scholarly journals Waste and Global Warming

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Dewi Moelyaningrum
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Global Warming Potential ◽  
Management System ◽  
Sanitary Landfill ◽  
Waste Management System ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Open Dumping ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Proceeding Seminar Nasional“Perubahan Iklim dalam Perspektif Kesehatan Masyarakat”Jember, 16 Oktober 2010Waste was produced by human activity. Open dumping is the most method applied in Indonesia`s waste management system. Methane (CH4) can produce from waste open dumping method. Methane is a dangerous greenhouses gas. Methane (CH4) in the earth`s atmosphere is an important greenhouse gas with a global warming potential. It can damage ozone 21 faster than carbon dioxide (CO2). Indonesia`s population in 2009 was 234 million. Everybody produces waste of 800gr per day per person. The estimate Indonesia waste was 187,200-tons per day, which 1 ton of waste can produce 50 kg of methane (CH4) gases. Global warming can reduce by a good waste management system. It can reduce some of the dangerous greenhouse gases such as methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2). Open dumping method must be stopped. The alternative to control the emission of methane (CH4) is applied sanitary landfill method.

scholarly journals PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH KOTA BERDASARKAN KONSEP ZERO WASTE

Pondasi ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Marlita Riali
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Sanitary Landfill ◽  
Zero Waste ◽  
Waste Management System ◽  
Open Dumping ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

AbstractWaste becomes one of the crucial problems, even including cultural problems, because the impact will disrupt all aspects of life. Most landfills are operated using an open dumping system even though the landfill is designed with a sanitary landfill system. Therefore proper handling is needed to reduce the risks associated with waste problems. One of the waste handlings that can be done is with a sustainable waste management system, which is the concept of zero waste. This is in line with the efforts of the SDGs' target to state that the country as a whole can reduce waste generation through prevention, reduction, recycling, and reuse. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method with a technical approach to the analysis of literature studies in examining zero waste-based waste management systems through several case studies, namely the City of Canberra, South Korea, Sweden, Brazil, Japan, and Germany. The results showed that implementing the waste management system with the concept of zero waste required the collaboration of all parties not only stakeholders, and indirectly the cultural characteristics of the community played an important role to realize the concept of zero waste because of the need for high public awareness. And essentially all parties, both the government and the community want to reduce the amount of waste from both sources and landfills and improve the recycling system to create an ideal city. Keywords: Municipal Waste, Waste Management, Zero Waste AbstrakSampah menjadi salah satu permasalahan yang krusial bahkan termasuk masalah kultural karena dampak yang ditimbulkan akan mengganggu semua aspek kehidupan. Sebagian besar tempat pembuangan sampah dioperasikan dengan menggunakan sistem open dumping walaupun TPA tersebut didesain dengan sistem sanitary landfill. Oleh sebab itu diperlukan penanganan yang tepat untuk mengurangi resiko terkait masalah sampah. Salah satu penanganan sampah yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan sistem pengolahan sampah berkelanjutan yaitu konsep zero waste. Hal ini sejalan dengan upaya target SDGs menyatakan bahwa negara secara menyeluruh mampu mengurangi timbulan sampah melalui pencegahan, pengurangan, daur ulang, dan pemakaian kembali. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan teknis analisis studi literatur dalam mengkaji sistem pengelolaan sampah berbasis zero waste melalui beberapa studi kasus yaitu Kota Canberra, Korea Selatan, Swedia, Brasil, Jepang, dan Jerman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa untuk menerapkan sistem pegelolaan sampah dengan konsep zero waste diperlukan kerjasama semua pihak tidak hanya pemangku kepentingan, dan secara tidak langsung komitmen masyarakat berperan penting untuk mewujudkan konsep zero waste karena perlunya kesadaran masyarakat yang tinggi. Dan pada hakekatnya semua pihak baik pemerintah dan masyarakat menginginkan untuk mengurangi jumlah sampah baik dari sumber maupun TPA dan meningkatkan sistem daur ulang untuk mewujudkan kota yang ideal.Kata Kunci : Sampah Kota, Pengelolaan Sampah, Zero Waste

scholarly journals Waste management in the Irkutsk Region, Siberia, Russia: Environmental assessment of current practice focusing on landfilling

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 389-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vlada Starostina ◽  
Anders Damgaard ◽  
Helmut Rechberger ◽  
Thomas H Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Waste Management System ◽  
Leachate Collection ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Biogenic Carbon

