scholarly journals Development of Novel Porcine Models of Orthotopic Pancreatic Cancer for FUS and Histotripsy Tumor Ablation Applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irving Coy Allen ◽  
Eli Vlaisavljevich
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Cancer Survival ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Tumor Ablation ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
Clinical Models ◽  
Ultrasound Ablation ◽  
New Treatment

Despite significant progress in the fight against pancreatic cancer, survival rates are dismal and the prognosis remains bleak, with less than 7% of patients living longer than 5 years following diagnosis. There is a dire need for new treatment strategies and pre-clinical models to evaluate emerging therapeutic approaches. This interdisciplinary proposal will evaluate histotripsy, a non-ionizing and non-thermal ultrasound ablation method that destroys tissue through the precise control of acoustic cavitation, as a unique tumor ablation strategy in a novel orthotopic pig model of pancreatic cancer.

scholarly journals Emerging Natural-Product-Based Treatments for the Management of Osteoarthritis

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 265
Author(s):  
Maria-Luisa Pérez-Lozano ◽  
Annabelle Cesaro ◽  
Marija Mazor ◽  
Eric Esteve ◽  
Sabine Berteina-Raboin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Natural Product ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Cartilage Degradation ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Clinical Models ◽  
Osteoarthritic Joint ◽  
Dietary Components ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Review Current

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a complex degenerative disease in which joint homeostasis is disrupted, leading to synovial inflammation, cartilage degradation, subchondral bone remodeling, and resulting in pain and joint disability. Yet, the development of new treatment strategies to restore the equilibrium of the osteoarthritic joint remains a challenge. Numerous studies have revealed that dietary components and/or natural products have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-bone-resorption, and anabolic potential and have received much attention toward the development of new therapeutic strategies for OA treatment. In the present review, we provide an overview of current and emerging natural-product-based research treatments for OA management by drawing attention to experimental, pre-clinical, and clinical models. Herein, we review current and emerging natural-product-based research treatments for OA management.

Cancer Survival Is (Mostly) Improving

Pained ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 245-246
Author(s):  
Michael D. Stein ◽  
Sandro Galea
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
United States ◽  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Cancer Survival ◽  
Prostate Cancer Screening ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cervical Cancers

This chapter discusses how the 5-year survival rates for the most common cancers in the United States improved by nearly 20% since the 1970s. While promising overall, low survival rates persist for pancreatic, liver, lung, esophageal, brain, and many other cancers. Meanwhile, 5-year survival for uterine and cervical cancers worsened. Pancreatic cancer has the lowest 5-year survival rate at 8.2%. In contrast, prostate cancer had the greatest 5-year survival increase from 67.8% to 98.6%, most likely reflecting a substantial uptick in prostate cancer screening and early detection. Five-year survival with leukemia also improved significantly, from 34.2% to 60.6%, likely resulting from improved treatments. As such, in both detection and treatment, the United States is making progress. For the millions of Americans who face a cancer diagnosis, this is cause for hope.

Molecular Pathways of Ischemic Stroke and Advanced Therapeutic Strategies

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Preeti Singh
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Molecular Pathways ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Permanent Disability ◽  
Acute Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Tremendous Progress ◽  
New Treatment

Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death and permanent disability. This disease may affect any age group and especially in old age and pregnancy. All the responsible mechanisms are yet not completely understood. There is limited therapeutic intervention beyond prevention, yet tremendous progress in understanding cause of stroke at molecular level has been going on. A lot of advancement has occurred in the prevention and treatment of stroke during the past decade. In this review an update work of causeways of stroke and its therapeutic approaches have been discussed. The relevance of excitotoxicity (role of glutamate receptor), inflammation, ischemic penumbra, apoptosis, to delayed mechanisms and, damage and treatment strategies have been hasted out. Although the results among clinical studies, conflict regarding several experimental data of different therapies, and it may improve neurological outcome after acute cerebral ischemia. Along this several other interventions and new technologies such as stroke detector microwave helmet are being assessed and many other advanced techniques developed by researchers. Even the development of other novel and new treatment strategies (regarding molecular pathways and risk to benefit therapeutic ratio) for stroke are still required in future for better treatment.

