. Results of a multiple regression analysis suggested that spirituality was not related to bereavement outcomes, anti-atheist discrimination was related to poorer bereavement outcomes, while the relationship between meaning reconstruction and bereavement outcomes was mixed. These results provide a foundation for additional exploration of bereavement processes in atheist individuals, and implications for future research and practice are discussed.

The Role of Peers and Siblings in Adolescent Sexual Decisions

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-441
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Friedman ◽  
Cheryl L. Somers ◽  
Lauren Mangus
Keyword(s):  
Sibling Relationships ◽  
Social Contagion ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
The Social ◽  
Peer Approval ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior

The purpose of this study was to examine the contributions of peer and sibling relationships to adolescent sexual attitudes and behavior. Data were collected from a sample of 492 participants, ages 14 to 18 years, from a large suburban high school in the Midwest. The results revealed that more than half of the female participants were initiated into nonvirginity by experienced males, which provides some support for the social contagion theory. Perceived peer approval was the strongest predictor, with siblings also contributing. Some mediation analyses were significant as well. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.

What Drives Adult Personality Development? A Comparison of Theoretical Perspectives and Empirical Evidence

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jule Specht ◽  
Wiebke Bleidorn ◽  
Jaap J. A. Denissen ◽  
Marie Hennecke ◽  
Roos Hutteman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Adult Personality ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Comprehensive Framework

Increasing numbers of empirical studies provide compelling evidence that personality traits change across the entire lifespan. What initiates this continuing personality development and how does this development proceed? In this paper, we compare six theoretical perspectives that offer testable predictions about why personality develops the way it does and identify limitations and potentials of these perspectives by reviewing how they hold up against the empirical evidence. While all of these perspectives have received some empirical support, there is only little direct evidence for propositions put forward by the five–factor theory of personality and the theory of genotype → environment effects. In contrast, the neo–socioanalytic theory appears to offer a comprehensive framework that fits the empirical findings and allows the integration of other, more specialized, perspectives that focus on specific aspects of personality development like the role of time, systematic differences between categories of social roles or the active partake of the person himself or herself. We draw conclusions on the likely driving factors for adult personality development and identify avenues for future research. Copyright © 2014 European Association of Personality Psychology

scholarly journals Exploring Mental Health Literacy Among Pre-Service Teachers

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Whitley ◽  
Suzanne Gooderham
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Mental Health Literacy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Home Life ◽  
Mental Health Difficulties ◽  
Role Of Teachers ◽  
Collaborative Efforts

Worldwide, prevalence rates of students experiencing mental health difficulties are growing, with only one in five receiving treatment. The role of teachers in collaborative efforts both to identify and to provide effective services for these students is an essential one. However, scant research has explored the mental health literacy of pre-service teachers. In the present study, 186 pre-service teachers completed a vignette-based measure (Child or Adolescent version based on each teacher’s experience) in order to assess their mental health literacy, comprised of beliefs and knowledge. Results indicate that participants expressed lower efficacy when teaching children or adolescents with externalizing as compared to internalizing behaviours but believed that a child or adolescent experiencing behaviours indicative of depression was of the greatest concern and in need of intervention. Pre-service teachers were able to correctly identify cases of anxiety and ADHD, but many attributed behaviours typical of depression to home life difficulties (Child version) or substance use/abuse (Adolescent version). Results are discussed in light of previous research in the field; recommendations for future research and practice are provided.

scholarly journals Holding It Together? Professional Perspectives on the Role of Relationships when Relocating Young People due to Extra-familial Harm

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlene Firmin ◽  
Rachael Owens
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Young People ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Integrated Research ◽  
Professional Perspectives ◽  
Safety Professional

Abstract When young people come to harm in extra-familial contexts, professionals may move them a distance from their home community to protect them, and in doing so disrupt relationships in which they have encountered harm. However, relocations can also fracture young people’s protective relationships with family, peers, and professionals; relationships that have been positioned as targets for intervention in cases of extra-familial harm. The extent to which these relationships are considered during relocations is under-explored. Utilising semi-structured interviews with 16 social work professionals in England and Wales, we assessed their accounts of using relationships prior to, during, and following relocations in cases of extra-familial harm. Three themes emerged: using relationships during relocations to provide consistency, to collaborate, and to create safety. Professional accounts prioritised young people’s relationships with practitioners, over relationships with families, peers, and their wider communities, when using/seeking opportunities to offer consistency and to collaborate on safety plans. They also depicted a struggle to engage with the complex web of family, peer, and community relationships associated to young people’s protection in both their home communities and those they had been moved to; relationships that were critical for creating safety. Implications for practice and future research are discussed, highlighting the potential merits of offering integrated research and practice frameworks that hold together young people’s relationships with families, peers, communities, and professionals, in response to extra-familial harm.

Media Entertainment as Guilty Pleasure?

2021 ◽  
pp. 203-230
Author(s):  
Leonard Reinecke ◽  
Adrian Meier
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Media Use ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Media Content ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Entertainment Theory

Using media, specifically those that offer entertainment, frequently conflicts with other goals and obligations in daily life. Users can manage these conflicts either by applying self-control and upholding their goals, or by giving in to media temptations, which elicits negative emotional appraisals such as guilt that potentially spoil entertainment experiences. Currently, a systematic integration of self-control and entertainment theory is direly needed to guide future work in this area. The goals of the present chapter are thus threefold: (1) It provides a theoretical explication of the central components of self-control and subsequently (2) introduces the appraisal of media use, self-control, and entertainment (AMUSE) model. The AMUSE model systematizes the available empirical evidence on the role of self-control for the selection, processing, and effects of (entertaining) media content and, on this basis, the chapter (3) provides testable propositions for future research.

The Role of Personal Goal and Self-Efficiency in Predicting Computer Task Performance

2005 ◽  
pp. 65-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mun Y. Yi ◽  
Kun S. Im
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Motivational Beliefs ◽  
Personal Goal ◽  
End User ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Mba Students ◽  
Proposed Model

Computer task performance is an essential driver of end user productivity. Recent research indicates that computer self-efficacy (CSE) is an important determinant of computer task performance. Contrary to the significant interest in understanding the role of CSE in predicting computer task performance, little attention has been given to understanding the role of personal goal (PG), which can be as powerful as or more powerful than CSE in predicting and determining computer task performance. Employing CSE and PG, the present research develops and validates a theoretical model that predicts individual computer task performance. The model was tested using PLS on data from an intensive software (Microsoft Excel) training program, in which 41 MBA students participated. Results largely support the theorized relationships of the proposed model and provide important insights into how individual motivational beliefs influence computer skill acquisition and task performance. Implications are drawn for future research and practice.

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