Volcanologists - Who are we and where are we going?

Equality, diversity and inclusivity (EDI) are principles all scientific groups and organisations should strive to achieve as they secure working conditions, policies and practices that not only promote high-quality scientific output but also well-being in their communities. In this article, we reflect on the progress of EDI in volcanology by presenting data related to memberships of international volcanology organisations, positions on volcanology committees, volcanology awards and lead-authorship on volcanology papers. The sparse demographic data available means our analysis focuses mainly on gender identity discrimination, but we also show that discrimination related to ethnicity, sexual orientation, religion, physical ability and socio-economic background is also occurring, with the intersection of these discriminations further exacerbating marginalisation within the volcanology community. We share suggestions and recommendations from other disciplines on how individuals, research groups and organisations can promote, develop, and implement new initiatives to call out and tackle discrimination and advance EDI in the volcanological community.

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Experiences with sexual orientation and gender identity conversion therapy practices among sexual minority men in Canada, 2019–2020

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0252539 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (6) ◽

pp. e0252539

Author(s):

Travis Salway ◽

Stephen Juwono ◽

Ben Klassen ◽

Olivier Ferlatte ◽

Aidan Ablona ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sexual Orientation ◽

Gender Identity ◽

Ethnic Minorities ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Conversion Therapy ◽

Gender Minority ◽

Sexual And Gender Minority ◽

Minority Men ◽

And Gender ◽

Racial Ethnic

Background “Conversion therapy” practices (CTP) are organized and sustained efforts to avoid the adoption of non-heterosexual sexual orientations and/or of gender identities not assigned at birth. Few data are available to inform the contemporary prevalence of CTP. The aim of this study is to quantify the prevalence of CTP among Canadian sexual and gender minority men, including details regarding the setting, age of initiation, and duration of CTP exposure. Methods Sexual and gender minority men, including transmen and non-binary individuals, aged ≥ 15, living in Canada were recruited via social media and networking applications and websites, November 2019—February 2020. Participants provided demographic data and detailed information about their experiences with CTP. Results 21% of respondents (N = 9,214) indicated that they or any person with authority (e.g., parent, caregiver) ever tried to change their sexual orientation or gender identity, and 10% had experienced CTP. CTP experience was highest among non-binary (20%) and transgender respondents (19%), those aged 15–19 years (13%), immigrants (15%), and racial/ethnic minorities (11–22%, with variability by identity). Among the n = 910 participants who experienced CTP, most experienced CTP in religious/faith-based settings (67%) or licensed healthcare provider offices (20%). 72% of those who experienced CTP first attended before the age of 20 years, 24% attended for one year or longer, and 31% attended more than five sessions. Interpretation CTP remains prevalent in Canada and is most prevalent among younger cohorts, transgender people, immigrants, and racial/ethnic minorities. Legislation, policy, and education are needed that target both religious and healthcare settings.

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A Mixed-Methods Examination of the Unique Associations of Gender-Sexuality Alliance Involvement and Family Support on Bravery in Sexual and Gender Minority Youth

Journal of Adolescent Research ◽

10.1177/0743558420933226 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 074355842093322

Author(s):

Christopher J. Ceccolini ◽

V. Paul Poteat ◽

Jerel P. Calzo ◽

Hirokazu Yoshikawa ◽

Kasey Meyer

Keyword(s):

Sexual Orientation ◽

Mixed Methods ◽

Gender Identity ◽

Family Support ◽

Well Being ◽

Minority Youth ◽

Gender Minority ◽

Sexual And Gender Minority ◽

And Gender ◽

Heterosexual Youth

Research among sexual and gender minority (SGM) youth has suggested associations between Gender-Sexuality Alliance (GSA) involvement and better health. Emergent research has similarly demonstrated associations between family support and general well-being among SGM youth. However, the trait of bravery has received little attention in this literature, despite its relevance for youth in marginalized positions. We examined the association between level of GSA involvement, family support, and bravery among GSA members ( n = 295; Mage = 16.07), and whether those associations differed based on sexual orientation or gender identity. We then conducted one-on-one interviews with SGM youth ( n = 10), to understand how they understood bravery and experienced support in both GSA and family contexts. Greater GSA involvement significantly predicted greater bravery for all youth, whereas greater family support predicted greater bravery only for heterosexual youth. No significant moderation was found for gender minority youth. Our qualitative findings clarified how SGM youth conceptualized bravery and how they experienced it within their GSA and family settings. GSAs were associated with more frequent displays of explicit support for SGM identity, while families were perceived as providing less explicit support.

