scholarly journals PERAN BAHASA INDONESIA DALAM KEMAJUAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN DI ERA GLOBAL

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fathunnisa

AbstrakBahasa merupakan sarana untuk berkomunikasi antar manusia yang berguna untuk memperoleh pemahaman dan pengetahuan. Bahasa mengantarkan manusia untuk memahami yang ada disekitarnya dan mengantarkan untuk memiliki pemahaman dan pengetahuan sehingga mempunyai keahlian khusus. Era Global ini manusia mendapat banyak pengaruh budaya asing yang masuk kesebuah negara. Era Global mempengaruhi banyak hal mulai dari gaya hidup, makanan, pola pikir dan masih banyak yang lainnya, termasuk bahasa. Bahasa yang semakin mendunia dan digunakan oleh semua manusia sebagai bahasa dunia yaitu bahasa Inggris. Bahasa Inggris merupakan bahasa dunia tetapi yang menjadi bahasa pertama dari sebuah negara yaitu bahasa negara itu sendiri. Bahasa Indonesia digunakan sebagai bahasa resmi negara, jati diri bahasa bergantung pada kemampuan bahasa dan keberhasilan mengembangkan bahasa itu sendiri. Bahasa Indonesia harus mampu menjadi bahasa ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi sebab saat ini informasi berkembang dengan sangat cepat.Kata Kunci: bahasa, era globalAbstractLanguage is a means of communicating between humans that are useful for gaining understanding and knowledge. Delivering the human language to understand that there are nearby and take to have the understanding and knowledge so that it has a particular expertise. This Global era of man got many foreign cultural influences that go into a new country. Global era influenced many things ranging from food, lifestyle, mindset and much more, including language. Language that is increasingly global and is used by all of man's world as a language that is the language of the United Kingdom. United Kingdom language is the language of the world but who become the first language of a country that is language itself. Indonesian Language is used as the official State language, language identity depends on the language skills and the success of developing language itself. Indonesian Language must be capable of being the language of science and technology: for the moment the information is evolving very fast.Keyword: languages, global era

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dian Ningsih

ABSTRAKBahasa adalah salah satu alat yang digunakan masyarakat untuk berkomunikasi. Bahasa selalu mengalami perkembangan dari waktu ke waktu. Bahasa merupakan salah satu kekhasan yang dimiliki oleh suatu negara dan untuk mencerminkan negara tersebut. Pada era globalisasi seperti saat ini informasi mudah sekali diakses terutama pada media online. Banyak informasi-informasi dari luar yang masuk ke negara menggunakan bahasa asing terutama di Indonesia. Bahasa asing yang kebanyakan digunakan yaitu Bahasa Inggris. Karena Bahasa Inggris merupakan bahasa internasional, sehingga mempunyai peran penting dalam ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi. Walaupun ada bahasa internasional tetapi sebagai warga negara seharusnya tetap mempertahankan dan mengembangkan bahasa Indonesia. Karena bahasa Indonesia merupakan ciri khas dari negara Indonesia. Bahasa Inggris memang bahasa internasional yang harus dipelajari. Tetapi bukan berarti melupakan bahasa Indonesia yang menjadi ciri khas dan alat pemersatu bangsa. Ilmu pengetahuan yang ada bisa dikembangkan dengan bahasa Indonesia, karena tidak semua masyarakat mengetahui bahasa Inggris. Hal tersebut bisa membantu memudahkan masyarakat dalam mempelajari ilmu pengetahuan dan sebagai usaha untuk melestarikan bahasa Indonesia.Kata Kunci: Bahasa Indonesia; Era Global; Ilmu PengetahuanABSTRACTLanguage is one of the tools used to communicate with the community. Always have a language development from time to time. Language is one of the peculiarities that are owned by a State and to reflect the country. In the current era of globalization such information easily accessible especially in online media. A lot of information from outside the country to use foreign languages especially in Indonesia. The foreign language most used Language, namely United Kingdom. Because the language of the United Kingdom is the international language, so it has an important role in science and technology. Although there are international language but as citizens should maintain and develop the languages of Indonesia. Because the language of Indonesia is typical of the State of Indonesia. The language of the United Kingdom is indeed an international language should be learned. But that does not mean forgetting the Indonesia language that characterizes and unifying the nation. Existing knowledge can be developed with the language of Indonesia, because not all people know the language of the United Kingdom. It can help facilitate the community in learning science and as an effort to preserve the language of Indonesia.Keywords: Indonesian Languag; Global Era; Science


