scholarly journals MICROSTRUCTURE CHARACTERISTIC AND COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE USING SEA WATER AS MIXING WATER

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
erniati ◽  
muhammad wihardi tjaronge ◽  
Rudy Djamaluddin ◽  
Victor Sampebulu
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Self Compacting Concrete ◽  
Concrete Technology ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Microstructure Characteristics ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Microstructure Characteristic ◽  
Mixing Water

Indonesia is an archipelagic country which makes many areas doesn’t have qualified water as drinking water. As concrete construction building in the region has possibly minimum or non-existent amount of fresh water, the using of sea water in mixing concrete and curing concrete is unavoidable. The demand of water is getting more and more increasing in both the improvement of infrastructure development and the life need. In the concrete industry, several billion tons of water is used as water mixing, curing and cleaning every year. Therefore the use of sea water is not allowed. In fact, we know that seawater is one of the abundant natural resources. Due to this problem, the research on the use of sea water is very important owing to the saving of freshwater is seriously needed. This study uses sea water by combining effective and efficient concrete technology of Self Compacting Concrete (SCC). This paper is a part of ongoing research studying about microstructure characteristics and the strength of SCC using sea water. It discusses about the compressive strength, absorption and porosity as microstructure characteristics of SCC until the age of 28 days. The results are: (1) the seawater used as mixing water did not affect the development of the compressive strength of concrete, (2) the difference compressive strength of SCC-SS with SCC-FF at an early age is very high occurred at ages 1 and 3 days and (3) The higher the compressive strength value is, the smaller the absorption and porosity is in concrete.

scholarly journals Microstructure Characteristics of Self Compacting Concrete using Sea Water

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
erniati ◽  
muhammad wihardi tjaronge ◽  
Rudy Djamaluddin ◽  
Victor Sampebulu
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Concrete Strength ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Self Compacting Concrete ◽  
Microstructure Characteristics ◽  
Dense Microstructure ◽  
Water Curing ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mixing Water

In the cycle of life, the needs of freshwater more and more. Infrastructure development is increasing. On the concrete industry, several billion tones of water used in earth as mixing water, treatment water (curing) and cleaner water every year, where using of sea water is obstructed. For that, the using of sea water which consists of 97% of the total water on earth is absolutelynecessary. Self-compacting concrete (SCC) has dense microstructure. Knowledge about the microstructure and properties of each component a concrete and their relationship is useful to control the behavior. This research aims to know the relationship between compressive strength and microstructure characteristics of Self Compacting Concrete which using seawater up to the age of 90 days. The results of this study were the compressive strength of SCC using sea water is higher than the SCC using fresh water. Seawater does not reduce the strength of SCC concrete until the age of 90 days, but instead of Seawater is accelerating the development of SCC concrete strength at an early age. The compressive strength of concrete SCC is influenced by the phase microstructure (especially with tobermorite and portlandite) formed in the concrete.

scholarly journals WORKABILTY AND COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE USE SEAWATER AS MIXING WATER

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
erniati ◽  
muhammad wihardi tjaronge ◽  
Rudy Djamaluddin ◽  
Victor Sampebulu
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Fresh Concrete ◽  
Self Compacting Concrete ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Filling Ability ◽  
Compressive Strength Test ◽  
Passing Ability ◽  
Water Measurement ◽  
Mixing Water

Self-compacting Concrete (SCC) is one of concrete technological innovation which effective and efficient. SCC has properties of high fluidity and so that is able to flow past the reinforcement without any segregation of material and fill the spaces in the mold little or without compaction process. Workability of fresh concrete can be said as SCC if qualified filling ability, passing ability and segregation resistance. The aim of this study was to determine the workability and compressive strength of the SCC using seawater as mixing water. Measurement of workability on fresh concrete used EFNARC standard which includes were slump flow test, V-funnel and L-box. Compressive strength test of concrete used ASTM standard 39 / C 39M – 99. The test conducted at the age of 1, 3, 7, and 28 days. The results showed that the workability of fresh concrete using sea water as mixing water qualified as SCC. Compressive strength of SCC using seawater as mixing water had a high compressive strength at an early age compared with SCC using fresh water. This paper is a part of ongoing research studying about microstructure characteristics and the strength of SCC using sea water.