The municipal waste management system of the region of Irkutsk is described and a life cycle assessment (LCA) performed to assess the environmental performance of the system. Annually about 500 000 tons of waste are managed. The waste originates from three sources: household waste (27%), commercial waste (23%) and office & institutional waste (44%). Other waste of unknown composition constitutes 6%. Only 3% of the waste is recycled; 97% of the municipal waste is disposed of at the old Alexandrovsky landfill. The environmental impact from the current system is dominated by the landfill, which has no gas or leachate collection system. The global warming contribution is due to the emission of methane of the order of 420 000 tons CO2-equivalents per year. Collection and transport of the waste are insignificant compared with impacts from the landfill. As the old landfill runs out of capacity in a few years, the LCA modelling showed that introduction of a new and modern landfill with gas and leachate collection could improve the performance of the waste management system significantly. Collection of landfill gas and utilization for 30 years for electricity production (gas turbine) would reduce the global warming completely and result in a net saving of 100 000 CO2-equivalents per year due to storage of biogenic carbon in the landfill beyond 100 years. Considering other first-order degradation rates for the landfilled organic matter did not overtly affect the results, while assumptions about the top cover oxidation of methane significantly affected the results. This shows the importance of controlling the gas escape from the landfill.

Environmental Impacts of the Existing Solid Waste Management System of Northern Lahore

2019 ◽  
Vol 07 (03) ◽  
pp. 1950013
Author(s):  
Syeda Amber FATIMA ◽  
Mohammad Nawaz CHAUDHRY ◽  
Syeda Adila BATOOL
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Management System ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Nutrient Cycle ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Waste Management System ◽  
Solid Waste Management System

With the substantial increase in solid waste due to industrialization and urbanization, the environmental damage has also aggravated, making the management of solid waste an important issue throughout the world. Global warming, species extinction, imbalance in nutrient cycle and random disposal of hazardous waste are some environmental problems threatening sustainable development. The solid waste from the study area mainly consists of organic waste (66%), recyclables (25%) and miscellaneous waste (9%). About 10% of the organic waste is composted by public facilities funded by the government; whereas the entire miscellaneous waste is dumped at dumping sites without going through any treatment. About 41% of the recyclables are sold to junk shops by households, and 28% are sorted out by scavengers at dumping sites. An EASEWASTE model is used to evaluate the impacts of existing solid waste management system on environment. The major gases which contribute to life cycle impact assessment are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), CFCs (CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113, CFC-114 and CFC-115), HCFCs (HCFC-22, HCFC-123, HCFC-124 and HCFC-141b), HFCs (HFC-125, HFC-134a and HFC-152a), halons, tetra chloromethane (CCl[Formula: see text], 1,1,1-trichloroethane (CCl3CH3) and carbon monoxide (CO), and global warming potential is calculated by the EASEWASTE model at different timelines, i.e. 20, 100 and 500 years, respectively. Human toxicity via water and air is also evaluated and it found that the existing system is polluting the environment in many ways.

scholarly journals MAKING LEARNING MEDIA FOR GREENBOX EFFECT SIMULATOR TO IMPROVE UNDERSTANDING OF THE CONCEPT OF THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Noer Sarifah Ainy ◽  
Nestiyanto Hadi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Greenhouse Effect ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Gas ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Yellow Color ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

The earth is experiencing global warming due to an increase in air temperature (greenhouse effect). This is due to the large number of greenhouse gases produced by human activities. In addition, it is also due to the reduced number of plants that absorb greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide. This condition causes the study of the greenhouse effect to become an object studied by students at school. Understanding the greenhouse effect is somewhat difficult if only understood in theory. Increasing understanding can be done by making practicum learning media. This study aims to create learning media for the Greenbox Effect Simulator to help understand the concept of the greenhouse effect. The research was conducted using control variables and independent variables (use of plants and without plants). The plants used are Caisim, Sri Gading and Anggrek. The presence of carbon dioxide (CO2) greenhouse gases can be detected by three things, namely changes in the color of the CO2 indicator, changes in temperature, and visibility of the box. The color of the CO2 indicator shows green and green yellow for Box B (with plants) which means the concentration of CO2 in normal conditions. Whereas Box C (without plants) gives a yellow color, which means that the concentration of CO2 is at high conditions. The presence of carbon dioxide gas from combustion will increase the temperature by 1.4 - 1.9 oC in Box C (without plants) and 0.7 - 1.5 oC in Box B (use of plants). The visibility of Box B shows a higher brightness level than Box C. The best plants that can absorb CO2 concentrations are orchids. The ability of orchids to absorb CO2 is assisted by their roots which also function to carry out photosynthesis. The existence of plants functions to absorb CO2 quite well when viewed from changes in temperature, color indicators and visibility.