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Gender identity and sexual orientation in autism spectrum disorder

Autism ◽

10.1177/1362361317714587 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 22 (8) ◽

pp. 970-982 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Rita George ◽

Mark A Stokes

Keyword(s):

Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽

Sexual Orientation ◽

Gender Identity ◽

Gender Dysphoria ◽

Gender Diversity ◽

Autistic Traits ◽

Well Being ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Spectrum Disorder ◽

Typically Developing

Clinical impressions indicate that there is an overrepresentation of gender-dysphoria within the autism spectrum disorder. However, little is presently known about the demographics of gender-identity issues in autism spectrum disorder. Based upon what little is known, we hypothesized that there would be an increased prevalence of gender-dysphoria among those with autism spectrum disorder compared to a typically developing population. We surveyed gender-dysphoria with the Gender-Identity/Gender-Dysphoria Questionnaire among 90 males and 219 females with autism spectrum disorder and compared these rates to those of 103 males and 158 females without autism spectrum disorder. When compared to typically developing individuals, autistic individuals reported a higher number of gender-dysphoric traits. Rates of gender-dysphoria in the group with autism spectrum disorder were significantly higher than reported in the wider population. Mediation analysis found that the relationship between autistic traits and sexual orientation was mediated by gender-dysphoric traits. Results suggest that autism spectrum disorder presents a unique experience to the formation and consolidation of gender identity, and for some autistic individuals, their sexual orientation relates to their gender experience. It is important that clinicians working with autism spectrum disorder are aware of the gender-diversity in this population so that the necessary support for healthy socio-sexual functioning and mental well-being is provided.

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Life under COVID-19 for LGBT+ people in the UK: systematic review of UK research on the impact of COVID-19 on sexual and gender minority populations

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050092 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. e050092

Author(s):

Victoria J McGowan ◽

Hayley J Lowther ◽

Catherine Meads

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Sexual Orientation ◽

Gender Identity ◽

Well Being ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Gender Minority ◽

Sexual And Gender Minority ◽

And Gender ◽

The Impact ◽

Health And Well Being

ObjectiveTo systematically review all published and unpublished evidence on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health and well-being of UK sexual and gender minority (LGBT+; lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, non-binary, intersex and queer) people.MethodsAny relevant studies with or without comparator were included, with outcomes of: COVID-19 incidence, hospitalisation rates, illness severity, death rates, other health and well-being. Six databases (platforms) were searched—CINAHL Plus (Ovid), Cochrane Central (Cochrane Library), Medline (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), Science Citation Index (Web of Science) and Scopus between 2019 and 2020 in December 2020, using synonyms for sexual and gender minorities and COVID-19 search terms. Data extraction and quality assessment (using the relevant Joanna Briggs checklist) were in duplicate with differences resolved through discussion. Results were tabulated and synthesis was through narrative description.ResultsNo published research was found on any outcomes. Eleven grey literature reports found to be of low quality were included, mostly conducted by small LGBT+ charities. Only four had heterosexual/cisgender comparators. Mental health and well-being, health behaviours, safety, social connectedness and access to routine healthcare all showed poorer or worse outcomes than comparators.ConclusionsLack of research gives significant concern, given pre-existing health inequities. Social and structural factors may have contributed to poorer outcomes (mental health, well-being and access to healthcare). Paucity of evidence is driven by lack of routinely collected sexual orientation and gender identity data, possibly resulting from institutional homophobia/transphobia which needs to be addressed. Men are more at risk of serious illness from COVID-19 than women, so using data from trans women and men might have started to answer questions around whether higher rates were due to sex hormone or chromosomal effects. Routine data collection on sexual orientation and gender identity is required to examine the extent to which COVID-19 is widening pre-existing health inequalities.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020224304.

