scholarly journals Lump formation in Filtration and Drying of Particulate APIs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajinkya Pandit ◽  
Gavin Walker
Keyword(s):  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Porous Solids ◽  
Subsequent Stage ◽  
Continuous Processing ◽  
Separation And Purification ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Unit Operations ◽  
Fundamental Cause ◽  
Solid Form

Crystallization, filtration and drying are important separation and purification unit operations in the pharmaceutical and speciality chemical industries. Continuous processing technologies have emerged as a promising alternative to the more conventional batch processing. Previous studies primarily focus on crystallization and as a result subsequent stage of filtration and drying are overlooked. In the present short communication, a phenomenological parallel is drawn with the drying of porous solids, studies for which are relatively widely reported. Such analysis helps to identify, the fundamental cause for lump formation, and possible mitigation strategies. Based on the postulated physical scenario, two prototype designs to intensify continuous operation of filtration and drying units are discussed. The prototype solutions could make it possible to intensify or combine multiple stages of filtration, deliquoring, washing and drying thus enabling efficient continuous processing of solid form pharmaceutical and specialty chemicals.

scholarly journals An Integrated Approach for the Valorization of Cheese Whey

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 564
Author(s):  
Francisco J. Barba
Keyword(s):  
Cheese Whey ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Microbial Load ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Unit Operations ◽  
Safe Product ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Cheese Production

Taking into account the large amount of whey that is produced during the cheese production process and the constant demand by society for more sustainable processes, in accordance with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the circular economy concept, it is necessary to adapt two-unit operations into a single process, allowing us to not only valorize a part of the whey but the whole process, which is known as bioprocess integration. In this sense, the adaptation of different processes, for example, physicochemical (micro, ultra and nanofiltration) and fermentation, that are commonly used to obtain proteins, lactose and other compounds with different activities (antioxidant, antifungal, etc.) could be integrated to achieve a complete recovery of the cheese whey. Likewise, keeping in mind that one of the main drawbacks of cheese whey is the great microbial load, some innovative processing technologies, such as high hydrostatic pressures, electrotechnologies and ultrasound, can allow both the development of new foods from whey as well as the improvement of the nutritional and organoleptic properties of the final products prepared with cheese, and thus reducing the microbial load and obtaining a safe product could be incorporated in the cheese whey valorization process.

scholarly journals Non-Linear Enthalpy-Entropy Correlation for Nitrogen Adsorption in Zeolites

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 2978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Montserrat Delgado ◽  
Carlos Arean
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Linear Correlation ◽  
Variable Temperature ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Porous Solids ◽  
Separation And Purification ◽  
N2 Adsorption ◽  
Adsorption Enthalpy ◽  
Non Linear

The thermodynamics of dinitrogen adsorption in faujasite-type zeolites, Na-Y, Ca-Y and Sr-Y, were investigated by means of variable-temperature infrared spectroscopy, a technique that affords determination of the standard adsorption enthalpy (ΔH0) and entropy (ΔS0) from an analysis of the IR spectra recorded over a range of temperatures. The results obtained, taken together with previously reported values for N2 adsorption on protonic zeolites, revealed a non-linear correlation between ΔH0 and ΔS0. Implications of such a correlation for gas separation and purification by adsorption in porous solids are highlighted.

scholarly journals Separation and Purification of Aflatoxins by Centrifugal Partition Chromatography

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gábor Endre ◽  
Zsófia Hegedüs ◽  
Adiyadolgor Turbat ◽  
Biljana Škrbić ◽  
Csaba Vágvölgyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Stationary Phases ◽  
Partition Chromatography ◽  
Centrifugal Partition Chromatography ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Separation And Purification ◽  
Chromatographic Separations ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic

Aflatoxins are mycotoxins that are produced by several species of filamentous fungi. In the European Union, the concentration limits for this group of mycotoxins in food and feed products are very low (on the order of parts per billion). Thus, relatively high amounts of these substances in their pure forms are required as reference standards. Chromatographic techniques based on solid stationary phases are generally used to purify these molecules; however, liquid–liquid chromatographic separations may be a promising alternative. Therefore, this study proposes a liquid–liquid chromatographic method for the separation of four aflatoxins and impurities. To optimise the method, numerous biphasic solvent systems (chloroform-, acetone- and acetic acid-based systems) were tested and evaluated in terms of their effectiveness at partitioning aflatoxins; the toluene/acetic acid/water (30:24:50, v/v/v/%) system was found to be the most efficient for application in centrifugal partition chromatographic instrument. Using liquid–liquid instrumental separation, the four aflatoxins, namely B1 (400 mg), B2 (34 mg), G1 (817 mg) and G2 (100 mg), were successfully isolated with 96.3%–98.2% purity from 4.5 L of Aspergillus parasiticus fermented material in a 250 mL centrifugal partition chromatography column. The identities and purities of the purified components were confirmed, and the performance parameters of each separation step and the whole procedure was determined. The developed method could be effectively used to purify aflatoxins for analytical applications.

scholarly journals Next Generation Computing Using Quantum Dot Cellular Automata Nano Technology, New Promising Alternative to CMOS

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (S3) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Singathala Guru Viswadha
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Quantum Dot ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Cmos Technology ◽  
Electronic Interaction ◽  
Physical Point ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Quantum Dot Cellular Automata