scholarly journals WASTE MANAGEMENT IN THE KAWATUNA LANDFILL SITE OF PALU CITY

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Yamin Astha ◽  
Altim . ◽  
Saiful Alam ◽  
Sutrati Melissa Malik
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Social Economy ◽  
Landfill Site ◽  
Waste Management System ◽  
Open Dumping ◽  
The City

Abstract: The waste is all kind of things or material/human excreta, animal, vegetation or anything from the result of human activity to fulfill their daily need. This waste may trigger and or cause contamination to the water, land, and air and cause damage to the human environmental. The ultimate waste disposal of the city in The Landfill Site is against some obstacles, physically and nonphysical, such as social, economy, maintenance problems, etc. According the field experience in some area especially in the City of Palu, city waste management in TPA Kawatuna or Kawatuna Landfill Site consistently practice open dumping system with specific awareness on the environmental protection. The problem occur in Kawatuna Landfill Site is none of waste selection criteria. This condition caused a habitant of the scavengers to earn the life for their expanse, but this settlement has negative impact to their healthiness. The contours of landfill site are valley and hilly. This caused a waste collections activity from the waste employee throw away randomly to the valley of landfill site area and caused wider landfill area. In addition, another wider valley becomes the garbage collection area and causes destruction to the land structure. As a result, the qualitative descriptive method of this research concludes applicable waste management system for the Kawatuna Landfill Site and factors that influences the waste management system. Effort and good cooperation are necessary for a good waste management practice in Kawatuna Landfill Site. This practice starts from each of us where the waste is a requirement that should minimize together. Application of 4R (Reduce, Replace, Reuse and Recycle) is the first step in maximizing the waste management system of Kawatuna Landfill Site. All of this effort certainly requires a support from human resources, facility and infrastructure, social participation and government regulation. Keywords: Waste, Waste Management, Kawatuna Landfill Abstrak: Sampah ialah semua jenis benda atau barang bangunan/kotoran manusia, hewan atau tumbuh-tumbuhan atau yang berasal dari aktivitas kehidupan manusia dalam memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya yang dapat menimbulkan dan atau mengakibatkan pengotoran terhadap air, tanah dan udara sehingga dapat menimbulkan pengrusakan lingkungan hidup manusia. Penampungan akhir sampah kota dilakukan di Tempat Pembuangan Akhir (TPA) mengalami berbagai macam kendala baik fisik maupun non fisik, seperti masalah sosial, ekonomi, pemeliharaan dan lain–lain. Dari berbagai kenyataan yang ada di lapangan, di berbagai daerah, khususnya di Kota Palu, pengelolaan sampah perkotaan di TPA Kawatuna masih menggunakan sistem pembuangan terbuka (open dumping), dimana sistem ini kurang memperhatikan aspek perlindungan lingkungan. Masalah yang timbul di TPA Kawatuna yakni : belum ada pengelolaan untuk pemilahan jenis sampah, kondisi ini mengakibatkan munculnya permukiman para pemulung yang mencari nafkah dengan memilah sampah yang dapat memberikan pendapatan bagi mereka, namun keberadaan permukiman mereka dapat memberikan pengaruh negatif bagi kesehatan mereka. Dan kondisi TPA yang berkontur yaitu lembah dan perbukitan menjadikan sampah yang telah dikumpulkan oleh petugas dibuang sembarangan pada lembah di daerah TPA yang mengakibatkan bertambah luasnya daratan sampah, hal lain lembah yang cukup besar dijadikan sebagai penampung sampah yang dapat menyebabkan rusaknya struktur tanah. Olehnya penyelesaian penelitian dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif didapatkan sistem pengelolaan sampah yang sesuai diterapkan di TPA Kawatuna dan faktor – faktor yang mempengaruhi sistem pengelolaan sampah. Diperlukan usaha dan kerjasama yang baik agar pengolahan sampah di TPA Kawatuna dapat berjalan dengan baik. Hal tersebut dimulai dari diri kita masing – masing bahwa sampah merupakan suatu kebutuhan yang harus kita minimalisasikan bersama – sama. Penerapan 4R yakni (Reduce, Replace, Reuse and Recycle) merupakan langkah awal agar sistem pengelolaan sampah di TPA Kawatuna berjalan maksimal. Tentunya semua itu perlu didukung dengan sumber daya manusia, sarana prasarana, partisipasi masyarakat dan peraturan pemerintah. Kata Kunci: Sampah, Pengelolaan Sampah, TPA Kawatuna