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Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity and Gender Expression-Based Violence in Catalan Universities: Qualitative Findings from University Students and Staff

10.21203/rs.3.rs-97327/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Elena Maria Gallardo Nieto ◽

Aitor Gómez González ◽

Regina Gairal-Casadó ◽

Maria del Mar Ramis Salas

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Sexual Orientation ◽

Gender Identity ◽

University Students ◽

Well Being ◽

Two Dimensions ◽

Gender Expression ◽

Wide Range ◽

And Gender

Abstract BackgroundHate crimes have raised in Spain and the gender and sexuality-based conflict persist worldwide which leads to this problem having an effect on health and wellbeing. Following a focus of transforming Higher Education Institutions (HEI), this research focusses on analysing how this problem affects undergraduate students in six Spanish universities. The goal of this study is to improve the quality of life of LGBTQI+ University students, breaking the silence that exists about the violence that this group suffer in Catalonia, Spain.MethodsFollowing the Communicative Methodology, this study has identified violence based on sexual orientation, gender identity or expression in the target universities and provided guidelines to improve anti-discrimination protocols. A qualitative method has reached experiences of university students, heads of equality commissions, professors and administrative staff regarding this conflict. Focussing on the qualitative research tools, 30 half-structured interviews were conducted with university students, staff and professors around issues related to LGBTQI-phobic violence: 1) perception of violence and discrimination, 2) institutional measures, 3) actions against violence. An analysis of exclusionary and transformative dimensions was used to identify emergent themes. ResultsWe have identified two dimensions for the analysis: exclusionary -those that maintain the problem-, and transformative, -those that contribute to transform the problem of LGBTQI-phobia-. On the one hand, exclusionary facts have been described by participants in the study as a wide range of forms of violence against the LGBTQI+ community perpetrated at university, mainly verbal and psychological. Moreover, equality commissions have not received reports of LGBTQI-phobic violence, and university staff and professors show certain unfamiliarity regarding measures and politics to prevent and intervene in cases of violence on the grounds of sexual orientation, gender identity and gender expression. On the other hand, in the study of variables that contribute to overcoming this conflict, actions of LGBTQI groups against violence and the professors’ commitment to intervene show relevant changes in student’s wellbeing. An improvement and implementation of anti-discrimination protocols with mandatory measures has also been documented.ConclusionsFindings highlight the need for evidence that contributes to the improvement of protocols, measures and politics to protect the LGBTQI community at university. A better understanding of violence based on sexual orientation, gender identity and gender expression in HEI’s may guide national and international governments to improve the LGBTQI collectives’ health and well-being. This study provides relevant information regarding this pressing challenge and presents an important impact achieved contributing to the improvement of the quality of life of the LGBTQI+ community.Trial registrationNot applicable

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Sexual orientation, gender identity and gender expression-based violence in Catalan universities: qualitative findings from university students and staff

Archives of Public Health ◽

10.1186/s13690-021-00532-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 79 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Elena María Gallardo-Nieto ◽

Aitor Gómez ◽

Regina Gairal-Casadó ◽

María del Mar Ramis-Salas

Keyword(s):

Sexual Orientation ◽

Gender Identity ◽

University Students ◽

Life Quality ◽

Well Being ◽

Two Dimensions ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Gender Expression ◽

Wide Range ◽

And Gender

Abstract Background Hate crimes have raised in Spain and the gender and sexuality-based conflicts persist worldwide which leads to this problem having an effect on health and wellbeing. Following a focus of transforming Higher Education Institutions, this research analysed the problem that affects undergraduate students in six Spanish universities. The research goal is to improve the life quality of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer and intersex university students, breaking the silence that exists around the violence that this group suffer in Catalonia, Spain. Methods Following the Communicative Methodology, this study has identified violence based on sexual orientation, gender identity or gender expression in the target universities and provided guidelines to improve anti-discrimination protocols. A qualitative method has reached experiences of university students, heads of equality commissions, professors and administrative staff regarding this conflict. Focussing on the qualitative research tools, 30 semi-structured interviews were conducted with university students and staff around issues related to the violence against lesbian, gay, bisexual transgender, queer and intersex students: 1) perception of violence and discrimination, 2) institutional measures, 3) actions against violence. An analysis of exclusionary and transformative dimensions was used to identify emergent themes. Results We have identified two dimensions for the analysis given their impact in contributing or overcoming violence: exclusionary and transformative. A wide range of forms of violence on the grounds of sexual orientation, gender identity and gender expression perpetrated at universities have been identified as exclusionary facts and described by participants in the study. Equality commissions have not received reports of violence based on sexual orientation, gender identity or gender expression, and university staff shows certain unfamiliarity regarding the measures and politics to prevent and intervene in cases of violence against the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer and intersex community. Among the results identified as transformative are the ways through which actions of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer and intersex groups against violence and the professors’ commitment to intervene have a relevant impact on student’s wellbeing. An improvement and implementation of anti-discrimination protocols with mandatory applicability has also been documented. Conclusions Findings highlight the need of collecting more evidence that contributes to the improvement of protocols, measures and politics to protect all the members of the university community. A better understanding of violence based on sexual orientation, gender identity and gender expression in HEI’s may guide national and international governments to improve the health and well-being of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer and intersex persons.