Modern Italy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-279
Author(s):  
Nicola Cacciatore

Italian anti-fascists started to emigrate from the moment that Mussolini seized power. These émigrés, or fuorusciti, tried to organise themselves to put an end to Mussolini’s regime, but found themselves confronting a number of unexpected difficulties in their host countries. Among them, Giustiza e Libertà (GL) was one of the most active organisations. One of the problems they had to face was the issue of how best to deal with their hosts without compromising their integrity as Italians, and as patriots. The case of Paolo Vittorelli (Raffaele Battino), who is the subject of this article, presents a clear case study of this issue and shows how close collaboration between Italian anti-fascists and western democracies (in this case, the United Kingdom) was hindered by ideological problems. The study of such episodes helps us to shed light not only on the mentality of the GL émigrés, but also on the way the Italian Resistance would later approach the issue of working together with the Allies during the Italian campaign of 1943–1945.


2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajit Shah ◽  
Nalini Ellanchenny ◽  
Guk-Hee Suh

Background: There is a paucity of cross-cultural studies of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD).Method: BPSD were examined in a consecutive series of referrals to a psychogeriatric service in the United Kingdom (U.K.) and in Korea, using the BEHAVE-AD, the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia and the Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE). The U.K. service served a well-defined geographical catchment area with a multidisciplinary team and emphasis on home assessments. The Korean service was a nationwide service with limited community resources. The correlates of individual BPSD in each country and the differences between the two countries were examined.Results: Koreans were younger, were more likely to be married, less likely to be single, had a greater number of people in their household and were more likely to live in their own homes than the U.K. sample. Koreans were more likely to be referred by general psychiatrists or family members, and the U.K. sample was more likely to be referred by general practitioners. Koreans were more likely to have Alzheimer's disease and the U.K. sample to have vascular dementia. The Korean sample had a lower MMSE score than the U.K. sample. In both countries, the total BEHAVE-AD score and most subscale scores were negatively correlated with the MMSE score. The total BEHAVE-AD score and all subscale scores were higher in the Korean sample than in the U.K. sample. The prevalence of all BPSD measured with the BEHAVE-AD were higher in the Korean sample (except aggressivity).Conclusion: These differences may be explained by differing interpretation and administration of the measurement instruments, models of service delivery, availability of primary and secondary care services, health seeking behavior of patients and families, cultural influences, and knowledge, expectations and recognition of BPSD by professionals in primary and secondary care. However, despite this, there was possible evidence of genuine differences worthy of further cross-cultural population-based epidemiological study of BPSD between these two countries.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Світлана [Svitlana] Соколова [Sokolova]