scholarly journals THE SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE (SCC) USING SEAWATER AS MIXING WATER WITHOUT CURING

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erniati Bachtiar
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Splitting Tensile Strength ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Working Process ◽  
Self Compacting Concrete ◽  
Concrete Building ◽  
Mixing Water

The number of problems found in the construction world includes the difficulty or lack of fresh water in some areas to be mixed in the concrete, negligence in the maintenance of concrete and working process of concrete mainly on the concrete structures have a complex reinforcement and high concrete building structures. This study aims to find out the compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, absorption, and porosity of Self Compacting Concrete (SCC) using sea water as mixing water and with or without curing in sea water. The test specimens were made for each test specimen withthe variation on age 1 day, 3 days, 7 days, 28 days and 90 days. The test method of compressive strength according to ASTM 39/C 39M-12a standard, tensile strength according to ASTM C496 / C496M-11 standard and the porosity and absorption according to ASTM C642-13 standard. The result of research was 1) the decrease in compressive strength in the specimen SCC-SWC was from 3 days, 7 days, 28 days and 90 days consecutive 13.20%, 12.90%, 12.80%, and 12.50%; 2) the decreases in splitting tensile strength in the specimen SCC-SWC were from the age of 3 days, 7 days, 28 days until the age of 90 days consecutive by 3.10%, 8.05%, 9.51%, and 9.21%; 3) the increase in the porosity values on the specimenSCC seawater without cured in sea water (SCC-SWC) at age 3 days, 7 days, 28 days and 90 days was 2.86%, 7.90%,5.86%, and 5.55%, respectively; 4) the increase in the absorption values on the specimen SCC without curing at 3 days, 7 days, 28 days and 90 days was 15.80%, 20.57%, 15.84%, and 30.80%, respectively. The increase in mechanical properties (compressive strength and tensile strength) in the both of the specimen SCC-SC and SCC-SWC along with the decrease of porosity and absorption. Conversely, the decrease of compressive strength and tensile strength in the both of the specimen SCC-SC and SCC-SWC along with the increase in porosity and absorption value in the SCC

Porosity and Microstructure Phase of Self Compacting Concrete Using Sea Water as Mixing Water and Curing

2015 ◽  
Vol 1119 ◽  
pp. 647-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erniati ◽  
M.W. Tjaronge ◽  
Victor Sampebulu ◽  
Rudy Djamaluddin
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Self Compacting Concrete ◽  
Minimum Quantity ◽  
Microstructure And Properties ◽  
Dense Microstructure ◽  
Friedel’S Salt ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Mixing Water

In Indonesia, several regions have a minimum quantity or none of fresh water. Self Compacting Concrete (SCC) has a dense microstructure. Knowledge about the microstructure and properties of the individual components of concrete have a relationship that is useful for controlling the behavior of concrete. Porosity and microstructure SCC using sea water as mixing water and curing water discussed in this paper. The results showed the higher the compressive strength of SCC sea water is getting smaller porosity. Porosity on the SCC decreases with increasing quantities of microstructure phase tobermorite (CSH), portlandite (CH), Friedel's salt and ettringite.

scholarly journals Utilization of Sea Water to Production of Concrete in Terms of Mechanical Behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 921 (1) ◽  
pp. 012068
Author(s):  
Mansyur ◽  
A A Amiruddin ◽  
H Parung ◽  
M W Tjaronge ◽  
M Tumpu
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
No Formation ◽  
Friedel’S Salt ◽  
Immersion Period ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mixing Water