scholarly journals Gambaran Tingkat Kepadatan Lalat pada Sistem Pengelolaan Sampah dengan Metode Controlled landfill dan Open Dumping Di Tempat Pembuangan Akhir Sampah Kabupaten Jember, Tahun 2006

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Dewi Moelyaningrum
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Management System ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Stratified Random Sampling ◽  
Waste Management System ◽  
Open Dumping ◽  
Very High

this paper had been published in Buletin Human Media No. 01 Volume 02, Maret 2006. Departemen Kesehatan R.I. Direktorat Jendral Pengendalian Penyakit dan Penyehatan Lingkungan. Balai Besar Teknik Kesehatan Lingkungan dan Pemberantasan Penyakit Menular. Surabaya. Abstract The Objective of this research was to study waste management system and flies density in a controlled landfill and open dumping. A stratified random sampling with a proportional allocated method has been used to collect the samples. The result is landfill Pakusari with controlled landfill system and landfill Kencong and Tanggul with open dumping system. Flies density on controlled landfill area reached very high (34,4 flies/0,5 minute), the open dumping in landfill Tanggul 15,7 flies/0,5 minute (high) and in landfill Kencong 17,3 flies/ 0,5 minute (high). Volume and organic matter percentage of waste affected flies density, nevertheless climate showed no effect on the density.

scholarly journals Life Cycle Inventory and assessment of the municipal solid waste management system: a case study in a municipality in southern Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-121
Author(s):  
Adan William da Silva Trentin ◽  
Adilson Moacir Becker Jr ◽  
Ênio Leandro Machado ◽  
Pâmela Andréa Mantey Dos Santos ◽  
Adriane de Assis Lawisch Rodriguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Management System ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Santa Cruz ◽  
Waste Management System ◽  
Solid Waste Management System