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Enumerated U.S. State Laws

Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, and Schooling ◽

10.1093/med:psych/9780199387656.003.0015 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 255-271

Author(s):

Stephen T. Russell ◽

Stacey S. Horn ◽

Raymond L. Moody ◽

Amanda Fields ◽

Elizabeth Tilley

Keyword(s):

Sexual Orientation ◽

Gender Identity ◽

Well Being ◽

Policy Advocacy ◽

Fiscal Impact ◽

State Laws ◽

Key Informants ◽

Effective Strategies ◽

Organization Strategy ◽

And Gender

There is strong recent evidence that enumerated anti-bullying and nondiscrimination policies are an important foundation for promoting school policies that support the well-being of LGBTQ and all students. To understand factors associated with the passage of US state laws that included sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) in status enumeration, the authors conducted interviews with 33 key informants who were involved in policy advocacy in states with different policy enumeration outcomes. In addition to questions about strategies used in policy advocacy, results illuminate specific effective strategies and the conditions for successful SOGI policy advocacy. Key themes related to SOGI policy advocacy across the states under consideration included the relevance and response to a state’s distinct legislative climate and history, avoidance of fiscal impact of proposed legislation, coordinated and consistent communication and messaging, and the relevance of distinct approaches to the organization, strategy, and leadership for policy advocacy.

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Nyugdíjas orvosok helyzete Magyarországon – országos, reprezentatív felmérés eredményei alapján

Orvosi Hetilap ◽

10.1556/650.2016.30510 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 157 (43) ◽

pp. 1729-1736

Author(s):

Zsuzsa Győrffy ◽

Zsuzsanna Szél ◽

Edmond Girasek

Keyword(s):

Working Conditions ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Well Being ◽

Work Status ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Important Challenge ◽

Gender Perspectives ◽

Mental Well Being ◽

Employment Data

Introduction: The aging population and the aging physician society is an important challenge of the New Millenium. Despite this, very few publications are dealing with the older generations’ physical and mental well-being, quality of life and working conditions. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe the retired physicians populations’ (n = 2112) demographic data, work status, income and health status. Method: Data of this representative, cross-sectional epidemiological study was obtained from online and paper-based questionnaires completed by 2112 retired physicians. Results: The retired physicians’ average age is 72 years, nearly two-thirds of the respondents retired after 35–45 years of service. Currently, nearly 60% are working, almost a quarter of them more than 40 hours per week. 35% of the respondents’ income is below HUF 150,000. On this issue, significant differences emerge between female doctors and their male colleagues. Conclusions: The employment data of the results is consistent with the international trend, but the gender perspectives has unique significance in the international literature. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(43), 1729–1736.

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Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, and Schooling

10.1093/med:psych/9780199387656.001.0001 ◽

2016 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Keyword(s):

Sexual Orientation ◽

Gender Identity ◽

Case Studies ◽

Educational Practice ◽

Well Being ◽

Research Practice ◽

Policy And Practice ◽

Lgbt Students ◽

The World ◽

Vantage Points

Studies of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) youth show them to be at risk for some of the greatest difficulties experienced by adolescents: many of those problems have been traced directly to negative experiences in schooling. After more than a decade of research focused on the experiences of LGBT students in schools, a new generation of studies has begun to identify characteristics of schools that are associated with inclusion and safety for LGBT students, including practices and policies that are associated with positive school climate and student well-being. This book brings together contributions from a diverse group of researchers, policy analysts, and education practitioners from around the world to synthesize the implications for practice and policy of contemporary research on sexual orientation, gender identity, and schooling. It draws from multiple disciplinary perspectives and field vantage points and represents perspectives from around the world and from diverse sociocultural contexts. Included are syntheses of key areas of research relevant to SOGI issues in schooling, reviews and examples of new models and approaches for educational practice from around the world, case studies of innovative analyses or reflections on approaches to transformational policy and practice, specific examples of the application of research to change practice and policy, and case studies of efforts that take place at the nexus of research, practice, and policy. The fundamental goal of the book is to advance SOGI social justice through strengthening the relationship between research, practice, and policy to support LGBT students and schools.

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