CMOS technology is one of the most popular technology in the computer chip design industry and broadly used today to form integrated circuits in numerous and varied applications and it has transformed the field of electronics. Over the time the design methodologies and processing technologies of CMOS devices have greatest activity with the Moore’s law. Now CMOS technology has to face challenges to survive through the submicron ranges. The scaling in CMOS has reached higher limit, not only from technological and Physical point of view but also from economical and material aspects. This concept inspires the researches to look for new alternatives to CMOS which gives better performance and power consumption. One of the alternative technologies to digital designing in CMOS is the Quantum dot Cellular Automata (QCA). QCA is a technology it works on Electronic interaction between the cells. The QCA cell basically consists of Quantum dots separated by certain distance. The transmission of information done via the interaction between the Electrons present in these quantum dots. In this paper the limitations to CMOS in submicron range and concepts for designing in QCA have been discussed and also the building blocks are explained using QCA designer implementations with focus on cell interaction and clocking mechanism.

scholarly journals Quantitative Evaluation of Drug Distribution in Tablets of Various Structures via Raman Mapping

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Attila Farkas ◽  
Brigitta Nagy ◽  
György Marosi
Keyword(s):  
Hyperspectral Imaging ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Drug Distribution ◽  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient ◽  
Raman Mapping ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Continuous Processing ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Pharmaceutical Samples ◽  
Relative Standard

Hyperspectral imaging was applied to provide quantitative spatial information about pharmaceutical samples. The aim was to characterize the distribution of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in manufactured samples quantitatively. Two kind of API, imipramine and spironolactone were applied in three conventional and two continuous processing technologies. The homogeneity of distributions of 10% API was determined through Raman maps applying macropixel analysis method. Non-overlapping macropixel analysis (Poole-index) and calculation of distributional homogeneity indices (DHIs) were compared as a measure of homogeneity. Non-overlapping macropixel approach proved to be more sensible than DHI evaluation. For enhancing efficacy of DHI we suggest a correction by weighting scores and considering relative standard deviations. This way the capability of DHI can be improved significantly. The very slight differences between the continuous methods (the homogeneity of which are much higher than that of conventional technologies) could be quantified.

scholarly journals Metal-Organic Framework Membranes and Membrane Reactors: Versatile Separations and Intensified Processes

Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujie Ban ◽  
Na Cao ◽  
Weishen Yang
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Metal Organic Framework ◽  
Membrane Reactors ◽  
Porous Solids ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Process Strategy

Metal-organic frameworks are an emerging and fascinating category of porous solids that can be self-assembled with metal-based cations linked by organic molecules. The unique features of MOFs in porosity (or surface areas), together with their diversity for chemical components and architectures, make MOFs attractive candidates in many applications. MOF membranes represent a long-term endeavor to convert MOF crystals in the lab to potentially industry-available commodities, which, as a promising alternative to distillation, provide a bright future for energy-efficient separation technologies closely related with chemicals, the environment, and energy. The membrane reactor shows a typical intensified process strategy by combining the catalytic reaction with the membrane separation in one unit. This review highlights the recent process of MOF-based membranes and the importance of MOF-based membrane reactors in relative intensified chemical processes.

scholarly journals Oats as a Safe Alternative to Triticeae Cereals for People Sufferring from Celiac Disease?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klára Kosová ◽  
Václav Dvořáček
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Human Immune System ◽  
Safe Alternative ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Gluten Peptides ◽  
Gluten Content ◽  
Oat Cultivars

Oats represents a promising alternative to small-grain cereals from Triticeae group (wheat, barley, rye) for persons suffering from any form of gluten intolerance, especially celiac disease (CD), since oat-specific prolamins avenins reveal generally lower gluten content and immunoreactivity. Recent studies on avenin molecular structure revealed large genetic variability in avenin sequences affecting the spectrum of gluten peptides produced by hydrolases in human digestive tract. The aim of the present review is to summarise recent knowledge obtained in laboratory in vitro studies focused on the effect of avenin-derived peptides on reactivity of crucial components of human immune system such as dendritic cells (DC) and T-cells. The other part of the review summarises the results of clinical studies with CD patients including oat products in their diet. Since different clinical studies revealed contradictory results regarding potential safety of oats for CD patients, the focus has to be directed at genetic variability in oat avenins. Identification of avenin isoforms with minimum CD immunoreactivity will open up ways leading to designing novel oat cultivars suitable for CD patients. Knowledge on immunoreactivity of gluten peptides together with breeding new oat cultivars revealing minimum avenin immunoreactivity with respect to CD as well as application of food processing technologies leading to gluten content reduction should result in development of gluten-free oats safe for celiacs.

Influences of pH Buffers on the Growth of Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans and Biodesulfurization Efficiency

2013 ◽  
Vol 825 ◽  
pp. 508-511
Author(s):  
Xiao Rong Liu ◽  
Chang Su ◽  
Sheng Cai Jiang ◽  
Yan Jun Liu ◽  
Hui Li
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Separation ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Metal Sulfides ◽  
Acidithiobacillus Thiooxidans ◽  
Iron Ores ◽  
Hydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Disodium Hydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Effects Of Ph

More than 90% of metal sulfides in vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite concentrates in Panzhihua (China) are pyrrhotite. It is difficult to remove pyrrhotite from iron ores through conventional mineral processing technologies as magnetic separation and flotation. Desulfurization with the help of microorganisms is a promising alternative way relating to the implementation in dissolution. The effects of pH buffers on growth of Acidithiobacillusthiooxidans and biodesulfurization efficiency of vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite concentrates were investigated. 61.86% of sulfur can be removed from the concentrates after bioleaching for 15 days for a 10% pulp density. While 10% of citric-disodium hydrogen phosphate buffer was added into the solution, Acidithiobacillusthiooxidans grew significantly faster and the biodesulfurization rate was increased by 12.34%, accompanying with pH stabilised at ~ 3.0. Boruitan-Luobisen buffer was helpful to keep pH in a good situation, whereas it inhibited the growth of Acidithiobacillusthiooxidans seriously and brought down the biodesulfurization efficiency.

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