Abstract Supplies of fresh water in everyday life has increased, but the smaller the potential sources of water so we need to think of alternative uses of water for concrete construction work. This study aims to compare the compressive strength of concrete using sea water and fresh water with water cement ratio of 0.37. An experimental research was conducted by making specimens of concrete cylinder with a diameter of 150 mm and height of 300 mm. The study used specimens of concrete using sea water and fresh water. There were 32 specimens for each kind of concrete. The treatment of each specimen used sea water and fresh water in accordance with the type of mixing water. The immersion periods were 1, 3, 7 and 28 days. Mechanical testing of concrete was conducted by testing the compressive strength and elasticity, while the testing of concrete microstructure was conducted by using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scan Electron Microscopy (SEM). The results revealed that in the 28-day immersion period. The compressive strength values of the sea water concrete and fresh water concrete were 44.88 MPa and 44.03 Mpa respectively. The difference of compressive strength in the two types of concrete was not significant. The result of microstructure test in the 28-day period revealed that in the sea water concrete, there was a formation of Friedel’s salt (3CaO.Al2O3.CaCl2.10H2O) of 7.71%, tobemorite (3CaO.2SiO2.3H2O) of 58.66% and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) of 6.18%. In the fresh water concrete, there was a formation of tobermorite (3CaO.2SiO2.3H2O) of 51.35%, and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) of 22%. There was no formation of Friedel’s salt in the fresh water concrete because there was no mutual reaction between chloride and calcium hydroxide elements. From the regression analysis, showed that the difference of microstructure compressive strength differences caused by differences in the microstructure of the content of the two types of concrete.

scholarly journals Porosity, pore size and compressive strength of self compacting concrete using sea water

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
erniati ◽  
muhammad wihardi tjaronge ◽  
Ulva ria irfan
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Concrete Compressive Strength ◽  
Self Compacting Concrete ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
Compressive Strength Test ◽  
Mixing Water

Indonesia is the largest archipelago in the world, so it has much territory that the quality of the source water is not qualified as mixing water in construction. Besides, construction of concrete in areas that are likely quantity of water or fresh water is very minimal or even nothing then the sea water cannot be avoided in mixing concrete. This research was an experimental study, the samples for compressive strength test are cylindrical premises size of 10 mm×20 mm. The porosity relation, compressive power, age and model of porosity relationship with SCC concrete compressive strength which using sea water is discussed in this paper. Compressive strength testing is following the standard ASTM 39/C 39-99. Universal Testing Machine (UTM) was used in the testing of compressive strength. A test specimen for porosity created by taking part of the cylinder and then slashed with a size of approximately 2 cm×3 cm with a 0.003 mm thick. The type and pore size and porosity were analyzed by using a polarizing petrography microscope Olympus BX 51-P. The result of the research was increased the compressive strength and density of microstructures in line with the decrease in porosity and pore size of concrete and concrete age. Compressive strength relations (σ ss ) and porosity (p ss ) the SCC used seawater can be approximated equation σ ss = σ o (1-p)K, with σ o = 119.6 and K = 7.502.

Treated Effluent in Concrete Technology

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soon Lee Ooi ◽  
Mohd Razman Salim ◽  
Mohammad Ismail ◽  
Md. Imtiaj Ali
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Concrete Technology ◽  
Water Quality Control ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Compressive Strength Test ◽  
Direct Discharge ◽  
Mixing Water

In this paper, the feasibility of using treated effluent for concrete mixing was studied. Treated effluent from sewage treatment plants in Malaysia is currently being wasted through direct discharge into waterways. With proper water quality control, this treated effluent can also be considered as a potential water resource for specific applications. Two tests were carried out namely compressive strength test and setting time to determine the feasibility of using treated effluent for concrete mixing. The results were compared against the test conducted on control specimens which used potable water. The results showed that treated effluent increases the compressive strength and setting time when compared with potable water. Key words: treated effluent; mixing water; compressive strength; setting time; concrete technology.

scholarly journals Influence of polypropylene fiber on early strength of self-compacting concrete