scholarly journals Studying Pancreatic Cancer Stem Cell Characteristics for Developing New Treatment Strategies

10.3791/52801 ◽  
2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enza Lonardo ◽  
Michele Cioffi ◽  
Patricia Sancho ◽  
Shanthini Crusz ◽  
Christopher Heeschen
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cancer Stem Cell ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
New Treatment

Push to raise pancreatic cancer survival rates

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 7-7
Author(s):  
Christian Duffin
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Cancer Survival ◽  
Survival Rates

Marimastat as First-Line Therapy for Patients With Unresectable Pancreatic Cancer: A Randomized Trial

2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (15) ◽  
pp. 3447-3455 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Bramhall ◽  
A. Rosemurgy ◽  
P. D. Brown ◽  
C. Bowry ◽  
J. A.C. Buckels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Advanced Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Unresectable Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Significant Difference

PURPOSE: The prognosis for unresectable pancreatic cancer remains dismal (1-year survival rate, < 10%; 5-year survival rate, < 5%). Recent advances in conventional chemotherapy and novel molecular treatment strategies warrant investigation. This, the largest randomized study in pancreatic cancer performed to date, compares marimastat, the first of a new class of agents, with gemcitabine. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Four hundred fourteen patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer were randomized to receive marimastat 5, 10, or 25 mg bid or gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m2. The primary end point was survival. Progression-free survival, patient benefit, and safety were also assessed. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in survival between 5, 10, or 25 mg of marimastat and gemcitabine (P = .19). Median survival times were 111, 105, 125, and 167 days, respectively, and 1-year survival rates were 14%, 14%, 20%, and 19%, respectively. There was a significant difference in survival rates between patients treated with gemcitabine and marimastat 5 and 10 mg (P < .003). Both agents were well tolerated, although grade 3 or 4 toxicities were reported in 22% and 12% of the gemcitabine- and marimastat-treated patients, respectively. The major toxicity of marimastat was musculoskeletal (44% of marimastat patients, compared with 12% of gemcitabine patients; musculoskeletal toxicity was severe in only 8% of marimastat patients). CONCLUSION: The results of this study provide evidence of a dose response for marimastat in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. The 1-year survival rate for patients receiving marimastat 25 mg was similar to that of patients receiving gemcitabine. In view of the manageable tolerability of marimastat and its ease of administration, further studies are warranted.

Synergistic Interactions between GW8510 and Gemcitabine in an In Vitro Model of Pancreatic Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duygu Gencalp ◽  
Sevcan Atay ◽  
Hikmet H. Aydin ◽  
Handan Ak
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Control Cell ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Viability Analysis ◽  
Protein Levels

Background: One of the main reasons for the poor survival rates of pancreatic cancer patients is the development of gemcitabine resistance, indicating that novel treatment strategies that have the ability to improve gemcitabine sensitivity are in need to combat this devastating disease. Methods: TCGA PAAD data was used to determine the clinicopathological significance of high RRM2 (Ribonucleotide reductase subunit M2) expression for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The effects of GW8510 and gemcitabine on PANC-1 cell viability were determined using WST-8 assay. The potential synergistic interaction between GW8510 and gemcitabine was evaluated by the combination index (CI) analysis. The effects of GW8510 treatment on apoptosis, cell cycle, and cell migration, either in combination with gemcitabine or alone, were investigated. The effect of GW8510 on RRM2 protein levels was evaluated using ELISA assay. Results: RRM2 is significantly over-expressed in PDAC compared to healthy pancreatic tissues (p <0.0001). RRM2 mRNA expression was found to be significantly corralated with the overall survival rate of patients (HR=2.17 [1.44-3.27], p=0.00016) and the pathological stages of the disease (p=0.0054). GW8510 significantly decreased the RRM2 protein levels compared to the control. Cell viability analysis showed that GW8510 has a similar effect to gemcitabine in inhibiting PANC-1 cell viability. GW8510 was found to synergize with gemcitabine to inhibit PANC-1 cell viability and migration. However, the effects of GW8510 on PANC-1 cells could not be explained by induction of apoptosis or cell cycle arrest. Conclusion: Targeting RRM2 using GW8510 may have the potential to increase gemcitabine sensitivity in pancreatic cancer.