Lingual and Extralingual Aspects of Surzhyk Functioning in UkraineSurzhyk is a mixed type of speech that is typical within modern Ukraine, where we can observe the coexistence of two major language codes, namely Ukrainian and Russian. These are represented by both literary variants and numerous subcodes, primarily Ukrainian dialects (including transitional dialects, with features related to Russian and Belarusian dialectal areas) and Russian colloquial speech with elements of slang. Some language scholars rank Surzhyk as a separate language subcode – as a peculiar type of pidgin – and try to study its structure (lexical composition, grammatical structure) and areal distribution of elements accordingly. At present, in addition to “classical” Surzhyk, a new type of mixed speech has also arisen on the Russian phonetic-grammatical basis with the involvement of a large number of Ukrainian lexemes (original or borrowed by the Ukrainian language), mainly terms, taken from different fields. This new type of mixed speech is Russian-Ukrainian Surzhyk.The report analyzes several samples of mixed speech. On the basis of this analysis, criteria for the qualification of a text are proposed either as an example of Surzhyk, or simply as speech with signs of interference. Such criteria include lingual (Ukrainian or Russian phonetic basis, levels of interference, number of foreign language implementations, variations within the text), social (language is higher in status at the moment of the occurrence of the phenomenon; the scope of the functioning of the idiom itself), territorial (depending on the speaker’s place of inhabitance – urban or rural) and personal (native/first language of the speaker, level of education, knowledge of the literary language). It was concluded that the new mixed speech differs from Surzhyk in terms of the number of used units of another language, linguistic levels of manifestation, scope of distribution, conditions of occurrence and personal characteristics of speakers, among which the level of education and possession of standard subcodes are of leading importance. It is a tran­sitional phenomenon in the process of the formation of Ukrainian as a state language. Językowe i pozajęzykowe aspekty funkcjonowania surżyka w UkrainieSurżyk to mieszany typ mowy, typowy dla współczesnej Ukrainy, gdzie obserwujemy współistnienie dwóch języków, ukraińskiego i rosyjskiego. Języki te są reprezentowane zarówno przez ich warianty literackie, jak i liczne subkody, przede wszystkim przez dialekty ukraińskie (w tym również dialekty przejściowe do rosyjskiego i białoruskiego obszaru dialektalnego) oraz przez potoczną odmianę języka rosyjskiego z elementami slangu. Niektórzy językoznawcy uważają surżyk za odrębny subkod językowy – swoisty rodzaj pidginu – i podejmują próby analizy jego struktury (leksykonu, gramatyki) i uwarunkowań z zakresu geografii językowej. Obecnie obok „klasycznego” surżyka pojawił się nowy typ mowy mieszanej, oparty na bazie fonetyczno-gramatycznej języka rosyjskiego, z udziałem dużej liczby leksemów ukraińskich (oryginalnych lub zapożyczonych do języka ukraińskiego), głównie terminów z zakresu wielu dziedzin. Ten nowy rodzaj mowy mieszanej to surżyk rosyjsko-ukraiński.W niniejszym tekście poddano analizie próbki tego typu mowy mieszanej. Na podstawie analizy zaproponowano kryteria dwojakiej kwalifikacji tekstu, bądź jako przykładu surżyka, bądź po prostu jako przykładu mowy z cechami interferencji. Kryteria te mają charakter lingwistyczny (ukraińska lub rosyjska baza artykulacyjna, zakres interferencji, liczba jednostek zaadaptowanych z języków obcych, poziom wariancji tekstowej), socjologiczny (język o wyższym statusie w momencie wystąpienia danego zjawiska; zakres funkcjonowania idiomu), terytorialny (w zależności od miejsca zamieszkania mówiącego – miejski lub wiejski) i indywidualny (ojczysty/pierwszy język mówiącego, poziom wykształcenia, znajomość języka literackiego). Stwierdzono, że nowa mowa mieszana różni się od surżyka pod względem liczby używanych jednostek z innego języka, płaszczyzny językowej jego realizacji, zasięgu i warunków jego występowania, indywidualnych cech mówiących, wśród których poziom wykształcenia i znajomość subkodów standardowych mają pierwszorzędne znaczenie. Mamy tu do czynienia ze zjawiskiem przejściowym w procesie uzyskiwania przez język ukraiński statusu języka państwowego.


Author(s):  
R.C.F. Findlater ◽  
W. Haresign ◽  
R.M. Curnock

The widespread use of artificial insemination (AI) in the United Kingdom sheep industry has been limited by the poor conception rates obtained after cervical insemination of frozen-thawed semen. The major problem in this respect is the impairment of sperm transport through the cervix, particularly when AI is used in conjunction with oestrus synchronisation.Previous studies (Killeen and Caffery, 1982; Maxwell, 1984) have indicated that a laparo-scopic technique for intrauterine insemination in ewes may overcome such limitations. At the moment, however, sufficient data on the optimum time of insemination and sperm doses required to maximise fertility in British breeds are not available. The present study was conducted to establish the optimum time of intrauterine insemination using frozen-thawed semen.


2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (16) ◽  
pp. 434-446
Author(s):  
Marta Sobiecka ◽  
Mikołaj Ślęzak

The United Kingdom joined the EU in 1973. Just two years later it was on the verge of leaving. There was a first referendum held but 67% of the British citizens voted to remain in the EU. Second referendum on the same issue was held in February 2016. Turnout was 71.8% - more than 30 million people cast their votes and by a slim 51.9% to 48.1% margin voted to leave. There were stark differences across the UK – both geographically and demographically. Also many argued that “leave” campaign was controversial and not related to the EU as a legal entity – more to its recent problems like eurozone and migration crises. Taking into account that there are only couple of days left to the Brexit day of April 12, 2019 (prolonged from original Brexit day of March 30, 2019), the most probable of all Brexit scenarios is no deal as the UK Parliament so far failed to agree on any option. On March 14, 2019 the House of Commons voted to take no deal option off the table, but the UK forgot that this is a default solution that will take place anyway in the absence of any agreement between the UK and the EU – it’s simply not UK’s internal choice to make. What did lead to the second Brexit referendum? Why did the UK question its presence in the EU? What will happen to the rights of EU citizens in no deal scenario that seems to be the most plausible at the moment? These questions will be answered in due course.


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