2019 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 01020
Author(s):  
Rahmi Karolina ◽  
Abdiansyah Putra Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Polypropylene Fiber ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Polypropylene Fibers ◽  
Self Compacting Concrete ◽  
Concrete Technology ◽  
Early Strength

One of the development of concrete technology in construction’s world is Self-Compacting Concrete. Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) is an innovative concrete that able to “flow” and condensed by gravity and its own weight with little vibration or even without a vibration device at all. However, these concrete still have deficiencies like general concrete that is weak to tensile. To increase the tensile strength of the concrete is by adding fiber into the mix. One type of fiber that can be used as an additive to the mix is Polypropylene fibers. This study aims to determine the effect of adding polypropylene fibers to the mechanical properties and characteristics of SCC concrete and to know the optimal polypropylene fiber content in the manufacture of Self Compacting Concrete. Fiber addition variations are 0 kg / m3; 0.25 kg / m3; 0.5 kg / m3 and 0.75 kg / m3. The result of the research showed that the variation of 0.5 kg / m3 and 0.75 kg / m3 addition of fibers didn’t fulfill the requirements to be categorized as a SCC concrete. The results of hard concrete test showed the highest compressive strength that is on the SCC PP concrete of 22.31 MPa at the age of 1 day and 46.24 at the age of 28 days. The highest strength is on the SCC 0.25 PP concrete of 6.52 MPa at the age of 1 day and 10.07 at the age of 28 days. The highest flexural strength is on the SCC 0.25 PP concrete of 6.76 at the age of 1 day and 8.60 at the age of 28 days.

Compressive Strength and Hydration Process of Self Compacting Concrete (SCC) Mixed with Sea Water, Marine Sand and Portland Composite Cement

2014 ◽  
Vol 935 ◽  
pp. 242-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Wihardi Tjaronge ◽  
Rita Irmawaty ◽  
Sakti Adji Adisasmita ◽  
Arwin Amiruddin ◽  
Hartini
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Hydration Process ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Self Compacting Concrete ◽  
Composite Cement ◽  
Static Modulus ◽  
Marine Sand

In order to eliminate the main problems of clean water shortage and fine aggregate in the low land areas and the distant islands, it is purpose to utilized the sea water, marine sand and Portland composite cement to produce the high performance Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC), where Portland composite cement containing of fly ash. The evaluation result on the mix design, workability (slump flow, segregation), mechanical properties (compressive strength-static modulus) and hydration process of SCC were discussed.

scholarly journals PENGUJIAN KUAT TEKAN BETON TERHADAP PENGGUNAAN CANGKANG KEMIRI PADA BETON RAMAH LINGKUNGAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Johan Oberlyn Simanjuntak ◽  
Tiurma Elita Saragi ◽  
Nurvita Insani Simanjuntak ◽  
Imesari Hulu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Concrete Mixture ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Concrete Compressive Strength ◽  
Normal Concrete ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Test Objects

One of the factors of economic growth is the development of infrastructure to encourage the creation of various activities. Concrete becomes an important part in the process of infrastructure development. For the concrete mixture, gravel is the most important part for concrete constituents. The limitation of gravel in nature led to the creation of various studies to replacement solutions for the use of gracel in concrete mixtures.Candlenut shell is one of the waste is not getting attention in its uses. Department of Plantation North Sumatera Province recorded the candlenut production in North Sumatera in 2019 reached 13,529.40 tons. The study aims for replace some of the gravel in the concrete mixture by using a candle nut shell. The variety of concrete mixture with candle nut is 10%, 20% and 30%. Testing was conducted on concrete ages 7 days, 14 days, 21 days and 28 days aimed at finding the difference between normal concrete compressive strength without additional candlenut shells and concrete with additional candlenut shells. The result shows that there was a decrease in the values of concrete compressive strength for each group of test objects. The decrease is due to the candlenut shell having higher and water absorption compared to gravel.

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