Repurposing auranofin as a Clostridioides difficile therapeutic

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie L Hutton ◽  
Havva Pehlivanoglu ◽  
Callum J Vidor ◽  
Meagan L James ◽  
Melanie J Thomson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Spore Production ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Gut Damage

Abstract Background Clostridioides difficile (previously Clostridium difficile) is the leading cause of nosocomial, antibiotic-associated diarrhoea worldwide. Currently, the gold standard of treatment for C. difficile infection (CDI) is vancomycin or metronidazole, although these antibiotics also perturb the protective resident microbiota, often resulting in disease relapse. Thus, an urgent need remains for the development of new treatment strategies. Auranofin is an FDA-approved oral antirheumatic drug that was previously shown to inhibit C. difficile vegetative cell growth, toxin production and spore production in vitro. Objectives To determine the efficacy of auranofin as a CDI therapeutic by examining the effect of treatment on toxin and spore production in vitro and in vivo, and on disease outcomes in mice. Methods C. difficile cultures were treated with auranofin and examined for effects on sporulation and toxin production by sporulation assay and ELISA, respectively. Mice were pretreated with auranofin prior to infection with C. difficile and monitored for physiological conditions, survival and gut damage compared with control animals. Faeces from mice were analysed to determine whether auranofin reduces sporulation and toxin production in vivo. Results Auranofin significantly reduces sporulation and toxin production under in vitro conditions and in infected mice in vivo. Mice treated with auranofin lost less weight, displayed a significant increase in survival rates and had significantly less toxin-mediated damage in their colon and caecum compared with control mice. Conclusions Auranofin shows promise as a prospective therapeutic option for C. difficile infections.

scholarly journals Current Opinion and Knowledge on Peritoneal Carcinomatosis: A Survey among a Swiss Oncology Network

Chemotherapy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Grass ◽  
David Martin ◽  
Michael Montemurro ◽  
Patrice Mathevet ◽  
Anita Wolfer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Current Opinion ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Case Vignettes ◽  
Colorectal Origin ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Practice Knowledge

Aims of the Study: The present survey aimed to evaluate current opinion and practice regarding peritoneal metastasis (PM), satisfaction with available treatment options, and need for new therapeutic approaches. Methods: This was a qualitative study conducted between October 2016 and October 2017 in the Réseau Suisse Romand d’Oncologie including 101 members of various oncological specialties. Participants’ demographics, current practice, knowledge, and satisfaction regarding available treatment options and need for new treatment options were assessed by semantic differential scales through 33 closed questions with automatic reminders at 4-, 8-, 12-, and 16-week intervals. Results: Twenty-seven participants (27%) completed the survey. Participants were gastrointestinal or gynecologic oncologists and surgeons. Most participants (67%) evaluated their knowledge on PM as moderate, while 22% considered themselves as experts. Clinical usefulness of systemic chemotherapy and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy was judged to be moderate to high for PM of ovarian and colorectal origin and moderate to poor for gastric origin. Satisfaction with available treatment options was 6/10 (interquartile range [IQR] 4–7) for ovarian, 5/10 (IQR 3–7) for colorectal, and 3/10 (IQR 1–3) for gastric PM. Treatment strategies varied widely for typical case vignettes. The need for new treatment modalities was rated as 8/10 (IQR 6–10). Conclusion: Usefulness of and satisfaction with available treatment options for PM were rated as moderate at best by oncological experts, and treatment strategies differed importantly among participants. There appears to be a clear need for standardization and new treatment modalities.

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