The present study conducted a Life Cycle Assessment evaluation of the Solid Waste Management System in Santa Cruz do Sul – RS, in order to provide background information and therefore support decision-making for future waste management scenarios. The software package named as Integrated Waste Management – 2, Version 2.5., was used to perform the LCA, where all inputs and waste management system outputs were identified and quantified. The conversion of the results from Life Cycle Inventory to Life Cycle Assessment in environmental impacts was carried out based on impact characterization factors from RECIPE 2008 version 1.08. The impact categories studied were: Photochemical Oxidant Formation Potential, Global Warming Potential, Acidification Potential, Eutrophication Potential, Depletion of the Ozone Layer Potential and Particulate Matter Formation Potential in addition to the Use of Energy and Final Solid Waste. The current waste management scenario has been simulated as baseline, considering three additional scenarios, which included raising the number of households served by selective collection, improvement of recycling recovery efficiency in the sorting stage and the introduction of the biological treatment stage into the system by composting the organic matter. The results showed that the current scenario is the most impacting, for global warming, with a total of 12,102,122.85 kg of emissions per year, whereas scenario 04 showed to represent the lowest contribution rates to environmental impacts in carbon footprint perspective (5,946,702.47 kg of emissions per year). The final disposal stage in landfills had also contributed significantly to environmental impact rates, followed by the waste collection scenario. The proposed changes, suggested by alternative scenarios, had demonstrate considerable environmental savings, hereby justifying the importance of implementing these strategies in waste management.  Keywords: Life Cycle Assessment. Environmental Impact. IWM-2. Solid Waste. Brazil.ResumoEste trabalho desenvolveu um estudo de Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida de um Sistema de Gerenciamento de Resíduos Sólidos na cidade de Santa Cruz do Sul-RS a fim de dar suporte a tomada de decisões para futuros cenários de gestão de resíduos. Para executar a Análise de Ciclo de Vida, foi utilizado o software Gerenciamento Integrado de Resíduos – 2 (IWM-2), Versão 2.5. Neste programa, as entradas e saídas referentes ao inventário do sistema de gerenciamento foram identificadas e quantificadas. A conversão dos resultados do Inventário de Ciclo de Vida para Análise do Ciclo de Vida em impactos ambientais foi realizada baseada na caracterização dos fatores de RECIPE 2008, versão 1.08. As categorias de impacto estudadas foram: Potencial de Formação de Oxidantes Fotoquímicos, Potencial de Aquecimento Global, Potencial de Acidificação, Potencial de Eutrofização, Potencial de Depleção da Camada de Ozônio e Potencial de Formação de Material Particulado além do Uso de Energia e Resíduos Sólidos Finais. O atual cenário de gerenciamento de resíduos foi simulado como base, considerando três cenários adicionais, os quais incluíam o aumento do número de famílias atendidas por coleta seletiva, melhoria na eficiência de recuperação da reciclagem na fase de triagem e introdução do estágio de tratamento biológico no sistema por compostagem de matéria orgânica. Os resultados mostraram que o cenário atual é o mais impactante para aquecimento global, com um total de 12,102,122.85 kg de emissões por ano, enquanto que o cenário 04 apresentou menores taxas de contribuição para esta categoria (5,946,702.47 kg de emissões por ano). A etapa de disposição final em aterros também contribuiu de forma significativa para a variação de impactos ambientais, seguido pela etapa de coleta de resíduo. As alterações propostas, sugeridas pelos cenários alternativos, demonstraram consideráveis melhorias ambientais, justificando a importância da implementação destas estratégias no gerenciamento de resíduos.  Palavras-chave: Análise do Ciclo de Vida. Impacto ao Meio Ambiente. IWM-2. Resíduo Sólido. Brasil.ResumenEste trabajo presenta los resultados del Análisis de Ciclo de Vida del Sistema de Gestión de Residuos Sólidos de la ciudad de Santa Cruz do Sul-RS-Brasil, para apoyar la toma de decisiones para futuros escenarios de la gestión de residuos. Para realizar el ACV fue utilizando el software de IWM, versión 2.5. En este programa, las entradas y salidas relativas al análisis del inventario fueron identificadas y cuantificadas. La conversión de los resultados del Inventario para la evaluación de los impactos se hizo con base en los factores de conversión RECIPE 2008 Versión 1.08. Las categorías de impacto estudiadas fueron: Potencial de formación de oxidantes fotoquímicos, calentamiento global, de acidificación, de eutrofización, de agotamiento de la capa de ozono, formación de material particulado, consumo de energía y los residuos sólidos final. El escenario actual fue simulado como valor de referencia. Otros tres escenarios fueron estudiados, los cuales incluyen el aumento del número de hogares con servicio de recogida selectiva de residuos, el aumento de la eficiencia de la etapa de separación de materiales reciclables y la introducción de la etapa de tratamiento biológico en sistema por medio del compostaje de la materia orgánica. Los resultados mostraron que el escenario actual es el más impactante en relación al potencial de calentamiento global, con un total de 12.102.122,85 kg equivalentes de CO2 de emisiones por año, mientras que el cuarto escenario mostró contribuciones más bajas para esta categoría (5.946.702,47 kg equivalentes de CO2 de emisiones por año). La etapa de la disposición final también contribuyó significativamente con los impactos ambientales, seguido de la etapa de recolección de residuos. Las modificaciones sugeridas y simuladas por los escenarios alternativos mostraron mejoras ambientales considerables, lo que justifica la importancia de implementar estas estrategias en la gestión de residuos.  Palabras clave: Análisis del Ciclo de Vida. Impacto al Medio Ambiente. IWM-2.5. Residuo Sólido. Brasil.

scholarly journals Investigation and Analysis of R463A as an Alternative Refrigerant to R404A with Lower Global Warming Potential

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1514
Author(s):  
Piyanut Saengsikhiao ◽  
Juntakan Taweekun ◽  
Kittinan Maliwan ◽  
Somchai Sae-ung ◽  
Thanansak Theppaya
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Transport Properties ◽  
Global Warming Potential ◽  
Cooling Capacity ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Thermodynamic And Transport Properties ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

This research presents the development of R463A refrigerant, a nonflammable refrigerant that was retrofitted to replace R404A. R463A is primarily composed of hydrofluorocarbons/hydrocarbons/carbon dioxide (HFCs/HCs/CO2), and has global-warming potential (GWP) of 1494. It is a nonazeotropic mixture of R32 (36%), R125 (30%), R134a (14%), R1234yf (14%), and R744 (6%). R463A is composed of polyol ester oil (POE), and it is classified as a Class A1 incombustible and nontoxic refrigerant. R463A has a higher cooling capacity (Qe) than that of R404A, as it is composed of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) R32 and carbon dioxide (CO2) R744, and has lower GWP than that of R404A due to the use of hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) from R1234yf. The results of this research showed that R463A can be retrofitted to replace R404A due to its composition of POE, Class A1 incombustibility, and lower toxicity. The properties of R463A and R404A, as analyzed using national institute of standards and technology (NIST) reference fluid thermodynamic and transport properties database (REFPROP) software and NIST vapor compression cycle model accounting for refrigerant thermodynamic and transport properties (CYCLE_D-HX) software, are in accordance with the CAN/ANSI/AHRI540 standards of the Air-Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute (AHRI). The normal boiling point of R463A was found to be higher than that of R404A by 23%, with a higher cooling capacity and a 63% lower GWP value than that of R404A. The critical pressure and temperature of R463A were found to be higher than those of R404A; it can be used in a high-ambient-temperature environment, has higher refrigerant and heat-rejection effects, and has lower GWP than that of R404A by 52% due to the HFOs from the R1234yf component. The cooling coefficient of performance (COPc) of R463A was found to be higher than that of R404A by 10% under low-temperature applications. R463A is another refrigerant option that is composed of 7% carbon dioxide (CO2), and is consistent with the evolution of fourth-generation refrigerants that contain a mixture of HFCs, HFOs, HCs, and natural refrigerants, which are required to produce a low-GWP, zero-ozone-depletion-potential (ODP), high-capacity, low-operating-pressure, and nontoxic refrigerant.

scholarly journals TEMPAT PEMBUANGAN AKHIR (TPA) KALIORI SEBAGAI WISATA EDUKASI DI KABUPATEN BANYUMAS DENGAN PENEKANAN DESAIN PADA PENGOLAHAN SEKUEN RUANG

Arsitektura ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Astya Jayanti Kurnia Santoso ◽  
MDE Purnomo ◽  
Sumaryoto Sumaryoto
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Sanitary Landfill ◽  
Waste Management System ◽  
Educational Tourism ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Order Sequence

<p><em>Tempat Pembuangan Akhir (TPA) Kaliori is one of landfills in Banyumas whose sanitary landfill system which is a well-planned waste management system. TPA Kaliori is one of the government's efforts in improving the waste management system in Indonesia. TPA Kaliori is initiated into educational tourism destination by Banyumas regent period 2013 – 2018</em><em>. </em><em>Educational tourism in TPA Kaliori is expected to be a means of education about waste. </em><em>To be presented</em><em> communicatively based on order/sequence is the key to well-delivered information. The issue is how to design waste management facilities as well as educational tourism with the sequence based in waste treatment process. The objective of this scheme is to get the design of TPA Kaliori as a facility for waste processing and educational tourism activities with an emphasis on designing sequence of spaces. The method used is a method of architectural design with an emphasis on the sequence of spaces. The results obtained, is the design of TPA Kaliori as waste treatment facilities and educational tourism with an emphasis on designing sequence of spaces.  The spaces are connected by a circulation that will automatically guide the user to follow a sequence.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><em> educational tourism, landfill, sequence of space, TPA Kaliori, waste management </em></p>

scholarly journals Agricultural relations of the increasing carbon dioxide emissions

2017 ◽  
pp. 197-201
Author(s):  
Ágnes Törő ◽  
András Tamás ◽  
András Vántus ◽  
Tamás Rátonyi ◽  
Endre Harsányi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Co2 ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The One ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Global Cycle

Emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) have deserved more and more attention of humanity since decades, but inspite of theme asures already taken there are no substantial results. CO2 is a very important chemical, one of the greenhouse gases, which on the one hand offsets the cooling of the Earth, but on the other hand the too high CO2 emission leads to the global warming. The emission from the soil contributes substantially to the global cycle. This type of emission is influenced by the soil moisture, temperature, the soil quality and the cultivation. Through our measurements we have studied the relationships between the type of cultivation and the emissions of carbon dioxide.

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